The páramo environment is characterized by a permanent growing season, pronounced daily fluctuation of temperature, regular occurrence of night frosts, and limited availability of moisture. Páramo plants present a number of physiological and morphological adaptations to resist the night-time freezing temperatures and occassional water shortages. Some of these adaptations evolved in response to the selective pressure of the páramo environment while other adaptations were already present in the ancestors of the páramo species before their migration to the equatorial Andes.
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© A. Kučerová