Abstracts of volume 72, no. 1, 2000
Chytrý M. (2000): Formalized approaches to
phytosociological vegetation classification. - Preslia, Praha, 72: 1-29. [In
Czech]
The current theory and methods of phytosociological vegetation
classification are divided into two major types: imperfectly formalized
approaches, which build classifications without explicit description of the
classification process, and formalized approaches, which aim at precise
definitions of classification criteria and algorithms, thus yielding repeatable
classifications. These two approaches are not antagonistic, as each of them is
better applicable in different situations. As a rule, the imperfectly
formalized approach is invaluable in fine-scale classifications at the
landscape level, whereas the formalized approach is superior for large-scale
vegetation surveys. In this paper, application of the formalized methods of
vegetation classification in phytosociology is reviewed. First, classification
criteria used in vegetation classification are evaluated. Second, possibilities
for formalizing the phytosociological field sampling procedure are discussed,
including the sample plot choice, spatial arrangement and size. Third,
formalized approaches to data analysis are reviewed, including concepts of
character species, sociological species groups, fidelity, hierarchy of
classification units, deductive classification method, numerical
classification, and nomenclature rules. Finally, recent developments of
formalized classification are summarized with respect to large-scale vegetation
surveys, phytosociological databases, analysis of large datasets and expert
systems.
Dubyna D. V. & Neuhäuslová Z. (2000): Salt meadows
(Festuco-Puccinellietea) of the Biryuchij Island Spit in the Azov Sea,
Ukraine. - Preslia, Praha, 72: 31-48.
Phytosociological and ecological characteristics of salt meadows (class
Festuco-Puccinellietea) of the Biryuchij Island Spit (Azov Sea, Ukraine)
are given. The following associations have been studied in detail: (1)
Plantagini salsae-Juncetum gerardii, on temporarily waterlogged
solanchak-like soils in narrow depressions with relatively low calcium content,
(2) Scorzonero parviflorae-Taraxacetum bessarabici influenced by grazing
and trampling, in shallow depressions, with relatively low salt content. (3)
Artemisio santonicae-Elytrigietum elongatae in mown sites, covering
moderate elevations behind the coastal ridge, with calcium-rich, temporarily
drying out soils. (4) Tripolio vulgaris-Aeluropetum littoralis occurs on
moister soils of lower positions, moderately to highly saline. Two
subassociations were recorded (5) Puccinellietum giganteae occurs on
soils with different degrees of salinization and different texture, with an
ecological optimum in temporarily flooded sites of degraded solonchaks.
Plantagini salsae-Juncetum gerardii, Artemisio santonicae-
Elytrigietum elongatae and Tripolio vulgaris-Aeluropetum littoralis
are described as new associations in the present paper.
Balátová-Tuláčková E. (2000): Contribution to the
knowledge of Molinietalia communities in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts
(NE Moravia). - Preslia, Praha, 72: 49-72. [In German]
The West Carpathian Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts, mostly built from Godul
Flysh, are poor in communities of the order Molinietalia. They occur on
slopes or in river valleys permanently influenced by underground water or
springs. Eight associations of the alliance Calthion were found, i. e.
Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Calthetum, Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Crepidetum
paludosae, Scirpetum sylvatici (occurring frequently), Angelico-
Cirsietum palustris, Cirsietum rivularis (the most widespread
community), Filipendulo-Menthetum longifoliae, Lysimachio vulgaris-
Filipenduletum (both rarely occur in marginal parts of the studied
territory) and Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Filipenduletum. Particular
associations are characterized by properties of the topmost part of the soil
profile and by their species richnes. Cirsietum rivularis and
Scirpetum sylvatici were divided in the highest number of
subassociations. Importance of the moist to moist-wet communities of the
Molinietalia order for mountain regions is discussed.
Fiala K. (2000): Proportion of living biomass in the
total dry mass of belowground organs of various plant communities. - Preslia,
Praha, 72: 73-85.
Proportion of living belowground plant biomass estimated for various types
of meadows, grass stands of clear-cut areas, sedge stands of wetlands and for
Cuban savannas and forests is reviewed. Analysis was done using a staining
technique and laborious visual separation of living belowground biomass from
soil cores and blocks. The differences in the amount of living belowground
plant biomass are mostly associated with the type of plant community. The
highest amounts of living belowground biomass (1100 to 2300 g.m
-2) were recorded most frequently in the unmown moist
meadow stands (percentage of living belowground biomass was over 60%) and in
mountain grass stands of clear-cut sites (66-95%). A lower percentage and
amount of living biomass was found in the driest habitat (23%, 860 g.m-2) and in several wetlands (10-13%, about 500
g.m-2 or less). Mown meadows were characterized
by a lower percentage of living belowground biomass and lower dry mass of total
and living belowground plant parts. Living belowground biomass of 433 and 517
g.m-2 (34 and 50%) was recorded in natural
savannas, while 745 (74%), and 512 to 1122 g.m-
2 (39-65%) was recorded, respectively, in the anthropogenic
savanna stands dominated by Axonopus compressus and Paspalum notatum. The
percentage of living fine roots in the total dry mass of fine roots of Cuban
forests varies considerably: 41 and 47% (554-758 g.m-
2) in mangrove forests, 30 and 56% (64-90 g.m-
2) in evergreen broad-leaved mountain forests and 23 and 49% (87-
200 g.m-2) in semideciduous lowland forests.
Both the proportion of living plant organs in total belowground dry mass and
the amount of belowground plant necromass vary greatly, which may reflect
differences in root mortality and the decomposition rate of dead belowground
plant parts associated with various habitat conditions.
Kirschner J. & Zázvorka J. (2000): New names of taxa included in the 6th volume of “Flora of the Czech Republic”. - Preslia, Praha, 72: 87-89.
Three new combinations are given to validate new names used in the 6th volume of Flora of the Czech Republic (“Květena České republiky”), i. e. Orobanche alba subsp. major, Phelipanche purpurea subsp. bohemica (Orobanchaceae) and Centaurium litorale subsp. compressum (Gentianaceae).
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