The pursuit of the second-generation spintronics has been focused on harnessing coherent spin states and their dynamics in metals and semiconductors. The salient examples of phenomena involving both coherent spins and their time evolution is the spin-transfer torque and its reciprocal effect, termed spin pumping because it occurs in the absence on any bias voltage, where microwave driven precessing magnetization of a single ferromagnetic (FM) layer emits pure spin current into adjacent normal metal (N) layers. (více ...)
