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2002:07 Region and Politics |
Tomáš Kostelecký, Jana Stachová, Daniel Čermák |
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The goal of the publication is to acquaint the public with the work of three members of a team conducting the research project The Influence of Territorially Specific Factors on the Formation of Political Orientations of Voters (GA ČR 403/00/1713). The first text (T. Kostelecký) serves to frame the results of the empirical survey conducted in 2000. The author garners the regional view of the development of Czech society in the 90's from a comparison of the Census of People, Houses and Apartments conducted in 1991 and 2001. Regional differences are proven using many cartograms. The second text (T. Kostelecký, D. Čermák) deals with the testing of the LOCCONTINGENCY program, used to assess contingency tables from marginal frequencies. The acquisition and testing of this tool is a methodological objective of the project. The results suggest that the method will be successful and reliable in addressing certain issues. The last text (J. Stachová) is a theoretical reflection upon the history and the contemporary discourse concerning the concept of civil society. It appears that the attention given in the project to the non-profit sector as one of the most important aspects of regionally differentiated civil society is justified and that it will be fruitful.
Summary
The publication contains the work of three authors, members of a department at the Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences CR, conducting the research project The Influence of Territorially Specific Factors on the Formation of Political Orientations of Voters (GA ČR 403/00/1713) between 2000 and 2002. The project is based on a hypothesis that regional differences in political orientations are not a mere reflection of the differences in the compositions of regional populations because the population of a region or location is not, in this respect, a mere total of individuals living in this region or location. Political orientations of individuals are not developed without a relation to the environment in which an individual lives. A territorial context can significantly influence both the objective position of an individual in society as well as his or her subjective perception of a personal situation and situation in society as a whole.
The first text by Tomáš Kostelecký presents a regional view of the development of Czech society in the 90's gleaned from a comparison of data in the Census of 1991 and 2001 and from surveys conducted by Institute of Sociology in the 1990's. These surveys are Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989 and the survey Ten Years of Social Transformation in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The author looks into regional differentiation of socio-demographic indicators, creed and regional development of the social status. The differences discovered are presented with a set of cartograms. The view the author develops based on the comparison points to the horizon in which it is necessary to understand and explain data from our research sets.
The second text Selective Surveys and Analysis of Aggregated Data is authored by T. Kostelecký and D. Čermák. It is related directly to achieving the methodological objective of the project, which is the verification of statistical methods allowing to assess mutual relations between the position of an individual in the social structure and his or her political orientations. During the project, a program has been acquired which allows assessing contingency tables from marginal frequencies. The fact that data from national selective surveys and from regional selective surveys in model regions are available in the program makes it possible to test the program, i.e., to compare the statistical estimate, based on aggregated data, performed using the LOCCONTINGENCY program with the results of actual selective surveys in given regions. The text at hand brings examples of how the program works and how statistical estimates look compared to results of regional data. Testing has yielded positive results and it seems that the method will be useful in situations where the relationships between observed variables of a universal nature are not too influenced by regionally specific factors. The authors presume that the testing will continue in order to be able to examine in greater detail the possibilities and limits of using this method.
The last text in the publication, Civil Society and the Non-Profit Sector in the Regional Context has been authored by Jana Stachová. It recaps the history of the concept of civil society and also the current debate of the concept. In this debate we can differentiate two theoretical contexts in which the discussions on the concept of civil society occurs: socio-cultural and structural. In extensive literature on which the author has drawn, arguments for each of the approaches are discussed as well as their critiques. Both approaches, however, admit the crucial role of voluntary association of people in unions and various professional or leisure organizations, which results in the existence of an important social and economic power - the non-profit sector. In conclusion, indicators used in surveys of civil society are recapped. It appears that the inspiration with neo-Tocquevillian approach to the study of civil society (that has been incorporated in the project) will be fruitful for analyses.
Key words
Regional development, political orientation of voters, territorially specific factors, contingency table assessment, civil society, non-profit sector
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Region a politika |
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