Sociologický ústav AV ČR, v.v.i.

Marek Skovajsa: Editorial [554]

Jiří Přibáň: Úvodní slovo k tematickému bloku [560]

Jiří Přibáň: Tradice, kodifikace a interpretace občanského a etnického pojetí národa: úvaha o časové dimenzi ústavnosti a ústavním symbolismu [563]

Jacek Kurczewski: Továrna na právo. Otázka politické reprezentace v polské Třetí republice [583]

Zoltán Fleck: Architekti demokracie [601]

Silvia Capíková: Medzi poriadkom a chaosom: právo v období post-komunistickej transformácie na Slovensku [617]

Joanna Kurczewska: Polská sociologie – od „října“ do „června“ (1956–1989) [641]

Abstract: Based on a systematic study of Polish sociological literature produced in the period stretching between the elevation of Wladyslaw Gomulka to the post of the Party’s first secretary in October 1956 to the first free elections in Poland in June 1989, the author of this article offers an account of the main dilemmas and the varieties of pluralism in Polish sociology during the state socialist era. The author claims that, with the exception of the Stalinist period, Polish sociologists always occupied diverse positions on ‘government’ and ‘society’, but this diversity yielded to change in response to a particular time. Generally, in 1956–1989 Polish sociology was something unique in comparison with sociology in other so-called people’s democracies, as it had a considerably high status in the country and in the world, including the West. The author argues that Polish sociology did not have to undergo a revolution in 1989 and make the move from Marxist to bourgeois sociology, as since 1956 (or even earlier, since 1945) it had been undergoing continuous change and constant reform (in theoretical domain and concerning its division into sub-disciplines) and maintained a consistent level of diversity in various respects.

Vera Szabari: Krátké dějiny maďarské sociologie v letech 1948–1989 [659]

Abstract: The article offers a brief account of the history of Hungarian sociology during four decades of communist rule in Hungary. Beginning with the brief existence of the first department of sociology in Hungary (the ‘Szalai Institute’, 1946–1948) the author describes the field in the 1950s, when for political reasons sociology was marginalised to the point of extinction. The revival of sociology in Hungary during the 1960s is devoted considerable attention from an institutional, a personal and a doctrinal point of view. The author analyses the main branches of study in Hungarian sociology at the time, including critical sociology and the study of social stratification, which overcame the rigidity of official Marxist-Leninist doctrine. She characterises the last two decades of state socialism in Hungary as a period when sociology both suffered from increased political repression (stronger in the early 1970s than later) and at the same time became more and more professional. She argues that a determining feature of the history of Hungarian sociology between 1948 and 1989 was its strong connection to politics. However, sociology and politics had a mutual influence on one another during this period, as sociology also had an impact on the way Communist Party officials approached the structure of Hungarian society. In the process, sociology evolved and was professionalised, enabling its existence as an autonomous discipline today.

Jarosław Kilias: „Někerej Maďar taky za to nemůže, že je Maďar”: o sociologickém popisu národní identifikace [675]

Abstract: This article discusses the topic of national identification. The author’s aim is to define the appropriate conceptual framework for describing nationality, while taking into account the pluralistic character of the nation and the related contextual and multi-levelled nature of national identification. In the author’s view, the concept of ‘identification’ more accurately applies to individual nationality than the category of identity does, owing to the latter’s undesirable subjectivism, methodological individualism, and its occasional references to an over-intellectualised concept of the individual. Scientists who use the second of these two terms tend, moreover, to conflate descriptions of individual and collective phenomena. In an effort to substantiate and elaborate his arguments the author draws on the Good Soldier Švejk by Jaroslav Hašek and presents an analysis of the national identification of the novel’s multi-national protagonists. He demonstrates that national identification is multi-levelled and variable, depending on particular situations and institutional frameworks. The author’s description shows that the best method of analysing individual nationality may be by examining the individual’s set of social roles and institutions rather than describing individual identifications.