Jadwiga Šanderová:
Kulturní obrat v konceptualizaci a výzkumu
sociálních nerovností: od rozdělování k uzná                  5
Miloslav Petrusek:
Sociologie vědy a sociologická metateorie                    31
Jiří Šubrt:
Coleman versus Collins: Dva odlišné přístupy
k teorii jednání v americké sociologii                        61
Martin Hájek:
Jak nepočítat jednání: agency in medias res,
morálně uzavřený svět a teorie jednání                     77
Martin Potůček:
Česká veřejná politika jako vědní disciplína
a jako předmět zkoumání                               93

Recenze
Michal Anderle: Epigenetika, evoluce a kódování                119
Tomáš Dvořák:  Proměny sociologických teorií jednání            135




 
KULTURNÍ OBRAT V KONCEPTUALIZACI A VÝZKUMU SOCIÁLNÍCH NEROVNOSTÍ: OD ROZDĚLOVÁNÍ K UZNÁNÍ

Jadwiga Šanderová
The Cultural Turn in the Conceptualization and Research of Social Inequalities: From Distribution to Recognition
Abstract
This article concentrates on critical responses to the so–called cultural turn in the conceptualization and research of social inequalities, in which we can, inter alia, discern a shift of interest from the problem of distribution to the problem of recognition. In this context, the dispute about the justice of distribution and recognition, led by Fraser and Honneth, is discussed. From the sociological point of view Fraser put forward an analogy of an unsuccessful Lenski’s attempt at synthesis of consensualist and conflictualist accounts of social order, whereas Honneth’s conception resonated with the consensualist account of order, characterized by explicit emphasis on norms and normative consensus. The author of this article suggests that the resolution of this dispute about justice (or inequality) may be indicated in Lockwood’s conception of the incongruence of the status and class order, which is, as is argued, closer to Honneth’s approach to the problem. Lockwood’s conception is extended here and employed in the argument, in which the author demonstrates that behind the increasing number of the so–called “inadaptable” individuals within the societies of the EuroAmerican cultural area, which is endangering the integration of society, we can trace the attempt of the majority to sustain its privileged position through narrowing the definition of performance applicable at the labour market. The author thus, following Honneth’s argument, comes to the conclusion that the threat to the integrity of contemporary society is to be thought of in terms of recognition and regards the cultural turn in the research of social inequalities in this context as valuable.


SOCIOLOGIE VEDY A SOCIOLOGICKA METATEORIE
Miloslav Petrusek
Sociology of Science and Sociological Metatheory
Abstract
The article surveys the ways science was thematized as a sociological subject. It starts with the reflections on knowledge and science in the Enlightenment, further reviews the main contributions of Comtean philosophy and sociology of science, stresses Merton’s role in making the traditional sociology of knowledge open to empirical research, and traces the subsequent development of the field: the progress of quantitative analyses and ethnographic researches of science, the Kuhnian turn towards historicizing and Foucaultian turn towards the politics of science, the evolution of cognitive sociology of science, as well as the inspirations drawn from works of Bloor, Barnes, and Latour


COLEMAN VERSUS COLLINS: DVA ODLIŠNÉ PŘÍSTUPY K TEORII JEDNÁNÍ V AMERICKÉ SOCIOLOGII
Jiří Šubrt
Coleman versus Collins: The Two Different Approaches Towards Action Theory in American Sociology
Abstract
The article confronts James Coleman’s and Randall Collins’s approaches towards action theory: reviews both their similarities (based on the importance of micro-sociological perspective for understanding  social macro-level) and differences (their attitude towards the assumed rational nature of human action). Coleman supports the homo oeconomicus thesis and understands actors as beings, which make rational decisions and direct their actions on the basis of costs and gains calculations. Collins, on the other hand, emphasizes the extra-rational factors of emotions and routine. By putting up these approaches against each other two ideal type constructions arise, which are particular intellectual modes yet cannot comprehend social reality in its full complexity.


JAK NEPOČÍTAT JEDNÁNÍ: AGENCY IN MEDIAS RES, MORÁLNĚ UZAVŘENÝ SVĚT A TEORIE JEDNÁNÍ
Martin Hájek
How Not Count Agency: Agency in Medias Res, a Morally Closed Universe, and the Theory of Action
Abstract
The text is inspired by the article of Steve Fuller named Making Agency Count (Fuller 1994) where Fuller introduced the concept of agency in medias res in order to treat agency as a kind of social „scarce good“. My aim is to show that while Fuller claim seems plausible in the light of the agency negotiation in the legal determination of patents, the fetal medicine or the fetal tissue research, there are nevertheless several problems in its implications. First, if we consider moral action as an example of agency, an altruistic actor, in order to not consume much from the stock of available agency, would resign from a moral action, or, in extreme case, would act immorally to provide more space for moral action. Second, agency is always connected to multiple meanings therefore what is considered as agency by one actor, could be considered as non-agency by another one. Agency can be multiplied by diversification of attributed meanings, what is not the case of economic goods. In concluding the article I make a hypothesis that there is an interesting kind of agency (quasi-agency), which is produced by a social protection. Children, animals, fetuses are claimed to be actors but, in fact, this action magnify temporarily mainly the agency of claimants than those objects of protection.


ČESKÁ VEŘEJNÁ POLITIKA JAKO VĚDNÍ DISCIPLÍNA A JAKO PŘEDMĚT ZKOUMÁNÍ
Martin Potůček
Czech Public Policy as a Scientific Discipline and as an Object of Research
Abstract
This article sums up the development of public policy as a scientific discipline and as an object of research and instruction in the Czech Republic. This is presented within a historical context (examining different stages of the development of Czech social sciences even before it was formalized, and the development of its being constituted since the early 1990s) with due regard for the broader cultural, political and institutional context of its formation and application. A characteristic is given of the main streams of research and instruction in the field (with references to key literature, its authors and context). This is followed by a reflection of results and specification of development potentials.