Since the rise of graphene almost 15 years ago, the development and study of new two-dimensional materials has become an extremely active research field. Instead of relying on exfoliation or substrate growth procedures, we choose to develop colloidal strategies to synthesize 2D nanomaterials. This exploration led to the development of a broad range of colloidal 2D nanostructures, either based on cadmium chalcogenides or tungsten disulfide, and to the use of specific spectroscopic techniques to study these nanosheets.