Language structure is understood as a complex of semiotic systems of representation and rules which guide their construction, interpretation and application. Current research shows that the quality of language structures is the key factor of mathematical literacy. The goal of the project is to investigate didactically interesting aspects of pupils' language structures within evocation and reflection of a mathematical topic and within problem posing and problem solving. Research of cognitive processes will be based on the semiotic analysis of communication between subjects of the teaching process via observation, video recordings of lessons and pupils' written work. Observed phenomena will be elaborated by methods of qualitative research, mainly by coding of grounded theory. The result of the project will be a set of phenomena characterising important aspects of language structures, usable as a source for other research in mathematics education and also as recommendations for practice.
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