Department of geomechanics and mining research
Personnel
|
|
Main research topics
The department investigates natural and anthropogenic impacts on geomechanical processes in the Earth crust. The problems of underground mining, underground civil engineering, some geotechnical and geomechanical problems and the problems of underground space ventilation are solved both for obtaining scientific results and solving practical problems. Solution of stability of natural and artificial underground openings serves to ensure safe operational conditions.
- Investigation of stress and strain states in rock mass
The research concerns space distribution, magnitude and orientation of natural and induced stress fields in relation to geology, tectonic situation, anthropogenic activities in rock mass and analysis of stress state manifestation. Research is aimed at investigation of real rock mass stress field and its changes by hydrofracturig, use of conical gauge probe and gauge rock bolt measuring; geomechanical monitoring, measurement of underground opening deformation and analysis of the stability states; application of mathematical models in geomechanics and geotechnics for investigation of processes in rocks and soils from the engineering point of view; dynamical geomechanical events in rock mass; influence of geological and anthropogenic underground activity on subsidence of the Earth surface.
- Investigation of reinforcing methods and aimed adjustment of the rock mass properties
The research concerns distribution, magnitude and orientation of natural and induced stress fields in relation to geology, tectonic situation, anthropogenic activities in rock mass and analysis of stress state manifestation. Research is aimed at investigation of real rock mass stress field and its changes by hydrofracturig, conical gauge probe and gauge rock bolt measuring; geomechanical monitoring, measurement of underground opening deformation and analysis of the stability states; application of mathematical models in geomechanics and geotechnics for investigation of processes in rocks and soils from the engineering point of view; dynamical geomechanical events in rock mass; influence of anthropogenic underground activity on subsidence of the Earth surface.
- Investigation of air flow in underground openings
Mathematical modelling of gas flow in specific conditions. Computation of ventilation in the underground galleries optionally with the use of machine cooling. Modelling and calculation of spreading of the combustion products of mine fire in mine gallery system. Modelling of mine fire expansion in goaf. Modelling of gas flow in spoil banks.
- Destress blasting in rock mass and the evaluation of its effect
Destress blasting is the most important active rockburst measure in the Czech part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Destress blasting is carried out in the coal seam and its adjacent rocks in overburden and/or in the underlying rocks. Evaluation of efficiency of destress blasting in sense of stress release in rock massive is important part of rockburst prevention. Present system of the efficiency evaluation is assessed on the basis of seismological monitoring. The research is focused on usable parameters from seismological monitoring (registered seismic energy, magnitude, maximum volume changes in focal area), natural conditions and technical parameters of realized destress blasting.
Important scientific achievements
- Improving of rock mass properties by grouting means
Collection of knowledge of the methods and results of goal-directed influencing of rock mass properties by chemical grouts have been investigated. Particularly increasing of safety level and stability of underground openings in the conditions of increased static and dynamic stress have been studied. Especially reinforcing of the low strength but brittle layers of a rock mass around underground openings is characterized by qualitative modification of the deformational properties of arising geocomposites. It vents itself in considerable increasing of cohesion and rise of residual strength over the ultimate strength of rock material. Likewise, by using suitably chosen grouts, it is possible to treat existing joint system in rock mass and to guarantee increased cohesion even in the case of significant deformations or to reach (in macro-dimension) a rehabilitation of material strength even up to original strength of the intact material. The real verifications of the methods and technologies of rock mass reinforcing by chemical grouts were done by in-situ experiments in coal mines. The field experiments document real possibility and effectivity of chemical grouting for goal-directed material improvement of rock mass properties in practice. Especially good reinforcing was achieved in combination with the anchoring elements.
- Induced stress field on the background of primary stress
influenced by structural - geological inhomogenitiesThe unique set of stress measurements in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian basin has been extended. The direction of the major principal stress parallely approaches the geological structures, i.e. the tectonical faults but also the folding structures. The major principal stress in average achieves the value of the overburden load, the minor principal stress is 0.5 - 0.6 multiple of it. We created the large 3D mathematical model of the area containing detailed information about the mining and geological situation in the 2nd block of the CSM Colliery The verifications of hypotheses for clarification of the stress field distribution in the area proved that the distribution of horizontal stress in the area in the depth of 1 km under the surface is primarily induced by overburden load and formed by the structural and geomechanical properties of the area. The additional part of the stress caused by shift of the Carpatian napes has not been verified in the whole analyzed area. The influence is only acceptable in the east part of the monitored area adjacent to the Tesin fault. For measurement of the induced stress changes by overcoring method, a prototype of an equipment was developed, which is unique in the Czech Republic. The main idea is based on application of the conical tensometric head, which makes the measurement of whole stress tensor in a single position possible. Wireless recording simplifies and facilitates to observe the process of overcoring. The simplified variant of the probe is applicable for long time monitoring of stress changes as well.
- Mathematical modelling of mine fire effect on air flow and propagating
of mine fire products within mine ventilation networkIn spite of big expansion of security interlocking and measurement technologies as well as development of application of materials with considerably reduced inflammability a potential rise of mine fire in any place of underground mine cannot be excluded. The rise of mine fire is very dangerous for mine personnel not only due to developing and propagating of mine fire products containing toxic substances which are entrained into other mine workings, but also due to the fact that changes in quantity and direction of volumetric air flow within mine ventilation network occur by thermal effect of heat generated by mine fire. Main aim of the project was development of mathematical model, which will explain the impact of mine fire on air flow and on propagation of mine fire products within mine ventilation network. The mathematical model was elaborated in form of computer programme with synoptic graphic editor for representing of ventilation branches and their basic parameters such as volumetric through-flow, depression, temperatures, chemical composition of the mine air.
- New methods of prognosis of surface subsidence affected by underground
exploitation of ore vein deposits of Rozna typeA prognosis of development of subsidence depressions above ore veín deposits of slab-like type with solid adjacent rocks (deposits of Rozna type) mined by underground method is a very specific problem and it has not been satisfactorily solved until now. In connection with long-term surveying observations a newly conceived mechanism of genesis of subsidence depression above uranium deposit of Rožná was described. Based on it, a geomechanical model of deposit situation is elaborated which then enables by means of mathematical modelling of surface subsidence development to predict of development of subsidence depression both in phase of deposit mining and in period after termination of mining works.
- Collection of knowledge of rockbursts in coal mines and the means
for minimization of their impactsKnowledge of main causes of rockbursts were collected and analyzed on the base of detailed study of the rockbursts in Ostrava-Karvina coal basin from 1989 and by means of mathematical modelling. The means for improvement of dynamic bearing capacity of support in exposed part of mine for minimization of eventual rockburst demonstration were studied. Proposal of the prevention measures for decreasing risk was partly supplemented into new decree No. 659/04 Sb. issued by the Czech Mining Authority and partly into the other legislative changes in Working rules and Methodical principles.
- Evaluation of effectiveness of rock blasting for stress release in rock massif (monograph)
Rock burst is one of very dangerous phenomenon in Czech part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). Destress rock blasting in overlaying strata belongs to the most important measures. The main goal of that measure is disintegration of competent rock in overlaying strata and due to it the stress release in the vicinity of excavated coal seam. Qualify and quantify stress release is very important in evaluation of rockburst prevention. The monograph sums up existing knowledge in destress blasting in conditions of USCB. The most common method of evaluation of release effect based on seismic monitoring data is described. Seismic effect is calculated as ratio of registered seismic energy to theoretic energy released by explosive during blasting. Contemporary system of seismic effect evaluation is discussed. The relevant data obtained from seismological monitoring in period from 2000 to 2008 were analyzed. On the basis of analyzed data (about 900 destress blasting) a new (verify) system of release effect evaluation is proposed. The new system use registered seismic energy and magnitude. On the basis of statistic analysis of data set of destress blasting is new system of evaluation of seismic effect is presented.
Selected publications
- H. Dolezalova, V. Kajzar, K. Soucek, L. Stas: Evaluation of mining subsidence using GPS data. Acta geodynamica et geomaterialia, 2009, Roc. 6, c. 3, s. 359-367. ISSN 1214-9705.
- P. Horyl, R. Snuparek: Rockbolts as reinforcing elements under dynamic impact of rokbursts. In Proceedings of the International Symposium SINOROCK 2009. Hongkong : The University of Hongkong, 2009. S. 1-4. ISBN 978-962-8014-17-0.
- P. Janas, R. Snuparek, V. Krejsa, M. Krejsa: Pravdepodobnostni pristup k navrhovani kotevni vyztuze podzemnich del. Tunel, 2009, Roc. 18, c. 4, s. 37-43. ISSN 1211-0728.
- V. Kajzar, H. Dolezalova, K. Soucek, L. Stas: Analyza vodorovnych pohybu v prubehu vyvoje poklesove kotliny. Sbornik vedeckych praci Vysoke skoly banske - Technicke univerzity Ostrava, 2009, Roc. 9, c. 2, s. 75-80. ISSN 1213-1962.
- L. Stas, V. Kajzar, H. Dolezalova, K. Soucek, L. Smetanova, L. Georgiovska: GPS monitoring of subsidence depression progress on undermined area. In Nowoczesne metody eksploatacji węgla i skał zwięzłych. Monografia. Krakow : University of Science and Technology AGH, Krakow, 2009. S. 99-106. ISBN 83-915742-10.
- P. Konicek, A. Kozusnikova (ed.): Hodnoceni ucinnosti bezvylomovych trhacich praci. 1. Ostrava : Ustav geoniky AV CR, 2009. 130 s. (Documenta Geonica : 1). ISBN 978-80-86407-63-0.
- P. Konicek, J. Ptacek, A. Przeczek: Seismic effect of destress rock blasting. In Gornicze zagrozenia naturalne 2009 /16./ 4/2.. Katowice : Glowny Instytut Gornictwa, 2009. S. 110-119. ISSN 1643-7608.
- A. Przeczek, P. Konicek: Metodyka strzelań nieproduktywnych w profilaktyce tąpaniowej. In Gornicze zagrozenia naturalne 2009 /16./ 4/2.. Katowice : Glowny Instytut Gornictwa, 2009. S. 247-266. ISSN 1643-7608.
- J. Ptacek, R. Grygar, P. Konicek, K. Soucek, L. Stas, P. Waclawik: Development of stess-strain fields based on paleostress analysis and recent stres-masurement in the Czech part of Upper Silesian Coal basin. In 7th Meeting of the Central European Tectonic Studies Group. Pecs : Central European Tectonic Studies Group - CETeG, 2009.s. 56-56. ISSN N.
- J. Ptacek, R. Grygar, P. Konicek, K. Soucek, L. Stas, P. Waclawik: Verification of Recent-Stress-Strain in Czech part of Upper Silesian Coal basin. In Documenta Geonica 2009 2.. Ostrava : Ustav geoniky AV CR, 2009. S. 181-189. ISBN 978-80-86407-72-2.
- K. Soucek, L. Stas: Laboratory research of sealing possibilities of cohesionless soils by means of chemical grouts. In AMIREG 2009 /3./ International Conference: Assessing the Footprint of Resource Utilization and Hazardous Waste Management. Ateny : Heliootopos Conferences Ltd, 2009. S. 394-399. ISBN N.
- K. Soucek, L. Stas: Mereni propustnosti geokompozitu na ortogonalnich zkusebnich telesech. In Zpevnovani, tesneni a kotveni horninoveho masivu a stavebnich konstrukci 2009. Ostrava : VSB-TUO, 2009. S. 120-126. ISBN 978-80-248-1958-7.
- R. Snuparek: Soucasne vyhledy a tendence v oblasti metod zajistovani porubnich chodeb v uhelnych dolech. In Zpevnovani, tesneni a kotveni horninoveho masivu a stavebnich konstrukci 2009. Ostrava : VSB-TUO, 2009. S. 1-9. ISBN 978-80-248-1958-7.
- P. Dvorsky, R. Snuparek: Deformace horninoveho masivu pri pouziti svornikove vyztuze chodeb. In Geotechnika 2008. Konstrukcie, technologie a monitoring /12./. Stupava : Orgware, 2008. S. 395-402. ISBN 978-80-248-1850-4.
- J. Chura, Z. Michalec, V. Zotyka: Vypocet mikroklimatickych podminek v separatne vetranych dulnich dilech programem "Separat". Uhli, rudy, geologicky pruzkum, 2008, Roc. 56, c. 2, s. 15-20. ISSN 1210-7697.
- J. Knejzlik, Z. Rambousky, K. Soucek, L. Stas: Second generation of conical strain gauge probe for stress measurement in rock massif. Acta geodynamica et geomaterialia, 2008, Roc. 5, c. 3, s. 1-9. ISSN 1214-9705.
- P. Konecny, J. Ptacek: Nektere poznatky vyplyvajici z matematickeho modelovani napetovych pomeru pro projektovani porubnich bloku. Uhli, rudy, geologicky pruzkum, 2008, Roc. 15, c. 6, s. 29-33. ISSN 1210-7697.
- P. Martinec, D. Dvorak, A. Kolcun, J. Malik, B. Schejbalova, L. Stas, R. Snuparek, Z. Vasicek: Geologicke prostredi a geotechnicke vlastnosti pokryvu karbonu ceske casti hornoslezske panve. Ostrava : Ustav geoniky AV CR Ostrava, 2008. 148 s. ISBN 978-80-86407-54-8.
- K. Soucek, L. Stas, J. Scucka, P. Martinec: Chemical grouting – laboratory study of chemical grouts and geocomposites properties. In International Conference of IACMAG/12./. Goa: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 2008. S. 3567-3574.
- L. Stas, K. Soucek, J. Knejzlik, P. Waclawik, L. Palla: Measurement of stress change tensor by conical gauge probe. In International Conference of IACMAG/12./. Goa: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 2008. S. 1397-1404.
- L. Stas, K. Soucek, J. Knejzlik, Z. Nohejl, T. Rutar, L. Palla, P. Waclawik: Measurement of stress tensor and stress changes induced by progress of long wall. In Prace naukowe GIG, Mining and Environment 7.. Katowice : Zespol Wydawnictwi i Uslug Poligraficznych GIG, 2008. S. 245-258. ISSN 1643-7608.
- R. Blaheta, P. Byczanski, R. Snuparek, A. Hajek: Geomechanical problems of an underground storage of spent nuclear fuel and their mathematic modelling. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 2007, Roc. 12, c. 1, s. 140-146. ISSN 1335-1788.
- J. Holecko, P. Konicek: Selected geological factors impacting effects of induced seismicity on surface in conditions of Ostrava-Karvina coalfield in the Czech Republic. In Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM 2007) /11./ Proceedings. The Second Half Century of Rock Mechanics.. Londyn : ISRM, 2007. S. 1177-1184. ISBN 978-0-415-45084-3.
- P. Horyl, R. Snuparek: Behaviour of steel arch supports under dynamic effects of rockbursts. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. Transactions. Section A: Mining Industry, 2007, Roc. 116, c. 3, s. 119-128. ISSN 0371-7844.
- L. Sitek, K. Soucek, J. Foldyna, J. Scucka, L. Stas: Utilization of abrasive water jet for shaping of test specimens from geomaterials. In Nowoczesne metody eksploatacji węgla i skał zwięzłych. Monografia. Krakow : AGH, 2007. S. 119-134. ISBN 83-915742-9-6.
- K. Soucek, L. Stas, R. Snuparek, I. Kroutilova: Laboratory testing of chemical grouting effects in rocks. In Underground space the 4th Dimension of Metropolises. Proceedings of the 33rd ITA-AITES World Tunnel congress. Leiden : Balkema, 2007. S. 353-358. ISBN 978-0-415-40802-8.
- L. Stas, K. Soucek, J. Knejzlik: Conical borehole strain gauge probe applied to induced rock stress changes measurement. In 12th International Congress on Energy and Mineral Resources. Proceedings. Tuneles, construcion y ohra civil. IV.1.. Oviedo : Consejo superior de celegios de ingenieros de minias, 2007. S. 507-516. ISBN 978-84-8367-070-5.
- L. Stas, K. Soucek, J. Knejzlik, L. Palla, P. Waclawik: First experiences of rock stress changes measurement by conical gauge probe. In Nowoczesne metody eksploatacji węgla i skał zwięzłych. Monografia. Krakow : AGH, 2007. S. 143-154. ISBN 83-915742-9-6.
- L. Stas, K. Soucek, J. Knejzlik: First results of conical borehole strain gaugage probes applied to induced rock mass stress changes measurement. Acta geodynamica et geomaterialia, 2007, 4 148, c. 4, s. 77-82. ISSN 1214-9705.
- J. Scucka, K. Soucek: Stavba a vlastnosti geokompozitnich materialu s polyuretanovymi pojivy (metody, postupy a vysledky laboratorniho a in situ studia v UGN AV CR). Ostrava : Ustav geoniky AV CR, v.v.i, 2007. 247 s. (Documenta Geonica : 2007/1). ISBN 978-80-86407-15-9.
- R. Snuparek: Vyzkum, vyvoj a projektovani podzemnich staveb v zastavenem uzemi. Tunel, 2007, Roc. 16, c. 2, s. 50-52. ISSN 1211-0728.
- R. Grygar, J. Ptacek, P. Waclawik: Nasunove deformace variskeho akrecniho klinu ve vychodni casti karvinske dilci panve. In Documenta geonica 2006. 6. cesko-polska konference "Geologie hornoslezske panve".. Ostrava : Ustav geoniky AV CR, 2006. s. 45-51. ISBN 80-86407-10-1.
- P. Konecny, J. Ptacek, B. Petr: Nejdulezitejsi vysledky reseni projektu CBU c.22/2003 Vedeni dulnich del ve vlivu pridatnych napeti v okoli ochrannych piliru jam a prekopu v dolech s nebezpecim otresu. Uhli, rudy, geologicky pruzkum, 2006, Roc. 54, c. 4, s. 27-31. ISSN 1210-7697.
- P. Konicek, P. Dvorsky, C. Bonczek, A. Przeczek: Profilatyka tąpaniowa w warunkach regionu Ostrawsko-Karwińskiego (OKR). In Gornicze zagrozenia naturalne 2006 /13./. Katowice : Glowny Instytut gornictwa, 2006. S. 117-128. ISBN 83-87610-87-9.
- I. Kroutilova, L. Matejka, A. Sikora, K. Soucek, L. Stas: Curing of epoxy systems at sub-glass transition temperature. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006, Roc. 99, c. 6, s. 3669-3676. ISSN 0021-8995.
- K. Soucek, L. Stas, Y. Obara, D. Fukahori: Chemical grouts influence on mechanical properties of coal - Laboratory research. In Proccedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Mineral Resources Management and Environmental Geotechnology (AMIREG 2006). Athens : Heliotopos Conference, 2006. s. 517-522. ISBN 960-89228-1-X.
- R. Snuparek, L. Stas, K. Soucek, V. Zeman, L. Schellong, P. Horyl, P. Janas: Hlavni vysledky reseni Projektu CBU c.34/2003 "Opatreni ke zvyseni odolnosti porubnich chodeb a chodeb v predpoli porubu proti deformacnim ucinkum otresu". Uhli, rudy, geologicky pruzkum, 2006, Roc. 54, c. 2, s. 29-33. ISSN 1210-7697.
- R. Snuparek, L. Stas, K. Soucek, V. Zeman, P. Horyl, P. Janas: Vysledky reseni Projektu CBU c.34/2003 "Opatreni ke zvyseni odolnosti porubnich chodeb a chodeb v predpoli porubu proti deformacnim ucinkum otresu". In Sbornik prednasek 2. konference o vyzkumu a vyvoji ve SBS CR zamerena na bezpecnost prace v hornictvi. Praha : CBU, 2006. s. 45-60.
- R. Snuparek, L. Stas, K. Soucek, V. Zeman, L. Schellong: Vyzkum vlastnosti uhelnych geokompozitu. Uhli, rudy, geologicky pruzkum, 2006, Roc. 54, c. 10, s. 35-39. ISSN 1210-7697.