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Hydrodynamics and Chemistry of Incineration
Research project
- Power combustion of wastes and biomass (M. Punčochář, supported by GAČR, grant No. 104/97/S002, see Department of Reaction Engineering in Gas Phase, Final report (in Czech))
- Cleaning of underground water by coal based sorbents (M. Punčochář, supported by GA Ministry of the Environment of the Czech republic, grant No VaV 550/1/99)
Calcium loaded coal is used for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from underground water. Lignite loaded by calcium is an effective ion-exchanger. Coal with metal and organic pollutants is combusted in a fluidized bed with simultaneous capture of fly ash and flue gas pollutants.
- Continuous pilot plant equipment for detoxification of persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PCDD/Fs) in fly ash, carbon absorbers and soils (v. Pekárek, supported by GA Czech Acad. Sci., grant No.A4072901)
Supported by ASCR grants for 4 years, dehalogenation of org. compounds on incinerator fly ash has been studied, using hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB Delor 103), dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF). The knowledge of the dehalogenation mechanism has led to a synthetic ash , the patent protection of which is under way. The high dehalogenating efficiency of the ash was proved on laboratory scale by dehalogenation of Delor in oil and on solid phase. A continuous dehalogenation equipment with a capacity of 30-120 kg/day has been designed. The subject of the project is the manufacture of this unit and its testing for:
- Detoxification of Delor in oils and in solids
- detoxification of fly ash from municipal waste incinerators (PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs)
- detoxification of contaminated soils and sediments
- detoxification of carboneous components used in MWI absorbers
- Deactivation of fly ash as a catalyst in de novo synthetic reactions producing persistent organic pollutants (POP) (V. Pekarek, supported by GA ASCR, grant No. S 4072206)
On the basis of the knowledge of the dehalogenation and de novo synthetic reactions occurring in the gaseous phase at the fly ash microparticles, to search for a solution of the problem of deactivation of the catalytic activity of fly ashes at temperatures over those required for the de novo syntheses. The formation of polychlorinated benzenes is a model for verification of the fly ash catalytic activity; congener analyses for PCB, PCDD and PCDF will be carried out if catalyst deactivation is successful. Test de novo syntheses will be performed in a flow-through laboratory instrumentation using model synthetic fly ashes that have been investigated previously under conditions corresponding to the technology of incinerators in the presence of about 10 % vol. of oxygen. The prospective experiments will be extended to the oil combustion under pilot plant conditions and possibly also to a 100 kW fluid incinerator that is available at the applicant institution.
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