Hobza, R., Kubat, Z., Cegan, R., Jesionek, W., Vyskot, B., Kejnovsky, E.
CHROMOSOME RESEARCH
23:
561-570,
2015
Klíčová slova:
repetitive sequences, transposable elements, tandem repeats (satellites), microsatellites, recombination, sex chromosomes
Abstrakt:
Structurally and functionally diverged sex chromosomes
have evolved in many animals as well as in
some plants. Sex chromosomes represent a specific genomic
region(s) with locally suppressed recombination. As a
consequence, repetitive sequences involving transposable
elements, tandem repeats (satellites and microsatellites),
and organellar DNA accumulate on the Y (W) chromosomes.
In this paper, we review themain types of repetitive
elements, their gathering on the Y chromosome, and discuss
new findings showing that not only accumulation of
various repeats in non-recombining regions but also opposite
processes formY chromosome. The aim of this review
is also to discuss the mechanisms of repetitiveDNAspread
involving (retro) transposition, DNA polymerase slippage
or unequal crossing-over, as well as modes of repeat
removal by ectopic recombination. The intensity of these
processes differs in non-recombining region(s) of sex chromosomes
when compared to the recombining parts of
genome.We also speculate about the relationship between
heterochromatinization and the formation of heteromorphic
sex chromosomes.
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