Nevyvážené vztahy. Československo a Rakousko. 1918-1933

Nevyvážené vztahy. Československo a Rakousko 1918-1933 Jaké byly vztahy mezi Československem a Rakouskem v meziválečné době? Co je ovlivňovalo a jak je vnímali aktéři těchto vztahů – politikové a diplomaté na obou stranách? Těmto otázkám se věnuje kniha Nevyvážené vztahy. Československo a Rakousko 1918-1933. Ve třech hlavních kapitolách jsou zkoumány dezintegrační procesy, vedoucí k ustavení dvou suverénních států, formování vzájemných vztahů počátkem dvacátých let a nakonec rozdílné představy o střední Evropě a o vlastním místě v tomto regionu a v Evropě obecně. Přestože mezi politickými elitami obou států sotva existovala jazyková či kulturní bariéra, přes řadu společných zájmů i přes řadu kontaktů, schůzek a rozhovorů se nikdy nepodařilo vytvořit skutečné spojenectví mezi oběma zeměmi. Kniha názorně ukazuje, že důvodem byly rozdílná pojetí státu, mocenská nerovnováha, odlišné zahraničněpolitické styly a rétorika i odlišná pojetí střední Evropy. Představy o vzájemné spolupráci se proto často rozcházely a návrhy užšího spojenectví přicházely, pokud vůbec, v takové době i v takové podobě, které byly pro druhou stranu většinou nepřijatelné. Ota Konrád (nar. 1973 v Havlíčkové Brodě) působí v Masarykově ústavu a Archivu AV ČR a na Institutu mezinárodních studií FSV UK. Věnuje se dějinám českých Němců, dějinám vědy a univerzit. Publikoval řadu studií v odborných časopisech a sbornících. Nejnověji vydal monografie Dějepisectví, germanistika a slavistika na Německé univerzitě v Praze 1918-1945, Praha 2011, a Německé bylo srdce monarchie…Rakušanství, němectví a střední Evropa v rakouské historiografii mezi válkami, Praha 2011.

OBSAH: ÚVOD. VÝZKUM ZAHRANIČNÍ POLITIKY A HISTORIOGRAFIE,.

DEZINTEGRACE. ČESKOSLOVENSKO A NĚMECKÉ RAKOUSKO 1918–1919.

SBLIŽOVÁNÍ. FORMOVÁNÍ BILATERÁLNÍCH VZTAHŮ 1919–1922.

INTEGRACE? RAKOUSKO, ČESKOSLOVENSKO A STŘEDOEVROPSKÉ PLÁNY 1918–1933.

“Nevyvážené vztahy. Československo a Rakousko 1918–1933” (Unbalanced relations. Czechoslovakia and Austria in 1918– 1933) is a monograph examining bilateral relations from the viewpoint of the cultural history of politics concept.  e topic is addressed with in three major chapters.  e fi rst chapter is dedicated to the disintegration of a state unit and the formation of new states, i. e. to the period between October 1918 and September 1919 when the Treaty of Saint Germain was signed. Since November 1918 two national-state programmes, which excluded each other and were asymmetric in both their content and time frame, existed on the territory of the Alpine and Czech lands. In this „confl ict of the right to self-determination” Czechoslovakia had indisputable advantages. One of them was the fact that the Czechoslovak national programme was not only drafted and agreed upon well before the German-Austrian one, but, owing to international activities of political circles of the victorious states, it was well-known and, at the end of the war, also acknowledged and accepted. Both political representations approached the fall of the monarchy and the formation of successor states with diff erent ideas and in structurally diff erent circumstances but in these months, they had also diff erent experiences that shaped the attitudes of politicians in ensuing years.  e diff erent perception was noticeable particularly in the experience with the peace conference. In September 1919, the peace agreement was signed, two independent states were founded and their bilateral relations commenced.  e book tracks the relations as a multi-layer process, not as a sequence of causally interlinked events. Since the very beginning that bilateral relations proved to be signifi - cantly asymmetric. Czechoslovakia demanded Austria pursue active policies that would suit Prague, i. e. policies maintaining the already established imbalance of power in mutual relations. Austrian foreign policy resisted the defi nite subordination to Prague, but it acknowledged the existence of this imbalance, which was, however, understood only as a temporary issue caused by the existing poor economic and fi nancial situation and the close relations of Czechoslovakia with France, or better to say, the presumed exclusive contacts of Beneš among top French, and more generally, Entente politicians. Interpretation of the development of mutual relations in the period between 1919 and 1922 allowed for the reconstruction of a pattern both in relations of power and mutual expectations that would form the nature of mutual relations as well as specifi c negotiations of politicians and diplomats of both countries. Czechoslovakia and Austria were key Central European countries and, as such, they naturally belonged to all Central European concepts aimed at regional integration. Central European politics, in which Czechoslovakia and Austria played a key role, were signifi cantly refl ected in the agenda of their mutual relations.  e interpretation is dealt with in the fi nal chapter, which to a greater extent than the two previous ones, leaves aside the descriptive element and focuses on characteristic features of refl ection of the „Central Europe topic”, i. e. various Central European plans in texts drafted by both Ministries of Foreign Aff airs.  e goal is to analyse the Austrian and Czechoslovak Central European discourse. Multi-layer asymmetry and the imbalance in mutual relations, which is analyzed by the present book, was the reason why no real alliance of Czechoslovakia and Austria was ever created. Even though in the environment of political elites of both these states no language or cultural barrier existed and there were many common interests and many contacts, meetings, negotiations and plans existed, politicians and diplomats forming the foreign policy of their countries spoke in diff erent languages and often did not understand one another.