The design of efficient numerical methods for computer simulations of large nonlinear and associated transient problems belongs among the most recent topics in the sphere of technical and scientific computing. Examples include processing solid and liquid metals by electromagnetic field,
problems of thermoelasticity and termoplasticity, fluid interaction with solid structures and others. The difficulty of coupled problems stems from the fact that various components of solutions exhibit specific characters, such as boundary layers in fluids or singularities in electromagnetic fields. Efficient and accurate solution of these problems requires the representation of various components by geometrically different meshes. From the mathematical point of view, various solution components belong to different Hilbert spaces and, therefore, their approximations require various types of finite elements. For each solution component we use the modern hp-adaptive version of the finite element method (hp-FEM), which is known for its exponential convergence.
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