Biologia plantarum - Latest articles
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Transcriptome profiling in Salix matsudana during refilling xylem vessels after embolismOriginal Papers
Y.C. Yu, J.X. Liu, Z.Y. Sun
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):425-431 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.061
The objective of this study is to understand the role of bark water uptake in refilling of xylem vessels after embolism in Salix matsudana. Further, we determined expression of genes closely related to xylem embolism repair. The isolated branch segments of S. matsudana were soaked in deionized water and after 2 h, the micro-computed tomography (CT) images, volume of xylem sap, osmotic potential of xylem sap, and the content of starch and soluble sugar were measured. At the same time, Illumina high-throughput sequencing (Hi Seq TM) was applied to obtain the xylem transcriptome profiling. The results showed that the soaked branches...
RNDr. Bohdan Slavík, DrSc.Obituary
J. Krekule
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1)
A leading figure in the field of plant physiology
RNDr. Bohdan Slavík, DrSc.
passed away on 1st August 2018 at the age of 93.
Rosmarinic acid accumulation in Melissa officinalis shoot cultures is mediated by ABAOriginal Papers
S.-M. Mousavi, L. Shabani
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):418-424 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.057
Plant responses to elicitors are the result of a series of highly modulated consecutive changes in hormones or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that coordinates the complex networks of stress responses and its content is rapidly changed in response to stresses. This study evaluated the effects of application of ABA (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 µM) to shoot cultures of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium on growth, H2O2 production, rosmarinic acid (RA) content, total phenolic compound accumulation, phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL)...
Growth, secondary metabolism, and related gene expression in response to interactions of nitrogen and sulfur in Isatis indigoticaOriginal Papers
Y.J. Miao, R.J. Qu, J.T. Sha, Y.W. Cao, J.L. Guan, J. Xu, X.Q. Tang, F.Q Wang, J. Yang
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):411-417 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.053
Nitrogen and sulfur are major elements influencing plant growth and production of secondary metabolites. They interact to each other, but little is known about it in Isatis indigotica Fort. plants. In this study, 15 different treatments representing all possible combinations of 3 N treatments (N1, N2, and N3, corresponding to 5, 15, and 25 mM N, respectively) and five S treatments (S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4, corresponding to 0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50 mM S, respectively) were used, and plant growth, indigo and indirubin yields, and expressions of genes encoding enzymes involved in N and S metabolisms were measured. The results show that the...
Application of abscisic acid prevents leaf senescence at decreased irradianceBrief Communications
W. Kupis, E. Tomal, E. Niewiadomska
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):405-410 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.052
Several lines of evidence suggest that plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the activity of alternative respiratory pathway are somehow interrelated. In this paper, we tested how an application of ABA affects the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Different effects of ABA application on the AOX activity were observed under high irradiance (HI) and low irradiance (LI). The expression of AOX1D gene was stimulated, whereas the expression of senescence marker gene WRKY53 was decreased due to ABA treatment. We also noticed that changes of AOX genes AOX1A and AOX1D,...
Somatic mutations, DNA methylation, and expression of DNA repair genes in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with 5-azacytidineOriginal Papers
K.V. Kiselev, Z.V. Ogneva, A.S. Dubrovina, N.N. Nityagovsky, A.R. Suprun
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):398-404 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.051
An inhibitor of DNA methylation 5-azacytidine (5A) is a chemical analog of the nucleoside cytidine. This study investigated the influence of 5A-induced DNA hypomethylation on the accumulation of somatic DNA mutations (nucleotide substitutions, indels) in the Actin2 3′ untranslated region, nuclear internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2, and the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and analyzed concurrent changes in the expression of DNA methyltransferase and DNA repair genes. The 5A treatment (20 mg per 100 g of soil) decreased DNA methylation, and the detected 5A-induced demethylation...
N-terminal domains of AhAREB1 protein are necessary for transcriptional characteristics and negative regulation of the AhNCED1 geneOriginal Papers
L. Hong, C.Y. He, H. Shen, S. Liu, X. Liu, X.L. Li, L. Li
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):388-397 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.050
A transcription factor gene Arachis hypogaea abscisic acid (ABA) responsive element binding protein 1 (AhAREB1) has been isolated from peanut previously. Here, the function of different domains from AhAREB1 was investigated using construct series containing AhAREB1 full-length and truncated fragments to transform peanut hairy roots and pAhNCED1 (promoter of Arachis hypogaea 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1) GUS/Col Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. The results of real-time quantitative PCR, transient expression, and chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay all showed that AhAREB1 negatively regulated...
EditorialEditorial
J. Pospisilova
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1)
Dear members of editorial board, referees, authors, and readers,
First, I greet you at the beginning of the year 2019 and wish you a steady health, a lot of happiness, and a great success in your professional life. Simultaneously, I would like to express many thanks for all the work done and attention paid to our journal in previous years.
Suitable reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR in Salsola laricifilia under five abiotic stressesOriginal Papers
Y.-F. Zhang, Z.-B. Wen, Y. Wang, Y.-L. Wang, Y. Feng
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):380-387 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.044
Salsola laricifolia, a typical C3-C4 intermediate desert plant, is an important for understanding gene evolution and mechanisms for drought resistance. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a preferred choice for gene expression studies, but it requires stable reference genes for normalization. Therefore, we tested the expression stability of five candidate reference genes in S. laricifolia: EF1α (elongation factor 1-α), ACT (actin), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), TUB (tubulin), and 18S (18S ribosomal RNA). The...
Overexpression of BdRHP1 improves drought tolerance and reduces yield loss in riceOriginal Papers
D.-E. Zeng, Z.-M. Cai, Y.-S. Liu
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):371-379 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.043
Drought is a major factor decreasing the growth, development, and productivity of rice in about one-third of the world area. The characterization of genes imparting tolerance to drought in rice, is an attractive strategy for genetic engineering to improve drought tolerance. It is demonstrated that ectopic overexpression of Brachypodium distachyon RING-H2 finger gene (designated as BdRHP1) enhances drought tolerance in rice at both the vegetative and reproductive stages. When subjected to drought, positive transgenic lines showed delayed wilting, and improved recovery after rewatering. However, the transgenic plants exhibited...
The effects of gibberellic acid on Allium cepa root tip meristematic cellsOriginal Papers
B. Tütünoğlu, Ö. Aksoy, R. Özbek, F. Uçkan
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):365-370 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.042
Gibberellic acid (GA) is a natural plant growth regulator (PGR) which stimulates germination, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit formation. However, when high concentrations of GA are used, it inhibits plant growth and development and causes abnormalities in the plant tissue. In our study, we determined the effects of different concentrations of GA on Allium cepa L. var. cepa roots. Increasing concentrations of GA (50 - 5 000 mg dm-3) were used in A. cepa root growth inhibition tests. Further, random amplified polymorphic DNA technique was used for determination of possible genotoxic effects of 600 - 1200...
Differential expressions of citrus CAMTAs during fruit development and responses to abiotic stressesOriginal Papers
Z.G. Ouyang, L.F. Mi, H.H. Duan, W. Hu, J.M. Chen, T. Peng, B.L. Zhong
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):354-364 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.041
Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) play important roles in plant growth, developmental processes, and responses to abiotic and biotic factors. Recently, five CAMTA members were identified in Citrus sinensis, however, very little is known about the molecular regulation of these CAMTAs in citrus during fruit development and under abiotic stresses. In this study, the different expression profiles of CsCAMTA genes were found in different tissues and different fruit developmental stages. The CsCAMTA genes also displayed distinct expression patterns after heat, cold, salt, and drought stresses. Furthermore, the...
Gibberellin A3 mediated decreased transcriptional rate, mRNA stability and non-competitive inhibition of DNA methyltransferases in tobaccoOriginal Papers
R. Manoharlal, G.V.S. Saiprasad, V. Kaikala
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):343-353 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.040
The present work aims to examine the underlying molecular mechanism(s) for the reduced transcriptions and activities of DNA methyltransferases (NtDNMTs) by gibberellin A3 (GA3) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). Nuclear run-on and cordycepin chase assays demonstrated a significant reduction in the transcriptional rate and transcript half-lives of NtMET1 and NtCMT3 by GA3. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis revealed a non-competitive mode of inhibition of NtDNMTs activity by GA3. Taken together, both in vivo and in vitro studies clearly demonstrated the altered transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation...
OsCaM1-1 overexpression in the transgenic rice mitigated salt-induced oxidative damageOriginal Papers
T. Kaewneramit, T. Buaboocha, P. Sangchai, N. Wutipraditkul
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):335-342 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.039
Various physiological and biochemical parameters associated with improved salinity tolerance in the transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsCaM1-1 gene and wild-type KDML105 were compared 3 d after exposure to 150 mM NaCl. The results showed higher relative water content, relative growth rate, content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b, and carotenoids), DPPH scavenging activity, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the transgenic plants when compared with the wild-type and control, KDML105 transformed with blank vector, whereas H2O2...
Overexpression of the UGT76E12 gene modulates seed germination, growth, and response to NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acidOriginal Papers
L. Chen, W.-S. Wang, Q. Liu, R.-R. Dong, Y.-J. Li, T.-T Chen, B.-K. Hou
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):328-334 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.038
Seed germination and following seedling growth are largely affected by environmental conditions. However, the genes involved in adaptations to these conditions are largely unknown. In this study, we cloned and characterized an Arabidopsis uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase gene UGT76E12 and investigated its function in seed germination and plant growth under adverse environments. We found that UGT76E12 gene expression was induced by NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Under these treatments, the UGT76E12 overexpression lines exhibited a delayed seed germination and cotyledon growth compared with...
Cerium nitrate improves salt tolerance of wheat seedlings by regulating the antioxidant capacity of chloroplastsBrief Communications
X.D. Chen, C.J. Shan
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):323-327 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.037
The effects of Ce(NO3)3 on the antioxidant capacity in the chloroplasts of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings were investigated. The results showed that salt stress (40, 80, 120, or 160 mM NaCl) significantly increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but significantly reduced the ratios of reduced ascorbate (AsA) to dehydroascorbate (DHA) and reduced glutathione to oxidizided glutathione (GSH/GSSG), the content of chlorophylls...
Biochemical examination of non-transgenic and transgenic soybean plants under drought stress conditionsOriginal Papers
C.G. Gonçalves, A.C. Silva Jr., L.R. Alves, M.R.R. Pereira, P.L. Gratão, D. Martins
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):314-322 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.036
Drought is one of the major environmental stresses limiting crop production worldwide because both the duration and the severity of the stress are critical. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical stress responses towards prevailing drought stress thus making it a complex phenomenon. To address the modulation of stress responses, we used Glycine max cv. MG/BR 46 Conquista (non-transgenic) and cv. BRS Valiosa (transgenic) to analyze the effects of progressive drought stress during two stages of soybean development (V2 and V4) on physiological and biochemical parameters. Three minimum soil water potentials (Ψs) were established:...
The RNA-seq transcriptome analysis identified genes related to rice seed dormancyOriginal Papers
K. Xie, J. Bai, Y.Y. Yang, N.B. Duan, Y.M. Ma, T. Guo, F.Y. Yao, H.F. Ding
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):308-313 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.035
Plant hormones play important roles in seed dormancy and dormancy breaking. We measured the hormone content in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nona Bokra) seeds at different stages and with or without imbibition treatment. We identified 1 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between dormant and dormancy-broken seeds using RNA-seq analysis: 1 015 genes were significantly up-regulated, while 250 genes were significantly down-regulated. Sixteen DEGs were selected as related to seed dormancy, and their expressions were validated using quantitative PCR. Three DEGs were in the same position as two reported dormancy QTLs, suggesting that they...
Effect of aluminum and fluoride on R2R3-MYB transcription factor characterization and expression in Camellia sinensisOriginal Papers
Y. Wang, P. Chang, J. Pan, J. Zhu, C. Cui, X. Ye, Y. Ma, X. Zhu, W. Fang, C. Jiang
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):298-307 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.034
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a typical plant that accumulates abundant aluminum (Al) and fluoride (F). Al and F play vital roles in the growth and development in tea plant. MYB (myeloblastosis) is one of the largest transcription factor families in plant, which plays an important role in the stress responses. As the largest and multifunctional subfamily of MYB, R2R3-MYB subfamily participates in multiple abiotic stresses in plant. However, there are few studies about R2R3-MYB in tea plant, especially in the accumulation of Al and F during its growth. Here, we identified 43 CsMYB genes from the transcriptome database of tea plant...
Chl a fluorescence and proteomics reveal protection of the photosynthetic apparatus to dehydration in tolerant but not in susceptible wheat cultivarsOriginal Papers
M. Nykiel, P. Lisik, J. Dębski, B. Florea, K. Rybka
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):287-297 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.033
Seedlings of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Ethos and Zebra, differing in drought tolerance were dehydrated to reach a water saturation deficit (WSD) in leaves ~15, 30, and 50 %. Ethos, the drought tolerant cultivar, dried slower in comparison with Zebra and regrew in 70 % upon rehydration. The effect of dehydration on photosystem II was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence (OJIP transients). The inflection point of double normalized curves (ΔWOJ) calculated for Ethos was negative for seedlings with 15 % WSD, nearly zero for those with 30 % WSD, and about +0.05 for those with 50 % WSD. In case of Zebra, the...
Shoot proliferation and organogenesis on Arbutus unedo: physiological analysis under water stressOriginal Papers
J.F. Martins, S. Correia, B. Correia, G. Pinto, J.M. Canhoto
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):278-286 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.032
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) is a small perennial tree that grows spontaneously in the Mediterranean basin, Ireland, and Portugal. In this work, strawberry tree clones were established in vitro from epicormic shoots obtained from a young tree, an adult tree, and from a seedling. They were propagated by axillary shoot buds proliferation on solid and in liquid media, and also in a modified De Fossard medium with 9 µM benzylaminopurine. The organogenesis from calli obtained from apical leaves of the in vitro grown shoots from the three genotypes was carried out in the same basal liquid medium supplemented with 9 µM...
Heterologous expression of the AtDREB1A gene in tomato confers tolerance to chilling stressOriginal Papers
S.G. Karkute, R. Krishna, W.A. Ansari, B. Singh, P.M. Singh, M. Singh, A.K. Singh
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):268-277 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.031
Tomato is highly sensitive to chilling stress (0 - 12 °C) which severely affects plant growth and development. Transgenic tomato plants expressing the AtDREB1A gene under the control of the rd29A promoter were evaluated for its tolerance to chilling stress by exposing them to 4 °C for 5 d. The cold stress caused an increase in production of reactive oxygen species, however, transgenic plants had an effective antioxidant system due to an enhanced synthesis of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate and so the reduced content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions. Transgenic plants showed a slightly less reduction of chlorophyll...
Cloning, characterization, and expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene from Dioscorea zingiberensisOriginal Papers
Z. Cheng, R. Wang, J. Shen, Z. Yang, Y. Chen
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):262-267 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.030
Diosgenin, mainly extracted from some Dioscorea species, is the most important starting material for the production of steroidal drugs. It is believed that diosgenin in Dioscorea is synthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP, the isomer of IPP) produced by the cytosolic mevalonate pathway. So far, the possibility of the plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for biosynthesis of diosgenin remains unclear. The key enzyme in the MEP pathway is 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate-reductoisomerase (DXR, EC: 1.1.1.267). In this study, a DXR gene, named DzDXR (GenBank accession...
Identification of candidate reference genes in tropical bamboos stable across species, tissues, and developmental stagesOriginal Papers
S. Chakraborty, S. Dutta, P. Biswas, M. Das
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):253-261 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.029
Bamboo possesses many unique physiological characteristics, but the molecular understanding of many of these processes remains poorly understood till to date. One major reason is unavailability of sufficient sequence and expression data. Selection of suitable reference genes is pivotal to initiate any gene expression analyses. Although, suitable reference genes have been identified in the temperate bamboo Phyllostachys edulis, it has not been done for tropical bamboo. In this study, expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes were investigated in 4 widely grown tropical bamboo species (Bambusa tulda, B. balcooa, B....
Application of sucrose modulates the expressions of genes involved in proline and polyamine metabolism in maize seedlings exposed to droughtBrief Communications
C. Altuntaş, A. Sezgin, M. Demiralay, R. Terzi, A. Sağlam, A. Kadioğlu
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):247-252 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.028
Sucrose, proline, and polyamines are compatible solutes accumulating in plant tissues and increasing cellular osmolarity under environmental stresses. These compatible solutes and hydrogen peroxide can function as signaling molecules in plants. There has been very little evidence how the supply of sucrose changes the biosynthesis of compatible solutes. This study aimed to assess the cross-talk among sucrose, H2O2, and compatible solutes on the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the pathways of proline and polyamine metabolism in drought stressed maize seedlings. Drought stress (induced by polyethylene glycol solution)...
Identification and validation of reference genes for real-time qPCR normalization during Al-induced programmed cell death in peanutOriginal Papers
S.C. Yao, J. Zhan, C.L. Pan, W.J. Xiong, D. Xiao, Y.L. Wang, H. Shen, A.Q. Wang, L.F. He
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):237-246 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.027
The reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is becoming increasingly important for gene expression studies. However, the accuracy and reliability of RT-qPCR depend on normalizing expression to reference genes. In this study, ten candidate reference genes, including cyclophilin (CYP), elongation factor 1b (EF1b), α-tubulin (TUA5), β-tubulin (TUB4), ubiquitin10R (UBQ10R), 60S ribosomal RNA (60S), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3), metalloprotease (MTP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and actin (ACT2) were evaluated for the stability of expression...
Effects hydrogen sulfide on the antioxidant system and membrane stability in mitochondria of Malus hupehensis under NaCl stressOriginal Papers
G.-Q. Wei, W.-W. Zhang, H. Cao, S.-S. Yue, P. Li, H.-Q. Yang
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):228-236 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.026
Salt stress is one of the most critical environmental factors limiting plant growth, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can play a role in plant responses to this stress. To investigate the effects of H2S on mitochondrial functions under salt stress, we treated Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pingyiensis germinating seeds with an 85 mM NaCl solution with or without an H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT). Then, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in mitochondria of seedling roots. Our results show that the application of 0.05 mM NaHS rescued an NaCl-induced inhibition...
Genome-wide analysis of heptahelical protein (HHP) gene family and expression of BcHHP1 in response to stresses in Brassica rapaOriginal Papers
J. Wang, F.Y. Huang, X.L. Hou, X. You
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):219-227 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.025
Heptahelical protein (HHP) signalling pathway is involved in cold acclimation responses to low temperature and other stresses. The HHP transcription factor family is the key component regulating this signalling pathway. In this study, five HHP-like genes, BcHHP1, BcHHP2, BcHHP3, BcHHP4, and BcHHP5, were isolated from non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis cv. Suzhouqing). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that BcHHP proteins are highly homologous to HHP proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays. Some...
The gene OsIAA9 encoding auxin/indole-3-acetic acid proteins is a negative regulator of auxin-regulated root growth in riceOriginal Papers
Y.L. Song
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):210-218 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.024
Auxin signal transduction in plants depends on regulation by short-lived nuclear plant proteins called auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins. The OsIAA9, which is highly and rapidly induced by auxin, encodes the entire Aux/IAA domain characteristic of the Aux/IAA family in rice. The promoter region of OsIAA9 contains several cis-elements. Analysis of POsIAA9:GUS transgenic plants indicates a specific expression of OsIAA9 in roots and seedling shoots, especially lateral roots and root tips. Based on real-time PCR, the expression of OsIAA9 was induced by multiple hormones and abiotic stresses. Furthermore,...
MicroRNA319 family members play an important role in Solanum habrochaites and S. lycopersicum responses to chilling and heat stressesOriginal Papers
X.P. Shi, F.L. Jiang, J.Q. Wen, S.Y. Cui, Y.Z. Zhou, Z. Wu
Biologia plantarum 2019, 63(1):200-209 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.023
The microRNA319 (miR319) family is involved in plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. Previous work showed that miR319 responded to chilling stress in the chilling-tolerant wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites L.) genotype LA1777. Here, the precursors of sha-miR319a, b, c, and d were cloned from LA1777 and the putative target genes tosinte branched/cycloidea/proliferating cell factors (TCP3 and TCP29) were validated using 5′-RLM-RACE. Expression patterns revealed a negative correlation of sha-miR319 with TCP3 and TCP29 in LA1777. Four tomato (S. lycopersicum) genotypes with varying sensitivities...