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Aktuality

17. 9. 2015 - 19. 9. 2015
Konference Beyond Defeat and Victory. Physical Violence and the Reconstitution of East-Central Europe, 1914–1923
Konference Beyond Defeat and Victory. Physical Violence and the Reconstitution of East-Central Europe, 1914–1923

Datum konání:
17.9. 2015 0:00 - 19.9. 2015 0:00
Pořádá Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR, v. v. i., ve spolupráci s FSV UK a Imre Kertész Kolleg, Universität Jena.
17. - 19. 9. 2015, Praha

Organizers: Masaryk Institute and Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Imre Kertész Kolleg at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena; Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague

Conference Scholarly Board: Jochen Böhler (Imre Kertész Kolleg, Jena) Robert Gerwarth (University College, Dublin), Ota Konrád (Charles University, Prague), Rudolf Kučera (Masaryk Institute and Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague)

Conference Schedule (pdf)

Conference Poster (pdf)

Violence during and in the immediate aftermath of the First World War is a frequent research topic pursued in various contexts and within the framework of different methodological approaches. Nevertheless, with the exception of the now classic Male Fantasies (1977–78) by Klaus Theweleit, culturally inspired analyses were very rare. At the same time, expansions of the horizon beyond the boundaries of a particular nation-state have been virtually non-existent. Only in the mid-1990s did the research of violence start to refocus on the cultural, social and psychological preconditions for the emergence of group dynamics facilitating the collective application of violence as a practice that considerably confirmed the group identity of its perpetrators. Besides the emergence of the “mass killing culture,” (Alan Kramer) attention was paid to George Mosse’s “brutalization” thesis. Among the first comparative works, Sven Reichardt’s book on the practices of Italian Fascist paramilitary commandos squadre d’azione and German Sturmabteilung was probably the most prominent contribution that showed how the concept of violence as a legitimate tool of political communication of both organizations was closely associated with the prevailing idea of masculinity. Recently, the 1scope was further widened by studies of paramilitary violence treated as a transnational phenomenon that appeared in practically all the defeated states of East-Central Europe and emerged from the specific “culture of defeat” in the aftermath of First World War. Paramilitary violence is interpreted as a phenomenon brought about by the collective shock over the military defeat, weak statehood and threat of communist revolutions.

In general, almost all the scholarship focuses on those states in East-Central Europe that emerged from the wartime collapse as defeated. A key concept is the “culture of defeat,” i.e. the specific socio-economic and political conditions at the end of the war and shortly thereafter that particularly in Germany, Austria and Hungary determined the structure and operation of violence as the primary phenomenon brought about by the outcome of the war. The other side of the fall and reconstruction of East-Central Europe at the turn of 1910s and 1920s that did not originate from the “culture of defeat,” but rather from the opposite “culture of victory,” has been missed, though. In states like Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia or the Baltics, the war victory leading to state independence filled the public space with much more widespread support for the new order. Hence, the results of previous research shaped by the “culture of defeat” cannot be simply transferred to the victorious states, but these cases need to be approached anew. The existing research has also tended to examine violence predominantly in its political form (e.g. military, paramilitary or police violence) but it has overlooked other forms such as domestic, sexual or juvenile violence.

On the level of international scholarship, one of the largest gaps in the research to date has been the lack of comparisons between different environments formed by the “culture of victory” and “culture of defeat,” and of subsequent unifying views transcending this divide. The conference seeks to explore the possibilities in comparing the role of physical violence in the two distinct cultures that emerged in Central Europe as a result of the First World War. We particularly welcome paper proposals that adopt comparative or transnational perspectives, but we are open to case studies if they are relevant to the conference topic as well. We also encourage the submission of paper proposals dealing with the theoretical aspects of the relationship between the cultures of defeat and victory and of the wave of violence that swept over East-Central Europe at the turn of 1910s and 1920s.

The paper proposals should revolve around one of the following topics or should lie at the intersection of two or more of them:

Forms of demobilization in victorious and defeated states of East-Central Europe

Comparative views on military, paramilitary and police violence 2- Public violence and its state and non-state actors

Private, sexual and domestic violence

Self-inflicted violence (injuries, suicides, abortions)

Juvenile violence

Legislative, executive and judicial reactions to violence

Expert discourses on violence

Popular images of violence

For any further inquiries, please contact violence@centrum.cz.

Call for Papers - English (pdf)
17. 9. 2015 - 19. 9. 2015
Conference Beyond Defeat and Victory. Physical Violence and the Reconstitution of East-Central Europe, 1914–1923
Conference Beyond Defeat and Victory. Physical Violence and the Reconstitution of East-Central Europe, 1914–1923

Datum konání:
17.9. 2015 0:00 - 19.9. 2015 0:00
Dates and venue: 17–19 September 2015, Prague, Czech Republic

Organizers: Masaryk Institute and Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Imre Kertész Kolleg at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena; Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague

Conference Scholarly Board: Jochen Böhler (Imre Kertész Kolleg, Jena) Robert Gerwarth (University College, Dublin), Ota Konrád (Charles University, Prague), Rudolf Kučera (Masaryk Institute and Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague)

Conference Schedule (pdf)

Conference Poster (pdf)

Violence during and in the immediate aftermath of the First World War is a frequent research topic pursued in various contexts and within the framework of different methodological approaches. Nevertheless, with the exception of the now classic Male Fantasies (1977–78) by Klaus Theweleit, culturally inspired analyses were very rare. At the same time, expansions of the horizon beyond the boundaries of a particular nation-state have been virtually non-existent. Only in the mid-1990s did the research of violence start to refocus on the cultural, social and psychological preconditions for the emergence of group dynamics facilitating the collective application of violence as a practice that considerably confirmed the group identity of its perpetrators. Besides the emergence of the “mass killing culture”, (Alan Kramer) attention was paid to George Mosse’s “brutalization” thesis. Among the first comparative works, Sven Reichardt’s book on the practices of Italian Fascist paramilitary commandos squadre d’azione and German Sturmabteilung was probably the most prominent contribution that showed how the concept of violence as a legitimate tool of political communication of both organizations was closely associated with the prevailing idea of masculinity. Recently, the 1scope was further widened by studies of paramilitary violence treated as a transnational phenomenon that appeared in practically all the defeated states of East-Central Europe and emerged from the specific “culture of defeat” in the aftermath of First World War. Paramilitary violence is interpreted as a phenomenon brought about by the collective shock over the military defeat, weak statehood and threat of communist revolutions.

In general, almost all the scholarship focuses on those states in East-Central Europe that emerged from the wartime collapse as defeated. A key concept is the “culture of defeat”, i.e. the specific socio-economic and political conditions at the end of the war and shortly thereafter that particularly in Germany, Austria and Hungary determined the structure and operation of violence as the primary phenomenon brought about by the outcome of the war. The other side of the fall and reconstruction of East-Central Europe at the turn of 1910s and 1920s that did not originate from the “culture of defeat”, but rather from the opposite “culture of victory”, has been missed, though. In states like Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia or the Baltics, the war victory leading to state independence filled the public space with much more widespread support for the new order. Hence, the results of previous research shaped by the “culture of defeat” cannot be simply transferred to the victorious states, but these cases need to be approached anew. The existing research has also tended to examine violence predominantly in its political form (e.g. military, paramilitary or police violence) but it has overlooked other forms such as domestic, sexual or juvenile violence.

On the level of international scholarship, one of the largest gaps in the research to date has been the lack of comparisons between different environments formed by the “culture of victory” and “culture of defeat”, and of subsequent unifying views transcending this divide. The conference seeks to explore the possibilities in comparing the role of physical violence in the two distinct cultures that emerged in Central Europe as a result of the First World War. We particularly welcome paper proposals that adopt comparative or transnational perspectives, but we are open to case studies if they are relevant to the conference topic as well. We also encourage the submission of paper proposals dealing with the theoretical aspects of the relationship between the cultures of defeat and victory and of the wave of violence that swept over East-Central Europe at the turn of 1910s and 1920s.

The paper proposals should revolve around one of the following topics or should lie at the intersection of two or more of them:

Forms of demobilization in victorious and defeated states of East-Central Europe

Comparative views on military, paramilitary and police violence 2- Public violence and its state and non-state actors

Private, sexual and domestic violence

Self-inflicted violence (injuries, suicides, abortions)

Juvenile violence

Legislative, executive and judicial reactions to violence

Expert discourses on violence

Popular images of violence

For any further inquiries, please contact violence@centrum.cz.

Call for Papers – English (pdf)
23. 9. 2015 - 25. 9. 2015

Konference Religiöse Kulturen in Österreich und in der Tschechoslowakei/Tschechien im 20. Jahrhundert – Kirchen, Religionen und Moderne in gegenseitigen Verflechtungen und Wahrnehmungen

Konference Religiöse Kulturen in Österreich und in der Tschechoslowakei/Tschechien im 20. Jahrhundert – Kirchen, Religionen und Moderne in gegenseitigen Verflechtungen und Wahrnehmungen

Datum konání:
23.9. 2015 0:00 - 25.9. 2015 0:00
pořádají: Ständige Konferenz österreichischer und tschechischer Historiker zum gemeinsamen kulturellen Erbe; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Institut für Neuzeit- und Zeitgeschichtsforschung

23. – 25. 9. 2015, Freistadt, Oberösterreich

Program (pdf)
23. 9. 2015

Prezentace memoárových knih k 70. výročí konce druhé světové války

Prezentace memoárových knih k 70. výročí konce druhé světové války

Datum konání:
23.9. 2015
10:00 - 11:30
pořadatelé: Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR, v. v. i.; Ústav T. G. Masaryka, o. p. s.

23. 9. 2015, 10:00

Vila Lanna, V sadech 1, Praha 6

Publikace představí prof. dr. Robert Kvaček, prof. dr. Pavel Machotka a dr. Josef Tomeš.

Akce se koná s podporou Badatelského nadačního fondu Anny a Jaroslava Krejčích.

Pozvánka (pdf)
5. 11. 2015 - 7. 11. 2015
Conference Liberation, Revolution, Transformation Central Europe in 1945 in an interdisciplinary perspective
Conference Liberation, Revolution, Transformation Central Europe in 1945 in an interdisciplinary perspective

Datum konání:
5.11. 2015 0:00 - 7.11. 2015 0:00
November 5th – 7th 2015, Prague

The Center for Central European Studies (joint workplace of the CEVRO Institute University and the Masaryk Institute and Archive of the Czech Academy of Sciences)

Call for Papers – English (pdf)

The goal of the conference is to bring together the often separated debates about interwar, wartime and postwar Europe, as well as to consider the year 1945 a key moment of historic change, on which the nationalist revolutions after the Second World War were based. The events of 1945 ushered in many significant changes in Europe. The National Socialist regime collapsed; postwar economic, social and bureaucratic systems were formed. In the words of Ian Kershaw, the year 1945 is the intersection of the history of destruction, which culminated in the interwar European crisis and the Second World War, and the history of a new beginning, the rise of leftist socialism and the political constellation of the Cold War.

Nationalism and the national question were the central problems not only in Germany, but also, in different forms, in other Central European regions. Current historiography charts the creation of national, ethnically homogeneous societies most often using the example of the displacement of the German population, but rarely goes beyond the horizon of explicit national conflict. The conference’s central perspective should encourage crossing over individual national narratives by comparing or examining the transnational phenomena that are common to the individual nations. The revolutionary fervor of 1945 can serve as a tool to investigate the continuity and discontinuity in the societies that were going through complex political and economic changes. Significant connections can be found, for example, in the legacy of Nazi social policy in the newly established national systems of social provisions or in the organization of the state and society, where the role of the state or the significance of technocractic elites increased in comparison to the interwar period in East and West alike. Contributions to the conference should compare national cases with an emphasis on the character and depth of the social change.

Conference topics may be:

the construction of a nation and patriotism in political thought;

the collaboration of national elites;

the working class and the project of the welfare state;

population politics;

renewal of political partisanship;

national socialism, leftist socialism, capitalism and labor (the science of labor and social practice);

property relocations: from aryanizationsm to nationalization;

relationship with the “nemy” – national identity and economic interests.

Conference languages: English, Czech (interpretation will be provided)

The organizers will cover accommodation and meals.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Please send in your abstracts of 500 words maximum by 15th June 2015 to: conference1945@gmail.com

Other conference-related queries shall be gladly addressed by: Radka Šustrová, sustrova@mua.cas.cz