ABSTRAKTY / ABSTRACTS
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| Soják J. |
| Dvě nové nepůvodní mochny české květeny a poznámky k Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa |
| Two new non-native species of Potentilla in the Czech Republic and notes on Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa |
Abstract
Two non-native species of Potentilla are reported as new for the Czech Republic. They were collected near Prague in the past: P. adscharica from sect. Rectae and P. radiata, which is derived from P. argentea × P. thuringiaca. In south Moravia and east Bohemia, Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa was found introduced by migratory birds.
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| Kolbek J., Sádlo J. & Hadinec J. |
| Pseudofumaria alba – ověřený nebo nový druh pro Českou republiku? |
| Pseudofumaria alba – a species confirmed or new to the Czech Republic? |
Abstract
Seven localities of the rare chasmophytic alien Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén (syn. Corydalis ochroleuca Koch, C. alba (Mill.) Mansf., Capnoides albida (DC.) Bernh.) were found in Central and South Bohemia. A first comprehensive report on the occurrence of the species in the Czech Republic, its habitat demands and phytosociology is presented. The earlier rather uncertain information on this species in the Czech Republic (presented without location and herbarium specimens) are thus attested. Remarks to the identification of the species have been added.
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| Strnad L. & Ekrt L. |
| Nález nové lokality kyvoru lékařského (Asplenium ceterach, Aspleniaceae, Pteridophyta) a přehled jeho rozšíření v České republice |
| A new find of Asplenium ceterach (Aspleniaceae, Pteridophyta) with review of the distribution in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
Asplenium ceterach is considered a critically endangered species in the Czech Republic. In 2007 a new locality was found in rocks above the Vltava river near the village of Roviště (distr. Příbram) in Central Bohemia. The population is situated in steep rock crevices with poor vegetation and consists of about 35 fertile rosettes. It is the largest locality of A. ceterach occurring in the Czech Republic at present. This new, unique locality represents one of two localities in primary (rocky) habitats presently known from the Czech Republic. The identification was verified by measuring exospores. The mean exospore length (20 spores per plant) from five plants ranges from 39.0 to 40.6 mm and corresponds with the tetraploid spore size of A. ceterach s. str. The present distribution of A. ceterach in the Czech Republic is discussed and the taxonomy of the Asplenium subgen. Ceterach summarized.
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| Duchoslav M., Krahulec F. & Bártová V. |
| Rozšíření druhů rodu česnek (Allium) v České republice. III. Druhy sekcí Schoenoprasum a Cepa (A. schoenoprasum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A. × proliferum) |
| Geographical distribution of Allium species in the Czech Republic. III. Species of sect. Schoenoprasum a Cepa (A. schoenoprasum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A. × proliferum) |
Abstract
The distribution and habitat conditions of the one autochthonous species of the genus Allium sect. Schoenoprasum (Allium schoenoprasum) were studied on the territory of the Czech Republic. A taxonomic approach distinguishing only morphological types within A. schoenoprasum was adopted. Lowland populations of morphotype A (usually named A. s. subsp. schoenoprasum or subsp. riparium) are sparsely distributed along the big rivers in Central and Northern Bohemia (lower Vltava, Berounka, Sázava and Labe rivers). Populations inhabit river banks, tow-paths and stony canalised river banks. The second morphotype (type C) represents robust plants (usually named A. s. subsp. sibiricum or subsp. alpinum) that occur in the subalpine belt of two mountain ranges in the Czech Republic: Krkonoše Mts. and Hrubý Jeseník Mts. In addition, an isolated locality of this morphotype occurs on Mt. Klíč in the Lužické hory Mts. Populations inhabit various types of subalpine springs of the Swertio-Anisothecion squarrosi alliance, rocky slopes and cliffs in vegetation of the Agrostion alpinae alliance, occur in subalpine tall grasslands of the Calamagrostion arundinaceae alliance and tall grasslands on rock ledges of the Trifolion medii alliance. Allium schoenoprasum is widely planted throughout the Czech Republic as a vegetable or ornamental plant and frequently escapes from cultivation. In addition, remarks on origin, distribution and use of three cultivated taxa of the section Cepa (A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A. × proliferum) are added.
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| Hadinec J. & Lustyk P. [eds] |
| Additamenta ad floram Reipublicae Bohemicae. VI. |
| Additions to the flora of the Czech Republic. VI. |
Abstract
This sixth part of floristic contributions resumes data on alien species found for the first time in the Czech Republic (Capsella rubella and Rheum officinale) and the newly found Bromus lanceolatus, Heliotropium europaeum and Lactuca saligna, previously considered extinct from the Czech Republic terirorry. Also critically endangered species (according to the Black and Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Republic) are presented from sites, where their occurrence had not been reported so far (e.g. Asplenium adulterinum, Callitriche hermaphroditica, Campanula cervicaria, Carex dioica, Cyperus michelianus, Dryopteris cristata, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Epipogium aphyllum, Geranium divaricatum, Gymnadenia densiflora, Hammarbya paludosa, Hypericum pulchrum, Juncus capitatus, J. subnodulosus, Limodorum abortivum, Orchis ustulata, Potamogeton × angustifolius, Salix myrsinifolia). Finally, less rare species are mentioned from territories where they had not been discovered yet.
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| Kaplan Z. [co-ordinator] |
| Upozornění na rizika spojená s vysazováním nepůvodních druhů rostlin do přírody a posilováním populací ohrožených druhů |
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Abstract
V 19. století byly poměrně časté případy, kdy byly do přírody záměrně vysazovány nepůvodní druhy rostlin, často původem z Alp či jiných území. Tyto aktivity byly motivované zejména naivními vlasteneckými snahami obohatit českou květenu. Nedotčená nezůstala ani ta nejcennější území jako např. Krkonoše nebo Český kras. V poslední době získávají tyto „okrašlovací“ aktivity opět svoji oblibu a tak byla severoamerická Sarracenia purpurea vysazena v přírodní památce Podgrúň v Beskydách, himálajská Primula rosea v rezervaci Praděd nebo severoamerická Opuntia phaeacantha na Děvíně v Pavlovských vrších a na více lokalitách v Českém středohoří. Kromě vysazování nepůvodních druhů se však nyní objevují ještě nová rizika spojená s jinak dobře míněnou snahou posílit chřadnoucí populace ohrožených druhů vysazením rostlin z jiných populací téhož taxonu, případně rostlin odebraných na lokalitě a vypěstovaných v umělých podmínkách. Tak se např. objevují návrhy vysazovat na Petrových kamenech rostliny stenoendemitního druhu Poa riphaea namnožené v nížině, bez ohledu na fakt, že tyto pěstované rostliny jsou napadené rzí. Při takových výsadbách však nedochází k pouhému zasazení rostliny do neměnného prostředí, ale ve skutečnosti k zavlečení nepůvodních genotypů do složitých dynamických systémů, přičemž se výsadbou nastartuje komplikovaná síť změn, jejichž důsledek nikdy nemůžeme předem dohlédnout. Ve hře jsou mnohá rizika, např.:
1. Při výsadbě rostliny na novou lokalitu často dochází k hybridizaci, a to buď s jinými blízkými druhy nebo s jinými genotypy stejného druhu, a tím k tzv. genetické erozi. To narušuje původní genofond populace; vlastně se vysazením nového genotypu ničí genotypy původní. V případě ohrožených druhů jsou tak ničeny místní genotypy, které by právě měly být chráněny. Při hybridizaci může navíc vzniknout i nový agresivní genotyp, který vytlačí jak původní rostliny, tak ty vysazené.
2. S nepůvodní rostlinou může být na lokalitu nevědomě zavlečen také patogenní mikroorganismus (rez, houba, rostlinný virus), který může oslabit nebo zcela vytlačit jak místní rostliny stejného druhu, tak i rostliny jiné. Někdy není potřeba ani zavlečení patogenního organismu, pro vykonání díla zkázy stačí zavléct s rostlinou také alelu, která odbourá rezistenci místních rostlin a sníží tak jejich životaschopnost. Paradoxně je tak možné při „posilování“ oslabených populací jim tímto uštědřit tu poslední osudnou ránu.
3. Nové rostliny na lokalitě často znamenají narušení konkurenčních vztahů. Vysazený druh může způsobit vymizení původních druhů, případně konkurenčně silnější genotyp vyhynutí místního genotypu stejného druhu. Opět tím dochází k nenahraditelným ztrátám, které mnohdy nemusejí být ani snadno pozorovatelné. Kromě ovlivnění floristického složení lokality, na kterou byly rostliny vysazeny, může dojít i k následnému šíření vysazeného druhu do okolí, přičemž toto šíření může mít i charakter invaze.
4. Svévolné vysazování rostlin do přírody prakticky znemožňuje výzkum a tedy i efektivní ochranu původní české květeny. Často jsou bez oprávněného důvodu (např. řádně evidovaný a odborně vedený záchranný transfer) přesazovány na nové lokality druhy jako Saxifraga paniculata, Calla palustris, Hippuris vulgaris, Vinca minor nebo mnohé jarní cibuloviny včetně šafránů. Po staletí trvající výsadby leknínů různého původu do přírody dnes prakticky neumožňují stanovit, která populace je původní, a mnohdy nelze zjistit ani identitu rostlin nacházených v terénu, neboť velká část z nich jsou hybridogenní kultivary neznámého původu. Podobná je situace při studiu trav a jetelovin, kdy původní spektrum genotypů je stále více narušováno masovým používáním komerčních travních směsí.
Cílem tohoto příspěvku je proto upozornit potenciální „inženýry přírody“ na nebezpečí a nenávratné škody, které mohou záměrným vysazováním rostlin do přírody způsobit, jakkoliv může být jejich snaha dobře míněna. I v tomto případě se naplňuje staré přísloví, že cesta do pekel je dlážděna dobrými úmysly.
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ABSTRAKTY / ABSTRACTS
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| † Hendrych R. & Müller J. |
| Phyllitis scolopendrium, historie a současnost na území České republiky |
| Phyllitis scolopendrium in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart auf dem Gebiet der Tschechischen Republik |
Abstract
The paper deals with the first reports on the occurrence of Phyllitis scolopendrium in Bohemia and the Czech name used for this fern. Based on several facts, we have come to the conclusion that in the 16th century P. scolopendrium still grew in the wild in Bohemia. In the 17th century, the leaves of Hart’s-tongue were used as a medicinal herb. Some of the published records of its occurrence in Bohemia and also Moravia refer to escaped or cultivated plants. At present, P. scolopendrium does not grow anymore at its former localities in Bohemia. The current occurrence at natural sites goes back to recent introduction of spores. A special type of naturalisation is the repeated occurrence in open wells. In the Czech Republic, Hart’s-tongue is native only in the Moravian Karst, the Hranice Abyss and Trojačka Nature Reserve in the Veřovické vrchy Mts and most likely also in the surrounding of Třinec (near the village of Dolní Líštná), all in Moravia and Silesia. The nativeness of the Silesian site in the surrounding of Třinec is disputable, but it is a native occurrence probably too. P. scolopendrium is a critically endangered species in the Czech Republic, obviously for its low number of sites. For unknown reasons it disappeared from the Josefské údolí valley in the Moravian Karst, but at other sites in this region it gradually spreads. However, Impatiens parviflora, invading through the Punkva valley from Blansko to Pustý žleb, poses a threat to them.
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| Duchoslav M., Bártová V. & Krahulec F. |
| Rozšíření druhů rodu česnek (Allium) v České republice. II. Druhy sekce Rhizirideum (A. angulosum, A. senescens subsp. montanum) |
| Geographical distribution of Allium species in the Czech Republic. II. Species of sect. Rhizirideum (A. angulosum, A. senescens subsp. montanum) |
Abstract
The distribution of the two taxa of the genus Allium sect. Rhizirideum (Allium angulosum, A. senescens subp. montanum) on the territory of the Czech Republic was studied. Allium angulosum is an endangered species sparsely distributed in two large but isolated areas at lower altitudes with a warm climate (East Bohemia and the north-eastern part of Central Bohemia; South Moravia and the southern part of Central Moravia). Additionally, there are two isolated localities in the hills of South and Southeastern Bohemia and one locality in the north-western part of Central Bohemia. Allium angulosum usually inhabits wet meadows in floodplains but rarely occurs in semidry grasslands of the Cirsi-Brachypodion pinnati alliance and in thermophilous oak forests of the Aceri tatarici-Quercion and Quercion petraeae alliances. During the 20th century, the species disappeared from many localities due to changes of grassland management (absence of mowing, drainage) or complete destruction of localities (ploughing and turning into arable land). Allium senescens subsp. montanum shows a scattered but uneven distribution over the Czech Republic. Most of its localities are situated on rocky ground and cliffs in deep and usually V-shaped valleys of rivers and on rock outcrops of hills in hilly areas. The species occurs rarely on dry sands in the lowlands of the Labe and Morava rivers (East Bohemia, South Moravia) and on loess soils (around the town of Vyškov). The species typically occurs in rock-outcrop vegetation (Alysso-Festucion pallentis alliance) and less frequently in other communities of the Festuco-Brometea class. Less often the species occurs in thermophilous oak forests (Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae order), acidophilous oak forests (Quercetalia robori-petraeae order) and relic pine forests.
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| Ducháček M., Hroudová Z. & Marhold M. |
| Rod Bolboschoenus v květeně České republiky II. Bolboschoenus yagara, B. laticarpus |
| The genus Bolboschoenus in the Czech Republic. II. Bolboschoenus yagara, B. laticarpus |
Abstract
Taxonomy and distribution in the Czech Republic as well as morphological variation and habitat characteristics of Bolboschoenus yagara and B. laticarpus are presented. B. yagara is a morphologically little variable taxon, clearly distinguished by its habitats (littoral zones of standing waters on acid, nutrient-poor soils). Consequently, the species is typical of flat fishpond basins. B. laticarpus is the most frequent species in the Czech Republic, with a wide ecological amplitude, distributed mainly along rivers and in river floodplains. Some intermediate morphological characters and its habitat amplitude indicate its possible hybrid origin (B. yagara × B. maritimus or B. planiculmis).
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| Kolář F., Kubešová M., Těšitel J. & Koutecký P. |
| Květena vesnic v CHKO Blanský les |
| Synanthropic flora of villages in the Blanský les Protected Landscape Area |
Abstract
The flora of villages in the Blanský les Protected Landscape Area was studied. Lists of all species except for those apparently cultivated were made in August 2003, when synanthropic vegetation was optimally developed. In total, 455 species were recorded in 40 villages. The average number of species per village was 153 (minimum 86, maximum 227). Twelve species included in red lists were found. Remarks on the occurrence of selected species are given.
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| Otýpková Z. |
| Poznámky k současnému rozšíření Veronica agrestis v České republice |
| Notes on the recent distribution of Veronica agrestis in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
Thirty-six new localities of Veronica agrestis, a strongly threatened weed taxon, are reported from the Czech Republic based on field research conducted in 2005–2006. Some of the finds represent new records of this species in six phytogeographical regions of the Czech Republic. Literature revision further broadened the range of its known localities. The new records originate primarily from higher altitudes. Veronica agrestis occurs as a weed both in cereals and root-crops, without preference for any specific weed community. The species has become rare due to the intensification of agricultural practise. It is also partially overlooked by botanists in the field.
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| Jongepier J. W., Fajmon K. & Otýpková Z. |
| Významné nálezy cévnatých rostlin v Chráněné krajinné oblasti Bílé Karpaty a v přilehlém okolí: nové druhy pro území |
| Significant finds of vascular plants in the Bílé Karpaty (White Carpathians) Protected Landscape Area and its vicinity: species new to the area |
Abstract
The discovery of 36 vascular plant species found mostly during floristic grid mapping, which were not known from the area of the White Carpathian Mts. (Bílé Karpaty) before, is reported and commented. Most species have been introduced into the area by human activity (road repair, building activities, soil heaps, spreading along roads). Even species occurring in natural habitats elsewhere in the Czech Republic, such as Lastrea limbosperma, Isolepis setacea, Cardaminopsis halleri, Gagea minima, and Leucojum vernum, have been mostly introduced to similar habitats in the area. Only the species Orobanche purpurea subsp. purpurea has expanded its distribution area in a natural way. Lithospermum arvense subsp. sibthorpianum represents a taxon unique to the Czech flora.
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| Gerža M. & Čepa L. |
| Nová lokalita Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica v polské části Orlických hor |
| A new locality of Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica in the Polish part of the Orlické hory/Góry Orlickie Mts. |
Abstract
Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica has been found in the Polish part of the Orlické hory/Góry Orlickie Mts. The population consists of more than 200 plants and is the only extant locality in the Polish part of the Orlické hory/Góry Orlickie Mts. The locality is described in the report. Other sites situated near-by where Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica occurs are also mentioned.
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| Gerža M. |
| Některá horská společenstva Orlických hor |
| Some mountain plant communities of the Orlické hory Mts. |
Abstract
The study deals with the mountain vegetation of the Orlické hory Mts – subalpine tall-forb vegetation (association Chaerophyllo-Cicerbitetum alpinae), montane grey alder gallery forests (association Alnetum incanae), and montane sycamore-beech forests (association Aceri-Fagetum). Only communities rare or little known from the Orlické hory Mts are included in the paper. The composition and distribution of these plant communities are described in the paper.
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| Boublík K. |
| Pokus o rekonstrukci potenciální přirozené vegetace vybraného území Třeboňské pánve |
| Attempt to reconstruct the potential natural vegetation of a selected area of the Třeboň Basin (South Bohemia, Czech Republic) |
Abstract
The paper deals with the results of reconstructed natural vegetation mapping in the Třeboň Basin based on geobiocoenological principles (bedrock, soil, climatic and growth conditions for tree species) and published palynological studies from the study area. The main result of this study is a potential natural vegetation map of a model transect through the Basin. This transect covers most habitat types typical of the area. Based on occurrence and growth features of climax trees (especially Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba) and published palynological studies, I presuppose a lower occurrence of Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur in contrary to existing reconstruction maps (maps of reconstructed natural vegetation, potential natural vegetation and forest site maps). On the other hand, the proportion of Fagus sylvatica in these maps is probably underestimated. I assume beech forests or forests with a great proportion of beech to have grown also on Dystric Cambisols and Podzols developed from gravel sand of Pleistocene alluvial terraces and on Planosols.
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| Boublík K., Bílek O. & Žárník M. |
| Co vlastně zobrazují české (re)konstrukční geobotanické mapy? |
| What do the Czech maps of (re)constructed vegetation really show? |
Abstract
The interpretation of maps of reconstructed and/or constructed potential natural vegetation (PNV) in the Czech Republic is discussed. Despite the original concept of PNV intended to determine the hypothetical terminal vegetation stages, the (re)constructed vegetation units are usually based on the classification of existing plant communities. The syntaxa of real vegetation used in the (re)construction are often interpreted as climax communities. However, most of the real vegetation that is generally thought as natural is made up of semi-natural communities. Particularly at lower altitudes, vegetation has been modified by long-lasting human impact (e.g. settlement and forest management – pasture, coppicing, litter raking). Nowadays, changes in species composition occur in many oak and oak-hornbeam forests, although they are considered to be climax communities terminating succession. Real plant communities indicate a rather unbalanced state or, in other words, subclimax vegetation conditioned by human impact (a subclimax community is of the same vegetation formation as a climax but with different dominant species or composition). It could be misleading if such PNV units are indicated as climax vegetation.
We consider the recent (subclimax) PNV-maps a valuable instrument for the management of today’s semi-natural forests or conservation of light-demanding species. On the other hand, we propose the application of geobiocoenological (ecosystem) methods for the mapping of climax stages if knowledge of long-term succession is required. Geobiocoenological mapping is based on growth features and competition of tree species, bedrock, climate and soil properties. The proportion of forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba is evidently underestimated in the recent PNV-maps if compared with the results of geobiocoenological mapping, while the proportion of oak and oak-hornbeam forests is, by contrast, highly overestimated. Comparison of PNV-maps and maps constructed by means of geobiocoenology might have important implications in forest management, an evaluation of vegetation stability or nature conservation activities.
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| Karlík P. & Chvojková E. |
| Natura 2000 a Česká botanická společnost |
| Natura 2000 and the Czech Botanical Society |
Abstract
Natura 2000 was prepared rather thoroughly in the Czech Republic. Unfortunatelly, because of lack of time, many valuable sites were missing on the national list of sites. Therefore, the Czech Botanical Society together with other non-governmental organisations compiled a so-called shadow list of sites and sent it to the European Commission. NGO delegates participated in the Biogeographical Seminar in April 2006, where the sufficiency of the national list of habitat types was evaluated. Most of our arguments were accepted and the Czech Republic has to complete a national list with additional sites. Cooperation of the NGOs continues, now focusing on a critical monitoring of habitat types. |
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ABSTRAKTY / ABSTRACTS
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| Lepší M., Boublík K., Lepší P. & Opletal L. |
| Reveň lékařská (Rheum officinale) - nový adventivní druh ve střední Evropě |
| Rheum officinale - a new alien species for Central Europe |
Abstract
Six new localities of adventive occurrence of the species Rheum officinale Baillon were recorded in the Czech Republic (districts of Český Krumlov and České Budějovice, South Bohemia). It is highly probable that the taxon is reported as an alien species from Central Europe for the first time. Five localities occur in the Novohradské hory Mts, close to the town of Nové Hrady. In three cases it has persisted close to ruins of expelled German inhabitants' houses for more than 50 years. It has escaped from its current cultivation in two cases. Furthermore, it has persisted in the surroundings of a weekend cottage close to the town of Frymburk in the Šumava Mts for at least 20 years. It is very rarely cultivated in the Czech Republic at present, unlike the past, when it was probably fairly often grown especially by Germans in the Bohemian part of the Novohradské hory Mts. The paper includes a morphological description of the species, map of its adventive distribution in the Czech Republic, a list of localities, a drawing, and a photograph of the species. Information on its practical use is also given. |
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| Hadinec J. & Lustyk P. [eds.] |
| Additamenta ad floram Reipublicae Bohemicae. V. |
| Additions to the flora of the Czech Republic. V. |
Abstract
This fifth part of floristic contributions resumes data about taxa newly discovered on the territory of the Czech Republic (Aconitum plicatum subsp. sudeticum and eleven newly described species of the genus Rubus). For the first time, the alien taxa Agrostis scabra, Lithospermum arvense subsp. sibthorpianum, Physalis pubescens and Allium zebdanense are mentioned in the contribution. Also critically endangered species (according to the Black and Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Republic) are presented from territories where no occurrence had been reported so far (e.g. Arnoseris minima, Botrychium multifidum, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Carex buxbaumii, Gentianella obtusifolia subsp. sturmiana, Hackelia deflexa, Malaxis monophyllos, Orobanche arenaria, O. artemisiae-campestris, O. coerulescens, O. purpurea subsp. bohemica, O. purpurea subsp. purpurea, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Reseda phyteuma, Stachys arvensis, Trigonella monspeliaca). Finally, less rare species are mentioned from territories where they had not been discovered yet. |
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| Jaroš V. |
| Vegetační a floristické poměry v okolí Slatinského a Hostavického potoka ve východní části Prahy |
| Die Vegetations- und floristische Verhältnisse in der Umgebung von Slatinský und Hostavický Baches östlich von Prag (Mittelböhmen) |
Abstract
Plant communities and flora of wetlands in the basins of the Slatinský and Hostavický potok brooks in Prague are described. The folloving plant communities were recorded in the studied area: mesic meadows of the alliances Alopecurion pratensis, Calthion and Molinion, and their transition communities to the alliance Arrhenatherion. The large area of the wetlands is covered with reed communities of the association Phragmitetum communis, communities of tall sedges (the associations Caricetum gracilis) and communities of the association Phalaridetum arundinaceae. In the studied area, the following significant taxa were recorded: Rumex sanguineus, Juncus inflexus, Ranunculus sceleratus, Carex nigra, C. vesicaria, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Colchicum autumnale and Eleocharis palustris. On the other hand, several ruderal species are spreading here: Solidago gigantea, Tanacetum vulgare, Dipsacus sylvestris, Aster novi-belgii, Reynoutria japonica, Juncus tenuis, Cardaria draba, and along the Hostavický potok brook Heracleum mantegazzianum. The current vegetation of the wetlands is compared with a wet meadow in the floodplain of the Rokytka Brook near Říčany (SE of Prague). Plant communities occurring here are well-developed and belong mainly to the alliance Molinion, association Molinietum caeruleae. Several taxa rare in this region or listed in Black and Red List of the Czech Flora were recorded here: Gentiana pneumonanthe (C2), Iris sibirica (C2), Dactylorhiza majalis (C3), Trollius altissimus (C3), Primula veris subsp. veris (C4), and Eriophorum angustifolium. |
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| Hendrych R. |
| Polystichum lonchitis, zvláště různost geneze v naší květeně |
| Polystichum lonchitis, die Verschiedenheit der Herkunft in unserer Flora besonders |
Abstract
Polystichum lonchitis occurs on the territory of the Czech Republic partly in very limited areas almost exclusively in the high mountains (Krkonoše and Hrubý Jeseník) as a pronounced glacial relict, partly as a plant transported by turbulent activity of air masses from the top areas of the Alps. The localities arisen in the latter way are extremely small; moreover, their existence is in all cases only of temporary, short-term character. |
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| Sutorý K. |
| Šípatka širolistá (Sagittaria latifolia) v České republice |
| Sagittaria latifolia in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
Overview of localities of the North American species Sagittaria latifolia Willd. in the Czech Republic. Localities from two phytogeographical regions (Dolní Pojizeří, Moravské podhůří Vysočiny) are published for the first time. |
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| Petřík P. |
| Zdroje floristických údajů v České republice: jak je získat, zpracovat a využít |
| Sources of floristic data in the Czech Republic: how to acquire, process and use them |
Abstract
Despite a long tradition of phytogeographical research in the Czech Republic, no complete national distribution database (atlas) based on an up-to-date and systematic field survey is available. This paper deals with (i) available data sources on plant distribution in the Czech Republic, (ii) possibilities to link phytosociological and grid mapping data, (iii) pros and cons of the grid-mapping method, and (iv) suitability of this method for mapping vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Two mapping schemes for the Czech vascular flora are suggested, one based on a long-term, systematic field survey mapping of the whole country within the CEBA quadrants, the other one covering only a part of the Czech Republic during a short time. |
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| Kovář P. |
| Šedesát let pražské univerzitní geobotaniky (1945-2005) |
| Sixty years of geobotany at Charles University in Prague (1945-2005) |
Abstract
Sixty years have passed since the Unit of Geobotany started its development in ecological botany at Charles University in Prague. This text is written to document the course of the last decade following a previous article devoted to the fiftieth anniversary of Prague geobotany (Kovář 1996). A list of geobotanists graduated from the Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, in the period 1995-2005 is enclosed. |
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ABSTRAKTY / ABSTRACTS
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| Krahulec F., Duchoslav M. & Bártová V. |
| Rozšíření druhů rodu česnek (Allium) v České republice. I. Druhy sekcí Reticulatobulbosa, Butomissa a Anguinum (A. strictum, A. tuberosum, A. victorialis) |
| Geographical distribution of Allium species in the Czech Republic. I. Species of sect. Reticulatobulbosa, Butomissa and Anguinum (A. strictum, A. tuberosum, A. victorialis) |
Abstract
The distribution of three species of the genus Allium sect. Reticulato-bulbosa, Butomissa and Anguinum (Allium strictum, A. tuberosum, A. victorialis) was studied on the territory of the Czech Republic. A. strictum is a rare relic species occurring at approximately 30 localities in Central and North Bohemia. The highest number of localities occurs in Prague City and its surroundings. A. strictum occurs in rock-outcrop vegetation of the Alysso-Festucion pallentis alliance and it is found rarely in continental pine forests of the Dicrano-Pinion alliance. A. tuberosum is an allochthonous species of the Czech flora. It was repeatedly collected in the period between 1866 and 1942 on the margin of diabas rock at Velká Chuchle near Prague. At present, it is sometimes cultivated in gardens and rarely escapes. A. victorialis is a rare species that occurs in subalpine tall grasslands and subalpine and montane Nardus-grasslands in the three mountain ranges: Krkonoše Mts, Hrubý Jeseník Mts, and Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. During the 20th century, it disappeared from most localities in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. In addition, two isolated localities occur at lower altitudes near the village of Boršice (White Carpathians Mts) and near the town of Havířov (Ostravská pánev region). |
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| Ducháček M., Hroudová Z. & Marhold K. |
| Rod Bolboschoenus v květeně České republiky I. Bolboschoenus maritimus s. str., B. planiculmis, B. glaucus |
| The genus Bolboschoenus in the Czech Republic I. Bolboschoenus maritimus s. str., B. planiculmis, B. glaucus |
Abstract
A survey of taxonomical problems within the genus Bolboschoenus in Europe together with a determination key to Bolboschoenus species growing in the Czech Republic are given. In addition, taxonomy, habitat characteristics and distribution in the Czech Republic of Bolboschoenus maritimus s.str., B. planiculmis and B. glaucus are presented. B. maritimus is a facultative halophyte occurring on fragments of saline wetlands or in secondary habitats on sites of former saline habitats. It is a rare species in the Czech Republic. B. planiculmis inhabits mostly terrestrial habitats temporarily flooded, on mineral-rich grounds. Its distribution overlaps that of B. maritimus, but B. planiculmis was found more frequently. Recently it spreads as a weed in humid crop fields. B. glaucus has been found at one locality in Prague City. Owing to the secondary character of the habitat and isolated position of the locality, B. glaucus is supposed to be introduced. |
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| Chán V., Trávníček B. & Žíla V. |
| Příspěvek k rozšíření druhů rodu Taraxacum v jižní části Čech. III. (se 6 novými druhy pro květenu České republiky) |
| Contribution to the knowledge of Taraxacum species distribution in South Bohemia III (with six new species for the Czech flora) |
Abstract
Results of taraxacological investigations in South Bohemia performed in the years (1995–)1999–2004 are presented. 70 species of the genus Taraxacum were found. The following six species are new to the Czech Republic: T. reichlingii van Soest of sect. Celtica A. J. Richards and T. aberrans Hagendijk, van Soest & Zevenbergen, T. flavostylum Bäck, T. gesticulans H. Øllgaard, T. gibberum Markl. and T. pulverulentum H. Øllgaard of sect. Ruderalia Kirschner, H. Øllgaard & Štěpánek. Illustrations of the new Czech Taraxacum species and T. violaceinervosum Railons. are provided. |
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| Sutorý K. |
| Opletník sličný (Calystegia pulchra) – doplňky k rozšíření v České republice |
| Calystegia pulchra – additions to the distribution in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
New and omitted data of the distribution of Calystegia pulchra on the territory of the Czech Republic are given. |
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| Blažková D. |
| Co popisuje fytocenologie – odpověď |
| What is described by phytosociology? A reply |
Abstract
A hierarchical phytosociological system is NOT the main purpose of phytosociology. It is only a means to process the information in such a way that the general attributes, common to the phytosociological units, can be implied based on the assignment of a stand to a particular phytosociological unit. With a good phytocoenological system, this assignment can be carried out by using a few of the most obvious floristic characters, both qualitative and quantitative. The plant species that build the community can serve as indicators of abstract classification units. For the purpose of classification and definition of phytosociological units, the species that occur in relevés do not need to have the same amount of information about that particular unit. The ordinary, subjectively selected relevés should be augmented with notes that would contain additional species combinations overed in the sampled relevés. The phytosociological classification of successional stages poses a special problem, both in the study of plant communities and the application of the phytosociological system. The utmost attention should be paid to the study of newly formed plant communities that originate from the succession of agrocoenoses. |
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| Češka A. |
| Bias – předpojatost |
Abstract
On two historical examples, the author tries to show that, under certain conditions, both the investigators’ bias and their ignorance had their place in serious scientific investigations. A simple test at the end of this article not only gives the opportunity to the potential readers to test their bias or ignorance, but it also underscores the absurdity of this question. |
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| Černý T. |
| Hédl R. (2005): Co popisuje fytocenologie – odpověď |
| Hédl R. (2005): What is described by phytosociology? A reply |
Abstract
In a critique of Central European phytosociology by R. Hédl the terms ”author bias” and ”methodology bias” have been erroneously used and mutually confused. The first one – bias caused by an enormous number of authors collecting and synthesizing phytosociological data – is worth discussing and analysing, but it is really difficult to assess the objective relation between the status of studied ecosystems (plant assemblages) and types of collected data. The author criticises wrong methodical premises of the discipline and a distortion of hypotheses in the beginning of the development of the discipline, but such arguments are misleading and fallacious, as is explained among others by citations from an early phytosociological textbook. The main problem of disproportion between traditionally described vegetation units and the actual status of vegetation cover does not stems from a wrong methodology, but from requirements of two different approaches – phytosociology and mapping of earth surface. Also, there is a strong ”scale bias”, i.e. the scale of phytosociological relevés and the landscape scale. Both scales are very hardly parallelised and we cannot avoid a bias when interpreting gross-scaled phenomena by studying fine-scaled ones. Research solving such problems of scaling is not included in well-established and long-practised phytosociological sampling of vegetation. Currently, the established phytosociological system does not treat systematically the whole vegetation cover. This situation is not caused by a gap or inconsistency in methodology, but by phytosociologists focusing on sampling data in well-developed landscape regions, such as protected areas and nature reserves. We should concentrate now on completing our knowledge and data in terms of composition and structure of vegetation covering a common and anthropogenically impoverished landscape. |
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ABSTRAKTY / ABSTRACTS
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| Dančák M., Vašut R. J. & Trávníček B. |
| Příspěvek k poznání rozšíření ostružiníků v moravské části Českomoravské vrchoviny |
| Contribution to the knowledge of the distribution of brambles in the Moravian part of the Českomoravská vrchovina hills |
Abstract
The bramble flora of Western Moravia (Czech Republic) was studied. A total of 31 taxa (29 species) was recorded (including one hybrid) and the knowledge of the distribution of species in the studied area was considerably improved. A few species are mentioned for the first time from the territory of Moravia (Rubus franconicus, R. indusiatus and R. orthostachyoides, two latter each from a single locality in Moravia). Short notes on the character of distribution, a list of known localities and dot maps are presented in this paper. |
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| Šumberová K. |
| Co víme o vegetaci tříd Isoëto-Nanojuncetea a Bidentetea v České republice? |
| What do we know about the vegetation of the classes Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea in the Czech Republic? |
Abstract
The vegetation of exposed pond bottoms belonging to the classes Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea was studied in the Czech Republic. In 1994–2004 a total of 947 phytosociological relevés were recorded and stored in the database TURBOVEG. These relevés come from 293 localities including fishponds, storage ponds (small ponds for the storage of marketable fish), alluvium deposits, sand pits, wet fields, etc. Data from floristic lists were added to the author’s relevés and used for comparison of the frequency of selected species and the construction of maps. The maps show the most interesting examples of geographical or habitat affinity of selected species.
The present distribution of individual species and vegetation types of exposed pond bottoms in the Czech Republic is explained in relation to the biological features and ecological requirements of the individual species, to land use and habitat management. Attention is paid primarily to fishponds and storage ponds and the influence of fishpond management. Causes of the large variability in the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea communities are explained. An understanding of these patterns is important for vegetation classification. Finally, the problem of the decline of some Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea species and perspectives for their survival in the present landscape is discussed. |
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| Petřík P., Bílek O., Černý T. & Kolbek J. |
| Nelesní teplomilná vegetace povodí Mohelky v severních Čechách |
| Non-forest semi-thermophilous vegetation of the Mohelka river catchment area, North Bohemia |
Abstract
A field survey of non-forest semithermophilous vegetation in the Mohelka river catchment area (N Bohemia) was carried out, focusing on fringes (Trifolion medii) and on moderately to medium dry abandoned meadows (Arrhenatherion and Bromion erecti). Other non-forest vegetation was documented by means of phytosociological relevés: pioneer herb vegetation of primitive soils (Sedo-Scleranthetea), vegetation of acidophilous fringes (Melampyro-Holcetea mollis). Flora and vegetation were briefly described and the distribution of selected thermophilous communities was documented using maps. The study area represents a unique complex of man-made and semi-natural wet, mesic, and dry meadows. |
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| Kolbek J., Boublík K., Černý T. & Petřík P. |
| Vegetační vazba druhu Cardaminopsis petraea v České republice |
| Vegetation with Cardaminopsis petraea in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
Vegetation preference of the species Cardaminopsis petraea in the Czech Republic was studied. Despite the fact that the species belongs to the rare taxa of the territory, a large ecological amplitude has been found as to its links to many vegetation units. Phytosociological material containing 68 of the authors’ own and 17 published relevés was classified subjectively into communities of 11 vegetation classes. In general, the species is linked with predominantly natural or seminatural heliophilous communities of drier to mesophilous habitats with a significantly greater affinity to acid and nutrient-poorer substrata. In the Czech Republic, its occurrence on limestone (reported from abroad) has not been documented. Cardaminopsis petraea occasionally occurs also in anthropogenic habitats (cultivated pine forests, on phonolite castle walls and on secondary grass slopes with scattered shrubs). |
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| Navrátilová J. & Navrátil J. |
| Stanovištní nároky některých ohrožených a vzácných rostlin rašelinišť Třeboňska |
| Environmental factors of some endangered and rare plants in Třeboň’s mires |
Abstract
The importance of selected environmental factors for endangered and rare vascular plants and bryophytes were studied in non-forested mire vegetation on fishpond edges and spring fens in the Třeboň basin during the year 2004. The total of 28 endangered and rare vascular plants and 10 species of endangered and rare bryophytes were detected in 30 plots (16 m2 each) at 15 localities. Content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and pH determined the species richness. High amounts of nutrients were detected in the plots periodically flooded by fishpond water and on the plots where the fen vegetation has been replaced by grasses and tall sedges. |
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| Hédl R. |
| Co popisuje fytocenologie? (O některých nedostatcích středoevropské fytocenologie) |
| What is described by phytosociology? (Some weak points of Central European phytosociology) |
Abstract
The main weak points in Central European phytosociology methods are described and commented. First, preferential sampling design implies a twofold subjective classification already in the field. Subjectively distinguished and preferred vegetation types have been sampled, which distorts representativeness of the data, regarding the real vegetation. Second, vegetation has been changing continuously, while phytosociology gives a rather static description, being gradually overcome by changes. Third, classification based strictly on species composition makes phytosociology applicable only in some vegetation types, mostly the species-rich and ecologically specific ones. Finally, three controversial concepts of potential natural vegetation are briefly discussed. Objectivised vegetation sampling designs should be applied to assess the real abundance of vegetation types. A revision of the phytosociological system of vegetation units regarding vegetation changes should be carried out. Methods enabling a unified classification of floristically and ecologically unequal vegetation types should be developed. The present concept of potential natural vegetation seems to be speculative, requiring a re-evaluation. |
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ABSTRAKTY / ABSTRACTS
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| Brabec J. |
| Současný stav rozšíření hořečku mnohotvarého českého (Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica) v ČR |
| Recent distribution of Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica is an endemic taxon of the Czech Massif and a subendemic one of the Czech Republic. Its historical distribution included also Bavarian part of the Šumava Mts (Germany), northern part of Austria and southern part of Poland. In the past this species was distributed quite plentifully in mesophytic and oreophytic areas (rarely in termophytic areas) nearly all over the Czech Republic. G. praecox subsp. bohemica has never been found in W or NW Bohemia and S or SE Moravia. It has mainly been recorded from pastures, submontane and montane Nardus grasslands (Cynosurion, Violion caninae and Nardion), some mowed mesic and intermittently wet meadows (Arrhenatherion and Molinion), some broad-leaved dry grasslands and pastures (Bromion erecti and Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis) and many disturbed habitats (path edges, quarry rims, forest edges). The number of localities of G. praecox subsp. bohemica has been decreasing since 50’s. The decline is probably due to changes of landscape management (finish of grazing, eutrophication of soil, increase of vegetation canopy, and reforestation of habitats). G. praecox subsp. bohemica was found on 64 localities all over the Czech Republic in years 1999–2004. The list of these localities is given together with vegetation types, floristic comments and parameters of population size. Data about historical and recent management, endangerment and bibliography of localities are included. Condition of localities, size of populations, and protection of all localities in the Czech Republic are analyzed. |
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| Lepší M. |
| Mochyně pýřitá (Physalis pubescens) – poprvé přechodně zplanělá na území ČR |
| Physalis pubescens – first temporary occurrence in the Czech Republic |
Abstract
Physalis pubescens has been found as a new alien species for the Czech Republic in the village of Zlatá Koruna (distr. Český Krumlov, South Bohemia). One plant individual was found there on the heap spoil. The locality is described in the report. |
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| Chán V. & † Skalický V. |
| Příspěvek ke květeně území mezi Týnem nad Vltavou a Purkarcem v Jihočeské pahorkatině |
| Contribution to the flora of the region between Týn nad Vltavou and Purkarec (South Bohemia, Czech Republic) |
Abstract
The presented study contains floristic material from the region situated between Týn nad Vltavou and Purkarec (South Bohemia, Czech Republic). The material was collected by the members of South Bohemian branch of the Czech botanical society in České Budějovice during the collective floristic survey between the years 1975 and 1983. In the studied area, 375 localities were visited and 673 taxa were recorded. |
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| Hadinec J., Lustyk P. & † Procházka F. [eds.] |
| Additamenta ad floram Reipublicae Bohemicae. IV. |
| Additions to the flora of the Czech Republic. IV. |
Abstract
This fourth part of floristic contributions resumes the data about taxa newly discovered in the Czech Republic territory (Carex obtusata, Epipactis leutei, E. moravica). The newly described species Cerastium caesareosylvaticum Toman is mentioned as well. For the first time, the alien species Conyza triloba, C. bonariensis, Eragrostis albensis, E. pectinacea, Oenothera coronifera, O. stricta and Persicaria pensylvanica are mentioned in the contribution. The newly found species, previously considered to be extinct in the Czech Republic territory (Chenopodium chenopodioides, Urtica kioviensis, Veronica scardica and Xeranthemum annuum), are listed below. There are presented the critically endangered and endangered species (according to the Black and Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Republic) also from territories, where no occurrence have been reported so far (e.g. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Botrychium multifidum, Equisetum variegatum, Goodyera repens, Notholaena marantae, Senecio paludosus subsp. paludosus, Sesleria uliginosa). The less rare species from the territories, where they have never been discovered yet, are mentioned. |
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| Franklová H. & Kolbek J. |
| Mechorosty Přírodních rezervací Na Babě a Brdatka v CHKO a BR Křivoklátsko |
| Bryophytes of the Nature Reserves Na Babě and Brdatka in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Central Bohemia) |
Abstract
Floristic composition of the species-various bryophyte communities of rocks, steppe, broad-leaved forests, forest springs, boulder screes, and brooks of two Nature Reserves Na Babě and Brdatka in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve, Central Bohemia, was studied. During 2003 and 2004, 107 species of bryophytes (15 liverworts and 92 mosses) were collected. The occurrence of Platygyrium repens, Didymodon spadiceus, D. tophaceus, and Eucladium verticillatum (endangered species in the Czech Republic) is remarkable. |
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