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July 26, 2012 2:41 PM

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Exploding blue termites spew toxic goo in battle

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By

Wynne Parry

The picture shows a soldier, two white workers and two blue workers of the termite species Neocapritermes taracua. The two bluish spots high on the back of the abdomen of the two blue workers contain crystals that can produce drops of toxic liquid (LiveScience.om)

(LiveScience) One species of termite sends its older workers on suicide missions armed with explosive blue "backpacks."

When grabbed by another termite, a predator or a person with tweezers, these backpack-sporting termites, which the researchers call blue workers, rupture and spew a toxic, sticky substance, scientists have found.

The unfortunate workers from this species of tropical termite, Neocapritermes taracua, have two bluish spots visible on the backs of their abdomens. These spots contain crystals made of a copper-containing protein stored in two external "backpack" pouches, write the researchers.

The crystals react with the salivary gland secretions stored in their abdomens to create a droplet of toxic goo that can kill or paralyze worker termites from another species, Labiotermes labralis, an experiment revealed. [Video of Exploding Suicide Termites]

So-called white workers also have the salivary secretions but lack the blue crystals. These workers are less aggressive, slower to burst in battle and the substance they produce is not as effective against their enemies.

The researchers transplanted the crystals from blue workers onto white workers, and found the white workers became more deadly once they had the crystals.

They also determined that the blue workers were older by measuring the length of the edge of the termites' mandibles. Termites chew on wood and as they age their mandibles wear down. The larger the blue crystals on a termite, the more blunt its mandibles, the researchers found.

Among social insects like termites, the practice of sending older workers into battle is common, researcher Yves Roisin of Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium said in a podcast interview released by the journal Science, where this research is detailed.

"[Among] such insects of course the individual doesn't really count or it counts by the work it can actually do for the colony, and when they are old and probably less efficient they are more likely to sacrifice themselves," Roisin said.

However, the blue workers' suicide gear is highly unusual in the world of insect warfare, because the combination of blue crystals and salivary secretions make it a two-component system, Roisin said, adding that it is also exceptional that one component (the crystals) is carried outside of the body.

So far, the researchers have seen this behavior in this species only, but they hope to see if its relatives do something similar, he said.

The research appears in Friday's (July 27) issue of the journal Science.

Follow Wynne Parry on Twitter @Wynne_Parry or LiveScience @livescience. We're also on Facebook & Google+.

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Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Livescience.com. All rights reserved.

More from Livescience.com »

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by mecury69 July 27, 2012 10:08 AM EDT

Fascinating! Pretty cool stuff and we will see an explosion over the next few decades in bio-engineering. Chemical construction can surpass material construction in so many ways. Nothing man made can come close the strength and versatility of a spider's web fluid as an example. Great article.

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by Dreadnut July 27, 2012 9:31 AM EDT

We send our young people into battle. Old geezers with blue backpacks just wouldn't cut it in the marines.

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by mecury69 July 27, 2012 10:00 AM EDT

Unless those blue packs were stuffed with C4.

by deoppressoliber1964 July 27, 2012 5:12 AM EDT

Somebody has way too much time on their hands.

Reply to this comment

by mecury69 July 27, 2012 10:01 AM EDT

Who thinks they can judge others on how they spend their time or what their interests should be?

by sandykramer July 27, 2012 2:41 AM EDT

O.K., Richard Dawkins: Tell us how these little critters evolved incrementally. Please don't revert to "Hopeful Monster" or Lamarckian fairy tales. Please don't forget that natural selection can only select from characteristics which are already present in the gene pool.

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by incog-nito July 26, 2012 10:00 PM EDT

Sounds like the Republican plan to eliminate Social Security and Medicare.

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by sepa2 July 26, 2012 8:59 PM EDT

the tactics resemble corporate culture on workforce

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by CaptainSmollett July 26, 2012 8:21 PM EDT

The original suicide bomber.

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by retiredgustav July 26, 2012 5:42 PM EDT

"One species of termite sends its older workers on suicide missions armed with explosive blue "backpacks." Sounds like the conservative's plan to solve the Medicare problem.

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by Valhalla0907 July 26, 2012 5:36 PM EDT

Proves that humans didn't invent terrorism!

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