Hydrodynamics and Chemistry of Incineration

Recent publication

1. V. Pekárek: IMPORTANCE OF REPROCESSING OF THE FLY ASH FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE AND HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS. Workshop on control options/technologies to abate heavy metals and persistent organic pollutant emissions from stationary sources and products, Prague, 26-28 April, 2000, Czech Republic. Proceedings of the Workshop, 51-55.

2. Punčochář M., Veselý V., Drahoš J., Tsutsumi A., Yoshida K.: FORMATION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS DURING THE FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION. 6th Asian Conference on Fluidized-Bed and Three-Phase Reactors, pp. 489-494. Cheju Island, Korea, 8-12 December (1998).

3. Stach J., Pekárek Vl., Endršt R., Hetflejš J.: DECHLORINATION OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE ON MWI FLY ASH Chemosphere 39(14), 2391-2399 (1999).

   Abstract:
   The dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene on activated municipal waste incinerator fly ash was studied within the temperature range of 150 - 350 °C in closed systems under nitrogen atmosphere. The following factors were examined influencing the course of dechlorination: hexachlorobenzene loading, temperature and additives (Cu, CuO, MgO, PbO, ZnO, H₂O, methoxyethanol). The mechanism of dechlorination is outlined

4. Grabic R., Marklund S., Pekárek V., Punčochář M., Ullrich J.: EFFECTS OF OXYGEN, SULPHUR DIOXIDE, SULPHURIC ACID AND PEROXIDES ON FORMATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS), DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS (PCDDS) AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDFS) ON THE MWI FLY ASH. Organohalogen Compd. 41, 251-254, 1999.

5. J. Brož, R. Grabic, J. Kilián, M. Lojkásek, S. Marklund, T. Ocelka, V. Pekárek, J. Přibyl, V. Tydlitát, J. Výška: THE EFFECT OF OILS ON PAHS, PCDDS, PCDFS, AND PCBS EMISSIONS FROM SPARK ENGINE FUELLED WITH LEADED GASOLINE. Chemosphere 41, 12, 1905-1911, 2000.

   Abstract:
   The effect of synthetic and mineral oils on the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) in emissions from a spark ignition engine was studied on a Škoda Favorit engine fueled with leaded gasoline. The test cycle simulated urban traffic conditions on a chassis dynamometer, in accordance with the ECC 83.00 test. The data for selected PAHs as well as PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs congener profiles are presented. PCDD/Fs emissions for an unused oil and the oil after 10 000 km operation varied from 300 to 2000 fmol/m³, PCBs emissions from 75 to 178 pmol/m³ and PAHs emissions from 150 to 420 µg/m³. The content of PCBs in oils varied from 2 to 920 mg/kg.

6. J. Stach, V. Pekárek, R. Grabic, M. Lojkásek, V. Pacáková: DECHLORINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS ON FLY ASH. Chemosphere 41, 12, 1881-1887, 2000.

   Abstract:
   Dechlorination of commercial mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) as well as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) on extracted and nonextracted fly ash obtained from municipal waste incinerator (MWI) was studied in closed systems under nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures of 260 °C and 340 °C. Decomposition results (given as the difference between PCB or PCDD/F molar amounts before and after the experiment ( in %) due predominantly to dechlorination reactions) and detoxification data (expressed similarly but related to toxic PCB and PCDD/F congeners only and given in I-TEQ units) are reported. Detoxification of Delor 105/80T at 260 and 340 °C at a loading of 0.65 wt.% was 99.48 and 100%, respectively. The decomposition of Delor 103 at 340 °C and for the loading of 0.75 wt.% corresponded to 99.99%. The detoxification capability of PCDD/Fs on extracted and nonextracted fly ash for loading of 130 and 264 ng/0.4 g of fly ash at 340 °C made 96 and 98%, respectively.

7. R. Grabic, V. Pekárek, J. Ullrich: EFFECT OF REACTION TIME ON FORMATION OF PCB, PCDD AND PCDF IN THE SYSTEM CONTAINING EXTRACTED FLY ASH, COPPER CHLORIDE, ACTIVATED CARBON, OXYGEN AND NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE. Organohalogen Compd. 46, 209-212, 2000.

8. V. Tydlitát, V. Pekárek, Stellan Marklund, R. Grabic: PERSISTENTNÍ ORGANICKÉ LÁTKY V MOTOROVÝCH EMISÍCH PŘI POUŽITÍ OLOVNATÉHO BENZINU A RŮZNÝCH OLEJŮ. Ochrana ovzduší 6, 4-7, 2000.

9. V. Pekárek, R. Grabic, S. Marklund, M. Punčochář, J. Ullrich: EFFECTS OF OXYGEN ON FORMATION OF PCBS AND PCDD/F ON THE EXTRACTED MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATOR FLY ASH IN THE PRESENCE OF CARBON AND CUPRIC SALT. Chemosphere, 43, 4-7, 777-782, 2001

   Abstract:
   The effect of oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere (N₂ + 10%O₂ N₂ + 1%O₂ and 99.999% N₂) on formation of PCB, PCDD and PCDF by the de novo synthetic reactions in the system consisting of extracted fly ash (from municipal waste incinerators - MWI), activated carbon, CuCl₂ .2H₂O and NaCl at 340 °C was studied. The content of PCDD/F for systems with 10% O₂, 1% O₂ and 99.999% N₂ was decreasing and corresponded to 17304, 5544, and 1437 ng/sample. In all studied systems the isomer OCDD/F was prevailing. The content of PCBs in the same system was also decreasing from 1214 to 166 ng/g. Formation of nonortho PCB was relatively high compared to the system where only nitrogen was present. The possible mechanism of formation is outlined.