Abstract:
It is well known that the tunneling density of states has anomalies (cusps, algebraic suppressions, and pseudogaps) at the Fermi energy in a wide variety of low-dimensional and strongly correlated electron systems. We propose that the origin of these anomalies is the infrared catastrophe associated with the sudden introduction of a new electron into a conductor during a tunneling event. This catastrophe is known to be responsible for the x-ray edge spectra of metals, the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe, and the Kondo effect. We introduce an exact functional integral representation for the interacting Green's function, by means of a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, single out the field configurations responsible for the infrared catastrophe, and treat them with methods developed for the X-ray edge problem. Applications to a variety of interacting systems will be presented.