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Visualization and animation of a 3D regional velocity model

Bohuslav Ruzek 1, Karel Holub 2, Jana Rusajova 2, Jan Lemka 3

1 Geophysical Institute AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
2 Institute of Geonics AS CR, Ostrava, Czech Republic
3 VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic

This web page is one part of a presentation of results of the geophysical research based on the original paper by Ruzek et al. (2010) related to application of seismic tomography. Our approach has currently been aimed at the visualization and animation of the model derived by means of seismic tomography. Another web page, which is an equivalent both of the paper and this web page, can also be found on the Internet (www 2009a).

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Figure 1: Topography of the region under investigation.
 		 
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Figure 2: Epicentres of microearthquakes from the period April 2003 – April 2009 are depicted in the geological map (Atlas mapGeoCR500) by red markers, while verified faults are displayed by black lines.

Except for shot-hole explosions along the international and regional refraction profiles, quarry blasts and mining induced seismic events, 43 local tectonic events were recorded and localized as well. Almost 1/3 of all these events create a cluster, in oval shape with axes roughly 15 km and 5 km long, the remaining epicentres spread irregularly over the territory of northern Moravia and Silesia. This focal region was situated NNE from the town of Olomouc. According to the geological survey, no demonstrable tectonic fault generating these tectonic events has been proven there, and if it does exist, it is covered by alluvium. The occurrence of these microearthquakes had, from time to time, a less numerous swarm-like character.The distribution of all microearthquake epicentres is displayed in Fig. 2, and corresponding source parameters are presented in Tab. 1.

Nr.φλZ [km]RMS [s] nDateTime
049.85317.824-9.70.1081215/07/200316:57:37.876
149.76317.363-19.00.1641216/07/200301:01:48.573
249.96617.983-7.60.428516/08/200301:50:55.462
349.73617.988-19.90.1921024/10/200319:41:27.838
449.72716.909-3.00.1911424/11/200311:48:28.915
550.42516.083-7.80.3461404/12/200323:47:19.192
649.68517.805-13.00.257923/03/200410:38:32.951
749.30417.835-22.90.185626/03/200408:36:26.044
849.28017.827-13.20.1941226/03/200411:08:54.469
949.33817.816-26.20.1651210/04/200406:35:59.069
1049.85217.828-9.70.111721/04/200404:09:02.785
1149.71817.986-18.10.3861501/05/200400:00:52.033
1249.99616.876-14.30.2921928/05/200417:01:14.137
1349.73817.671-14.10.3471504/06/200400:20:00.874
1449.74117.678-17.00.3452306/06/200406:44:46.597
1549.57717.852-15.50.182920/08/200411:40:42.270
1649.57617.852-18.00.289920/08/200420:04:46.984
1749.64517.818-14.70.0791220/08/200519:07:25.740
1849.64917.816-12.50.279825/08/200510:55:07.617
1949.87817.856-10.90.075507/09/200518:01:04.704
2049.67517.134-2.50.4211312/10/200808:57:06.045
2149.37317.330-14.10.119618/10/200815:50:01.624
2249.65217.282-7.50.087625/10/200820:17:32.811
2349.63217.2872.00.046626/10/200800:31:34.854
2449.68317.266-1.00.4441126/10/200802:43:26.285
2549.66317.292-10.80.056726/10/200805:40:44.821
2649.70617.244-1.40.4141326/10/200822:30:10.891
2749.63817.307-10.80.1761028/10/200822:31:55.283
2849.62817.296-6.10.164731/10/200803:36:20.627
2949.62417.300-5.90.166612/12/200803:09:00.645
3049.66217.309-13.50.3041122/12/200800:45:03.539
3149.67217.283-12.70.2921325/12/200809:36:30.753
3249.64917.320-12.40.067601/01/200922:53:25.105
3349.63817.306-8.30.349810/01/200904:24:08.022
3449.75117.245-9.10.054605/02/200905:59:28.966
3549.64217.278-6.60.136615/02/200917:32:25.907
3649.65917.272-4.80.2681108/03/200923:55:36.251
3749.65017.278-3.30.238815/03/200914:03:58.742
3849.61617.315-8.80.353826/03/200915:40:22.394
3949.66517.257-5.30.3921728/03/200906:37:44.351
4049.94217.8832.00.308929/03/200910:20:29.860
4149.93517.926-11.90.037529/03/200911:01:30.244
4249.63017.315-6.90.225823/04/200922:02:10.001

Table 1: An overview of the hypocentral parameters of localized tectonic events (n stands for the number of available onset times, origin date and time given in UTC).

The first phase of the three-dimensional modelling using seismic tomography is illustrated in Fig. 3, where the individual coloured circles within the process of data featuring substitute the basic structural rectangular elements, dimensions 5x5x2 km. Since also invalid elementary boxes appeared, i.e. boxes which are not crossed by seismic rays, during the velocity approximations, they had to be eliminated by binary masking. It is worthwhile mentioning that for masking all values were divided into two categories, namely 0-0.01 valid for data without a predicative value based on the measurement, and category 0.01-10 for data verified by measurements.

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Figure 3: Spatial sequence of valid basic structural elements (rectangular parallelpiped) crossed by seismic rays.
 		 
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Figure 4: 3-D velocity field visualization for P-waves at depth levels: 0, -7.5, and -16.5 km after masking.
 
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Figure 5: 3-D velocity field visualization for P-waves at depth levels: -1.5, -10.5, and 19.5 km after masking.
 		 
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Figure 6: 3-D velocity field visualization for P-waves at depth levels: -4.5, -13.5, and -22.5 km after masking.

In principle, 3D data visualization and animation have been based on the application of data transformation and utilizing various procedures and special programs, e.g., ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 9.3, ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene. The resulting models presented in Figs 4, 5 and 6 have been successively transposed to the format of VRML (Virtual Reality Model Language) which in case of using, e.g., program Cortona 3D, is a plug-in for Internet browsers MSIE, Netscape and Mozilla. The Cortona 3D program then enable three dimensional objects to be browsed on web pages and, moreower, it is possible to change viewing angle and rotate the object. For detection and downloading of the VRML plug-in for the individual OS, we refer the reader to http://cic.nist.gov/vrml/vbdetect.html.

References