Teorie vědy (časopis pro teorii vědy, techniky a komunikace)
2003
ročník XII /XXV/  
č. 3

Obsah:

7-30

Jean-Jacques Salomon: Science and War
         31-44

Josef A. Mestenhauser: Production, Utilization and Transfer of Knowledge

in Global Context
         45-58

Arthur M. Harkins: Re-Missioning Higher Education for Knowledge and Innovation:

Supporting the Leadership Roles of All Individuals
         59-76

Anna Vysoká: Towards the Knowledge Society in the Czech Republic:

The New Knowledge Production in the Czech Public University
         77-106

Ivan Tchalakov: Joseph Schumpeter rethought: the classic ideas on the innovations in non-exchange economy at light of some resent studies of the

communist economy
107-120

Štefan Zajac: Corporate demand for research and development in Slovakia
121-140

Karel Mráček: Tax Incentives as a Tool of Indirect Support of Research and Development

   ZPRÁVY-NEWS

141-148

Adolf Filáček

RECORD

Recognising Central and Eastern European Centres of RTD:

Perspectives for the European Research Area (ERA)

149

Petr Machleidt
Technology Assessment in Europe, Between Method and Impact

 

 

Jean-Jacques Salomon
Science and War
7-30

 

Abstract

 

The paper deals with three main aspects of the relationships between science and war:  what are the new features in the relationship between science and warfare; what is the resulting new but ambiguous role plaid by scientists in their connection to the military-industrial complex  and what are the implications of such role. History brought closer  and closer association between scientists and the military. Some of the scientists embody two roles, two visions of the «ethics of knowledge» whose swinging between conviction and responsibility signals the fateful  dimensions of the scientific double bind. Often what drives scientists into war engagement is irresistible pleasure of research, „the complex of technical sweetness“ that, in turn, brings fear into the human practice. To overcome this practice is a challenge for future.

 

 

Josef A. Mestenhauser
Production, Utilization and Transfer of Knowledge in Global Context
31-44

 

Abstract

 

The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe six major barriers to the creation of a future oriented global knowledge and innovation society. In order to get from the present to this future, it will be necessary to re-formulate higher education and develop and implement a plan for its reform. The debate about such change has not yet happened. Instead many universities are engaged in international projects in fragments and educate their students to think they learn intellectual skills of critical thinking, reasoning, comparing and problem-solving when in reality they perform these skills on a low level of functioning. What distinguishes first order of intellectual skills from the higher, second, order is conscious control over one’s thoughts. Thus in addition to the knowledge about change we must also develop knowledge about knowledge. International education is a field that can make a major contribution to the development of the globally thinking and future oriented knowledge and innovation society.

 

 

Arthur M. Harkins
Re-Missioning Higher Education for Knowledge and Innovation:

Supporting the Leadership Roles of All Individuals
45-58

 

Abstract

 

Universities wishing to serve advanced economies and societies will be required to support knowledge-based continuous innovation.  The mission of such universities will be to develop and support people capable of everyday knowledge creation, invention, and continuous innovation.  A fourth mission element will be the construction of programs supporting massively distributed leadership based on ubiquitous individualism.  The phase, “societies of one” recognizes systems capable of creating and managing continuously accelerating change and complexity at the personal as well as the collective level.

 

 

Anna Vysoká
Towards the Knowledge Society in the Czech Republic:

The New Knowledge Production in the Czech Public University
59-76

 

Abstract

 

The inner logic of the ongoing systematic socio-economic and cultural transformation in the Czech Republic is driven by one major world megatrend: the creation of a knowledge-based society (Provaznik et al., 1998). To translate this trend into an educational policy, a key role has been ascribed to the system of higher education. The newly formulated national policy intends to not only advance the implementation and creation of the knowledge society, but also to substantially increase the share and quality of knowledge production (i.e., basic and applied research) in higher education (Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport, 2000).  By combining Gibbons et al.’s (1994) influential analysis of the changing nature of knowledge production in academic as well as non-academic sites with Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff’s (1997) knowledge creation model of a Triple Helix structure of university-industry-government, I will analyze the current knowledge production in the Czech public universities.

 

 

Ivan Tchalakov
Joseph Schumpeter rethought: the classic ideas on the innovations in non-exchange economy at light of some resent studies of the communist economy
77-106

 

Abstract

 

The paper attempts to question some of the stereotypes in the perception of the economic system of socialism and subsequent period of transition to capitalism. The perspective chosen is that of economies’ potential to incorporate (technological) innovations, and the theoretical positions from which this problem is approached are the ideas of great Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter. The author summarizes the Schumpeter’s model of economic development and elucidates its implicit theory of development in non-market economy. Then it is juxtaposed with findings on real functioning of socialist administrative economies (Kornai, Revol). It also points to the possible links between Schumpeter ideas and recent analysis of innovation in late capitalism (actor-network theory in particular), which through light to the intimate mechanisms of (mal) functioning of administrative economies and some of the failures of post-socialist transition in (South) Eastern Europe.

 

 

Štefan Zajac
Corporate demand for research and development in Slovakia
107-120

 

Abstract

 

The long-term process of the corporate research and development (hereafter referred to as “R&D“) transformation in Slovakia should be divided into two different phases:

1. The corporate R&D transformation under the conditions of the general systemic transformation in the former Czechoslovakia from 1989 - 1992,

2. The corporate R&D transformation under the conditions of the general systemic transformation in the independent Slovak Republic from 1993 up to now.

The results of the first phase were presented elsewhere (Zajac (1998)). Thus, this   paper is devoted to the second phase of transformation. Paper is organised as follows. In the first part, a general economic context in Slovakia is described. The second part outlines recent developments in corporate R&D. In the third part, corporate R&D activities, based on results of the Innovation Survey, are analysed. Finally, the brief conclusions and recommendations are outlined.

 

Karel Mráček
Tax Incentives as a Tool of Indirect Support of Research and Development
121-140

 

Abstract

 

The article discusses present trends and issues of tax incentives to the support of research and development in the EU and OECD countries. It is focused on the analysis and evaluation of goals and aims of employment of tax stimuli for research, their advantages and disadvantages, their effects, possibilities of their monitoring, types of tax relief and particular tax treatments of business oriented research and development. This method of support of research and development is in the Czech Republic practically absent. Tax instruments and other tools of indirect support of research and development are in the CR still a subject of numerous discussions. As competitive pressures grow, governments need to employ a mix of direct and indirect R and D mechanisms including tax incentives. Respecting perspective targets and intentions and according to existing development and experience in EU and OECD countries we can expect that in the future tax incentives will still play an important role in support of research and innovation activities and creation of pro-innovation environment.

 

ZPRÁVY-NEWS

Adolf Filáček
RECORD

Recognising Central and Eastern European Centres of RTD:

Perspectives for the European Research Area (ERA)

141-148

 

Petr Machleidt
Technology Assessment in Europe, Between Method and Impact

149