The Academy of Sciences of the Czech rebublic - I. Mathematics, Physics and Earth Sciences

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ALISI

ALISI

Optonika 2011

I. Mathematics, Physics and Earth Sciences

New possibilities of imaging molecules with atomic force microscope

6 Aug 2015

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Scientists from the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) together with colleagues from Osaka University in Japan presented in the journal Nature Communications [1] a new method that significantly advances the current possibility for atomic force microscopes to image chemical structures of individual molecules. Recent developments in scanning microscopy enable us to resolve the chemical structure of individual molecules deposited on surfaces. The sub-molecular resolution of individual molecules opens up entirely new possibilities in the study of physical and chemical properties of molecular nanostructures. However, it was possible to carry out these measurements only at very low temperatures close to absolute zero with specially modified microscope tips.

New ERC project in the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences

22 Sep 2014

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Joerg Wunderlich from the Department of Spintronics and Nanoelectronics of the Institute of Physics CAS, with his colleagues from the UK and Germany, was awarded the prestigious ERC Synergy Grant for the project “Spin-charge conversion and spin caloritronics at hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces”. The project has started in August 2014 and will run till July 2020. Besides the Institute of Physics, the other participating organizations are the University of Cambridge, Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Imperial College in London, and the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz.

Connecting the worlds of semiconductors and magnets:

20 Aug 2014

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Researchers from the Institute of Physics CAS realize an efficient spin-charge converter

Current information technologies are either charge-based or spin-based. Semiconductor microprocessors are prime examples among the large variety of charge-based devices. They utilize the possibility offered by semiconductors to easily electrically manipulate and detect their electronic charge states representing the zeros and ones. Spin-based devices operate on an entirely distinct principle.

Institute of Rock Mechanics and Structure CAS has become a Worldwide Centre of Excellence

14 Jul 2014

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The scientific teams of the Academy of Sciences of the CR and Charles University have received significant awards for their results so far in long-term joint research of landslides. The Institute of Rock Mechanics and Structure (ÚSMH) of the CAS, v. v. i, along with the Faculty of Science of CU obtained the title of a Worldwide Centre of Excellence for Research of the Risks of Landslides in Beijing in June of this year.

The FUNBIO project – studying materials on the boundary of life

19 May 2014

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Institute of Physics, CAS, v. v. i. (FZU) has begun implementation of the Center of functional materials for bio-applications (FUNBIO). This project is supported within 11th call of the OPPK (Operační program Praha – Konkurenceschopnost; Operational Programme Prague Competitiveness) structural funds of the European Commission, which significantly complements the current project Centrefor Analysis of FunctionalMaterials (SAFMAT).

Physics helps economy: a new monograph on Econophysics from the Institute of Physics, CAS

12 Mar 2014

Importance and impact of methods and techniques developed for studying physical problems has outreached the realm of natural sciences. Methods of quantum physics and statistical mechanics find more and more applications in biology, economy, informatics, or sociology. Physics has become one of the most important components of a number of new interdisciplinary research fields. Econophysics utilises methods of statistical mechanics and theory of phase transitions to model and understand processes in economy and financial markets.

Relativity shakes a magnet

4 Mar 2014

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Researchers from Institute of Physics CAS demonstrate a new principle for magnetic recording

Current technologies for writing, storing, and reading information are either charge-based or spin-based. Semiconductor flash or random access memories are prime examples among the large variety of charge-based devices. They utilize the possibility offered by semiconductors to easily electrically manipulate and detect their electronic charge states representing the “zeros” and “ones”. The downside is that weak perturbations such as impurities, temperature change, or radiation can lead to uncontrolled charge redistributions and, as a consequence, to data loss.

Magnetic inside but not on outside

3 Feb 2014

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Researchers from the Institute of Physics introduce antiferromagnetic memories
 
In ferromagnetic materials, information can be stored in “zeros” and “ones” defined by the orientation of magnetic moments, which can be pictured as small compasses (see Fig. 1a). This technology is behind a range of memory applications from kilobyte magnetic stripe cards to terabyte computer hard disks. It is dangerous to place a parking ticket or a hard disk next to another magnet or device generating strong magnetic fields because the magnetic moments of the memory can be unintentionally reoriented and the information lost (see Fig. 1b).

A new theory explaining the origin of hydrocarbon molecules in interstellar space

22 Jan 2014

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Scientists from the Institute of Physics of the CAS, together with colleagues from Spain and France presented in the journal Nature Communications new theory of the origin of polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules in the universe. According to the new theory, these molecules are formed by hydrogen etching of the graphitic surface of the stardust particles.

A Czech mathematician has acquired a prestigious European grant

1 Oct 2013

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For results achieved in the area of computational complexity, prof. RNDr. Pavel Pudlák, DrSc. from the Institute of Mathematics of the CAS has been awarded by the European Research Council (ERC). As the only Czech representative this year, he has won financial support within the prestigious competition “ERC Advanced Grants”, announced for experiences research employees. He succeeded with the project “Feasibility, logic and randomness in computational complexity” and is the fifth laureate of the advanced grant in the Czech Republic after Eduard Feireisl (2012), Josef Michl (2008), Detlef Schröder (2008) and Tomáš Jungwirth (2011).

Czech physicists have revealed another law of friction force

25 Sep 2013

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A new concept of a direct measurement of the lateral forces (of friction) on the atomic level using a modified atomic force microscope was presented by the researchers from the Institute of Physics of the CAS in cooperation with colleagues from the university in Regensburg. In the past few days, their work has been published in the journal Physical Review Letters (see the abstract). This advance opens entirely new possibilities in the study of friction. The importance of the work is proved by the fact that the article was selected by the editors of the journal for inclusion in the section Editors' Suggestion and Physics Viewpoint (see here). The article was also referred to in the pages of the journal Physics Today (see here). For more information, see the press release.

Mars: The Next Step

19 Sep 2013

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The visit of the NASA geologist Dr. James Rice
At the beginning of a lecture tour by NASA’s preeminent expert on Mars research Dr. James Rice, a press conference took place on Tuesday, 17 September 2013 at the headquarters of the Academy of Sciences of the CR in Prague. Other than the American scientist, also the Ambassador of the USA in Prague Norman L. Eisen and Vice-President of the CAS RNDr. Jan Šafanda, CSc. appeared. “Through this event, the CAS is trying to show the public that space research in which a number of academic institutes are involved and which costs a great deal of money returns bounteously to society – both through expanding our knowledge of the solar system and also a number of practical applications and technological innovations,” said J. Šafanda.

A new method of Brno scientists can non-destructively study living organisms

4 Sep 2013

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The prestigious American journal Microscopy and Microanalysis has published a study (see the abstract) by Brno scientists Ing. Eva Tihlaříková and Ing. Vilém Neděla, Ph.D., from the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS. Thanks to their new method, it is possible to observe living organisms in a special environmental scanning electron microscope, without it costing their lives. The method moves the frontiers of electron microscopy towards a more considerate way of studying living nature and can be beneficial in biology and pharmacy as well as for instance in food processing. For more details, see the press release.

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