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	Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals ASCR, v.v.i. Prague

Aerosol Laboratory

Research staff: J. Smolik, L. Dzumbova, J. Kugler, V. V. Levdansky, P. Moravec, J. Schwarz, I. Sevcikova, V. Zdimal
Part time: M. Bartak

PhD student: D. Brus

• Composition and size of atmospheric aerosols
• Indoor/outdoor aerosols
• Nucleation phenomena
• Synthesis of nanoparticles via aerosol processes
• Heat and mass transfer in aerosol systems
• Interaction of aerosols with electromagnetic radiation
• Combustion aerosols

Subgrid scale investigations of factors determining the occurrence of ozone and fine particles

(J. Smolik, supported by EC, grant No. EVK2-CT-1999-00052 SUB-AERO)

Objective of the project is the understanding of the formation, accumulation, fate, and effects of ozone, other photochemical oxidants and fine particulate matter in subgrid ("local") scale in the Mediterranean area. This is accomplished by incorporating state-of-the-art field measurements combined with the state-of-the-art analysis/mesoscale-subgrid modelling tools, which improve quantification of the relationships between emission source activity and ambient air quality for photochemical pollutants and fine particles. [Refs. 1, 5-7, 14, 15, 35-37]

Characterization of urban air quality - indoor/outdoor particulate matter chemical characteristics and source-to-inhaled dose relationships

(J. Smolik, supported by EC, grant No. EVK4-CT-00018 URBAN-AEROSOL)

The project aims: (i) to characterize chemically the particulate matter associated with actual human exposure in selected residential European areas, (ii) to provide an integrated European exposure assessment database for urban PM characterization through indoor/outdoor monitoring and modelling, (iii) to study and evaluate the mechanisms controlling the indoor/outdoor relationships of PM by taking into account infiltration, meteorological conditions, indoor sources of PM, physical and chemical processes indoors, and the composition/size distribution of indoor generated particulate matter, by using mechanistically based models, and (iv) to link human exposure to particulate matter indoor with physiologically based mechanistic dosimetry models. [Refs. 12, 19-21, 31, 32, 34]

Integrated exposure management tool characterizing air pollution-relevant human exposure in urban environment

(J. Smolik, supported by EC, grant No. EVK4-CT-2002-00090 URBAN-EXPOSURE)

The objective of the project is to study human exposure from air-pollution compounds that account for two important pathways exposure (inhalation and dermal absorption), and to quantify exposure specifically for particulate matter and chloroform in several European urban areas. The scientific aim is to develop science-based methods for quantification of exposure. The environmental and policy-relevant product is the implementation of these methods in conjunction with a robust multiphase modelling environmental management system. [Refs. 17, 18, 30]

Composite nanoparticle synthesis by CVD method in a hot-wall tube flow reactor

(P. Moravec, supported by GA CR, grant No. 104/02/1079)

The project involves an experimental study of both monocomponent and multicomponent nanoparticle synthesis by CVD method in an externally heated tube flow reactor. The synthesised particles should be metal oxide particles as ZrO2, Fe2O3, Ta2O3 or V2O5, metallic particles as Fe, Cu or Ni and mixed and/or composite multicomponent particles as ZrO2/SiO2, V2O5/SiO2, Cu/SiO2, Fe/TiO2. The particle morphology, crystallinity and chemical composition are examined by SEM, TEM, SAED, XRD and EDS. The project also includes a mathematical modelling of some particular phenomena of the process of particle formation by CVD. [Refs. 3, 9, 10, 16, 24, 27, 28]

Aerosol particle growth in presence of foreign gas and problem of foreign molecule trapping

(V. V. Levdansky, supported by GA ASCR, grant No. IAA4072205)

The aim of the proposed project is to perform a theoretical study of impurity molecule trapping by growing aerosol particles during condensation process. Mathematical modelling of the impurity molecule concentration in aerosol particles and determination of the probability (coefficient) of the impurity molecule trapping is to be done for two cases: 1) impurity molecules are either present in the volume considered or enter it from the surrounding medium, 2) impurity molecules appear in the volume as a result of a chemical reaction in the gas phase. The methods for removing impurity molecules from the gas phase will be elaborated, based on the above mentioned trapping. The influence of external fields (e.g., resonance laser radiation) on this kind of trapping will be studied as well. It is also assumed to study the effect of foreign (buffer) gas on the deposition rate in aerosol systems. [Refs. 2-4, 8, 9, 22-27]

Development of experimental methods for measurement of nucleation rates in mixtures present in clean and polluted atmospheres

(V. Zdimal, supported by GA ASCR, grant No. 2076203)

Mainly experimental project focusing on development of methods studying nucleation kinetics in supersaturated vapours. It comprises four tasks: (i) Development of a laminar co-flow tube, a device to study binary nucleation using an entirely new method. Flow visualization will be used to find the limits of stability and CFD methods will be applied to compute the flow filed. (ii) Improvement of the shock-tube method. (iii) Improvement of the static-diffusion-chamber method. (iv) Testing the experimental setups with selected systems. [Ref. 38]

Comprehensive size resolved characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in Prague

(J. Schwarz, supported by GA CR, grant No. 205/03/1560)

The goal of the project is comprehensive characterization of atmospheric aerosol in Prague. For this purpose concurrent sampling on two sites is performed using cascade impactors, SMPS systems, nano-SMPS and APS together with filter based sampling, yielding particle mass and number size distributions. The relations between size and composition is studied using PIXE, PIGE, INAA, ICP-MS, IC, AAS, and GC-MS analyses. The data together with the available source fingerprints are used in main aerosol sources identification. Further, the relation between aerosol mass and particle number size distributions and composition and atmospheric conditions is also analysed. The project is solved in collaboration with Charles University, Prague and Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR. [Ref. 29]

Nucleation studies using diffusion chambers. Atmospheric aerosol measurements - instruments intercomparison

(V. Zdimal, supported by Ministry of Education, grant No. ME699, program KONTAKT)

This bilateral (Czech-Greek) project solves two tasks. First one is focused on modelling. Its aim is to improve a model describing the coupled mass, heat and momentum trasport inside the flow diffusion chamber. The CFD approach using the code FLUENT will be used to accomplish this task and to evaluate the experimental data. The second task is to perform an intercomparison of two instruments measuring particle size distributions, the SMPS system and LAS-X, based on different physical principles. An aerosol generator will be used producing a monodisperse aerosol and this aerosol will be led into both devices at the same time. The whole available size range will be studied.

Click here for explanation of abbreviations used on this page.

• Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany: Experimental study of homogeneous nucleation in supersaturated vapours
• Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland: Application of cascade impactors for aerosol studies
• Institute of Nuclear Technology - Radiation Protection, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece: Urban aerosols
• Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway: Formation of ozone and fine particles in the Mediterranean area
• University of Essex, Colchester, Great Britain: Sampling of fine atmospheric particles
• Institute for Systems, Informatics and Safety, JRC-Ispra, Italy: Modelling of fine particle formation
• Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece: Aerosols in the environment
• Fraunhofer Institute FhITEM, Hannover, Germany: Indoor/outdoor aerosols
• Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland: Synthesis and characterisation of nanosized metal/ceramic particles
• The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA: Light-induced nucleation from supersaturated vapors
• Institute of Physical Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia: Non-equilibrium phenomena on the solid-gas boundary
• Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Aerosol Department, Moscow, Russia: Nucleation processes studied in diffusion chambers

• H. Keskinen, Institute of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
• J. M. Maekelae, Institute of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

Original papers

1. Bardouki H., Liakakou H., Economou C., Sciare J., Smolik J., Zdimal V., Eleftheriadis K., Lazaridis M., Dye C., Mihalopoulos N.: Chemical Composition of Size-Resolved Atmospheric Aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean during Summer and Winter. Atmos. Environ. 37(2), 195-208 (2003).

2. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J.: Influence of the Temperature Distribution on Chemical Deposition in Internal Problems. J. Eng. Phys. Therm. 76(1), 168-172, 2003 (Translated from Inzh.-Fyz. Zh. 76(1) 142-145 (2003)).

3. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Trapping of Molecules by Aerosol Particles in Physical and Chemical Deposition. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 30(4), 545-552 (2003).

4. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Massoperenos i zakhvat primesnogo komponenta pri osazhdenii iz gazovoi fazy. (Russ) Mass Transfer and Trapping of the Impurity Component in Deposition from Gas Phase. Inzh.-Fiz. Zh. 76(5), 87-91 (2003). (Translated into J. Eng. Phys. Therm. 76(5), 1055-1060, (2003))

5. Smolik J., Zdimal V., Schwarz J., Lazaridis M., Havranek V., Eleftheriadis K., Mihalopoulos N., Bryant C., Colbeck I.: Size Resolved Mass Concentration and Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols over the Eastern Mediterranean Area. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 3, 2547-2573 (2003).

6. Smolik J., Zdimal V., Schwarz J., Lazaridis M., Havranek V., Eleftheriadis K., Mihalopoulos N., Bryant C., Colbeck I.: Size Resolved Mass Concentration and Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols over the Eastern Mediterranean Area. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3, 2207-2216 (2003).

7. Lazaridis M., Spiridaki A., Solberg S., Kallos G., Svendby T., Flatoy F., Drossinos I., Housiadas C., Smolik J., Colbeck I., Varinou M., Zdimal V.: Modelling of Combined Aerosol and Photooxidant Processes in the Mediterranean Area. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., submitted.

8. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Polymolekulyarnye plenki na poverkhnosti aerozol’nykh chastits. (Russ) Polymolecular Films on the Surface of Aerosol Particles. Inzh.-Fiz. Zh., submitted.

9. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Critical Size of Aerosol Particles in the Resonance Radiation Field. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, submitted.

10. Moravec P., Smolik J., Levdansky V.V.: Preparation of Al2O3-SiO2 Fine Particles by CVD Method in Tube Flow Reactor. Powder Technol., submitted.

11. Schwarz J., Smolik J., Dzumbova L., Vesely V., Sykorova I., Kucera J., Havranek V.: Particulate Emissions from Fluidized Bed Combustion with Fly Ash Recirculation of Czech Lignite with and without Calcareous Additives. Fuel Process. Technol., submitted.

12. Smolik J., Lazaridis M., Moravec P., Schwarz J., Zaripov S.K., Zdimal V.: Indoor Aerosol Particle Deposition in an Empty Office. Aerosol Sci. Technol., submitted.

13. Sykorova I., Smolik J., Pesek J., Machovic V.: Composition and Mode of Occurrence of the Mineral Constituents in Brown Coal and their Behaviour at Fluidized Bed Combustion. Acta Montana IRSM AS CR, Series AB No. 11, 37-43 (2003).

14. Vecera Z., Mikuska P., Smolik J., Eleftheriadis K., Bryant C., Colbeck I., Lazaridis M.: Shipboard Measurements of Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitrous and Nitric Acids and Sulphur Dioxide in the Eastern Mediterranean. J. Geophys. Res., submitted.

Chapters in books

15. Lazaridis M., Spiridaki A., Solberg S., Svendby T., Svenby T., Kallos G., Flatoy F., Housiadas C., Smolik J., Colbeck I., Eleftheriadis K.: Modelling of Aerosol Processes in the Mediterranean Area. In: NATO Conference on Regional Atmospheric Modelling, Kluwer Academic Press, in press.

16. Moravec P., Smolik J., Levdansky V.V., Keskinen H.: CVD Synthesis of Multicomponent Nanosized Particles in an Externally Heated Tube Flow Reactor. In: Nanostructured Materials and Their Applications. (Szymanski W.W., Wagner P.E., Itoh M. Eds.), Facultas Verlags, Wien 2004, pp. 9-19.

Conferences

17. Bryant C., Colbeck I, Smolik J., Eleftheriadis K., Housiadas C., Branis M., Helmis C., Drossinos Y., Hollander W., Petrakis M., Lazaridis M.: Urban Indoor-Outdoor Aerosol Measurements at Selected Residential Sites within Europe. 14th Annual Conference Held at Reading University Programme, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, 34(11), 1603, 2003], Reading, UK, Great Britain, 02-03 April 2003.

18. Coulson G., Bartonova A., Bohler T., Broday D.M., Colbeck I, Floisand I., Fudala J., Hollander W., Housiadas C., Lazaridis M., Smolik J.: Health Risks from Pollutants in Domestic Environments: The Urban Exposure Project. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S377-S378, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

19. Hovorka J., Veron A.J., Schwarz J., Dzumbova L., Kugler J., Smolik J.: Tracing of Urban Aerosol Formation by Stable Isotopes of Lead. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S699-S700, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

20. Lazaridis M., Dahlin E., Hansen J.E., Smolik J., Schmidbauer N., Moravec P., Zdimal V., Hermansen O., Glytsos T., Svendby T., Dye C.: Indoor/Outdoor Particulate Matter Measurements in Two Residential Houses in Oslo, Norway. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S1367-S1368, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

21. Lazaridis M., Dahlin E., Hanssen J.E., Smolik J., Schmidbauer N., Moravec P., Zdimal V., Hermansen O., Glytsos T., Dye C.: Characterization of Indoor/Outdoor Particulate Matter Characteristics in Two Residential Houses in Oslo, Norway. GNEST Conference, Book of Abstracts, p. 248, Lemnos, Greece, 08-10 September 2003.

22. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J.: Kinetics of Uniform Thin Film Deposition in Internal Problems. European Vacuum Congress EVC-8, Abstracts, p. 193, Berlin, Germany, 23-26 June 2003.

23. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Condensation Growth of Nanoparticles and Impurity Molecule Trapping. International Conference on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies (NN 2003), Abstracts, p. 92, Crete, Greece, 30 August - 06 September 2003.

24. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Impurity Molecule Trapping in Growth of Nanoparticles by Deposition from Gas Phase. Physics, Chemistry and Application of Nanostructures 2003, Book of Abstracts, p. 353-356, Minsk, Belarus, 20-23 May 2003.

25. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Effect of Resonance Radiation on Critical Radius of Small Aerosol Particle. E-MRS Spring Meeting 2003, Book of Abstracts, p. H/PIII.15, Strasbourg, France, 10-13 June 2003.

26. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Growth Rate of Small Aerosol Particles in Physical and Chemical Deposition. II International Conference "Colloid-2003", Short Notes, p. 28, Minsk, Belarussia, 20-24 October 2003.

27. Levdansky V.V., Smolik J., Moravec P.: Size Effect in Impurity Molecule Trapping by Growing Aerosol Particles. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S355-S356, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

28. Moravec P., Smolik J., Levdansky V.V., Keskinen H., Maekelae J.M.: Synthesis of Zirconia Fine Particles by Vapour-Phase Decomposition of Zirconium tert-Butoxide. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S283-S284, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

29. Schwarz J., Smolik J., Hillamo R., Aurela M., Maekelae T., Brozova I., Santroch J., Havranek V.: Size Distribution of Spring Suburban Aerosol in Prague. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S711-S712, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

30. Smolik J., Bartak M., Bartonova A., Bholer T, Broday D.M., Colbeck I., Coulson G., Fl?isand I., Fudala J., Hollander W., Housiadis Ch., Lazaridis M.: Evropsky Vyzkumny projekt URBAN EXPOSURE. (Czech) European Research Project URBAN-EXPOSURE. Ovzdusi 2003, Program a Sbornik konference, p. 236-238, Brno, Czech Republic, 05-07 May 2003.

31. Smolik J., Moravec P., Schwarz J., Zdimal V., Dahlin E., Drossinos Y., Lapti M., Lazaridis M.: Chovani aerosolu ve vnitrnim prostredi. (Czech) Indoor Aerosol Behaviour. Ovzdusi 2003, Program a Sbornik konference, p. 25-28, Brno, Czech Republic, 05-07 May 2003.

32. Smolik J., Moravec P., Zdimal V., Dahlin E., Lazaridis M.: Indoor Particle Concentrations in Family House: Effect of Diferent Indoor Activities. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S407-S408, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

33. Smolik J., Schwarz J., Dzumbova L., Havranek V., Kucera J., Sykorova I.: Trace Elements Behavior During ACFB Combustion of Synthetic Solid Fuel. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S1297-S1298, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

34. Smolik J., Schwarz J., Zdimal V., Drossinos Y., Lapi M., Lazaridis M.: Time and Size Resolved Indoor/Outdoor Aerosol Particle Concentrations in an Office. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S409-S410, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

35. Smolik J., Zdimal V., Schwarz J., Havranek V., Eleftheriadis K., Lazaridis M., Mihalopoulos N.: Slozeni atmosferickeho aerosolu na Krete. (Czech) Atmospheric Aerosol Composition Measured on Crete. Ovzdusi 2003, Program a Sbornik konference, p. 29-32, Brno, Czech Republic, 05-07 May 2003.

36. Vecera Z., Mikuska P., Smolik J., Eleftheriadis K., Bryant Ch., Colbeck I., Lazaridis M.: Monitorovani ozonu, oxidu dusiciteho, kyseliny dusite, kyseliny dusicne a oxidu siriciteho ve vychodni oblasti Stredozemniho more. (Czech) Measurements of Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitrous and Nitric Acids, and Sulphur Dioxide in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ovzdusi 2003, Program a Sbornik konference, p. 55-59, Brno, Czech Republic, 05-07 May 2003.

37. Vecera Z., Mikuska P., Smolik J., Eleftheriadis K., Bryant C., Lazaridis I.: Shipboard Measurements of Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitrous and Nitric Acids, and Sulphur Dioxide in the Eastern Mediterranean. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Book of Abstracts, p. 05499, Nice, France, 06-11 April 2003.

38. Zdimal V., Brus D., Stratmann F.: Homogeneous Nucleation Rates of n-Propanol Carrier Gas Effect. European Aerosol Conference 2003, Abstracts [Journal of Aerosol Science, S1069-S1070, 2003], Madrid, Spain, 31 August - 05 September 2003.

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