Karyological features of barley callus tissues culturedin vitro

E. U. Scheunert, Zlata B. Shamina, H. Koblitz

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:305-308 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923317

Long-term callus cultures of two barley cultivars have been investigated at the cellular level. One slowly growing, root forming callus of the barley cv. Bulgarische Nackte consists of cells the majority of which contain the diploid chromosome number. Contrarily, a fast growing callus of the cv. Elgina having no regeneration potency at all, is highly polyploid and includes more than two thirds of aneuploid cells. Tn this callus strain, a great number of multinucleate cells has been found. Some problems are discussed with respect to the relationships between growth rate, karyological stability and regeneration capacity in long-term callus cultures of cereals.

Water stress alters characteristics of acid phosphatase in wheat

A. S. Rao, H. S. Nainawatee

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:309-313 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923318

Effect of water stress at -1, -3, and -5xl0⁵Pa osmotic potential on some properties of acid phosphatase has been studied in two wheat cultivars. Acid phosphatase from S-308 cultivar, which is less drought resistant than C-306, was less susceptible under varying conditions of pH and temperature treatments.

Book review

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:313 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923319

The action of penicillin in mungbean (Phaseolus aureus L.) seedlings and wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) coleoptile sections

A. K. Biswas, S. Mukherji

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:314-317 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923320

Penicillin caused elongation inhibition of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus L.) seedlings at concentrations above 100 mgl^-1. Inhibition of hypocotyl could be reduced to different degrees by manganese, pyruvate, succinate, fumarate, malate, GA₃, purines, pyrimidines and nucleosides, whereas the amino acids except cysteine were not effective. Penicillin inhibited neither elongation of wheat coleoptile sections nor the cell enlargement induced by IAA in this tissue. Thus penioillin inhibits intact seedling elongation probably through an Effect on cell division apparently without inhibiting cell enlargement.

Roles of hormones in the responses of excised tomato cotyledons to mannitol induced water stress

Ong Hean Tatt

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:318-323 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923321

Excised tomato cotyledons were aseptically cultured in mannitol induced water stress solutions, and a number of changes were determined. Stressed cotyledons had less fresh weights than normal cotyledons throughout the experiment. Stressed cotyledons initially showed reduced proteins, RNA and chlorophyll contents as compared to normal cotyledons, but eventually showed increases which often surpassed values in normal cotyledons. Endogenous auxin and cytokinin activities were initially lower in stressed cotyledons than in normal cotyledons, but were later higher in stressed cotyledons than in normal cotyledons. Gibberellin changes were slight. Applications...

Selective shift in the metabolic pathways of excised tomato cotyledons in response to mannitol induced water stress

Ong Hean Tatt

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:324-329 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923322

Excised tomato cotyledons subjected to mannitol induced water stress had more total sugars than normal cotyledons during injury but less total sugars than normal cotyledons in the adaptive phase. During water stress injury, protein and UNA synthesis were reduced, activities of beta-fructofuranosidase and phosphofructokinase were reduced but activities of proteases, ribonuclease, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were increased. Additions of kinetin reversed the water stress effects on enzyme activities. It is concluded that during water stress injury, there was a fundamental reduction in cytokinin activities leading to the selective...

Gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins and peroxidases of excised tomato cotyledons subjected to mannitol induced water stress

Ong Hean Tatt

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:330-334 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923323

Excised tomato cotyledonswere subjected to mannitol induced water stress solutions for three days. Extracts of proteins and the enzyme peroxidase were made and separated with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The water stress injury caused increases in bigger protein molecules but decreases in smaller protein molecules. The small fastest moving peroxidase isozyme was almost completely eliminated. Applications of growth regulators to the stress solutions indicated that the protein and peroxidase changes could be explained on the basis of reduction in endogenous cytokinin activities by the water stress.

Growth and flowering of Scrophularia vernalis L. after treatments with gibberellic acid (GA₃) and N-dimethylamine-succinamic acid (B₉)

Florence Bismuth, Christiane Larrieu

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:335-343 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923324

In this report, B₉ treatment had no effect on the growing of rosette biennialScrophularia vernalis L.; it inhibited or slowed stem elongation. Applications of GA₃ to B₉ treated plants produced a significant increase of stem elongation, in relation to GA₃ treated plants. Plants treated with only GA3 failed to flower; otherwise, the flowering of vernalized plants was not altered by GA₃. Thus, B₉ effect on flowering was tested by using GA₃. B₉ by itself induced flowering, it increased inflorescence formation in vernalized plants without altering stem growth...

Studies on the Transmission of Floral Effects of Photoperiod and Gibberellin from One Branch to the Other inImpatiens balsamina

S. Sawhney, N. Sawhney, K. K. Nanda

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:344-350 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923325

In two branched plants ofImpatiens balsamina with intact apex and leaves floral buds are induced only in the branch which is either exposed to 8-h (inductive) photoperiods or receives GA₃ treatment if maintained under 24-h (non-inductive) photoperiods. GA₃ induces floral buds on the treated branch even if the leaves on that branch are removed, showing that while leaves are essential for photoperception, these are not neoessary for GA₃ to cause induction. The effect of the inductive photoperiods or GA₃ treatments to a branch is not transmitted to the other branch which is treated with water and is maintained...

Book review

Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:350 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923326

Mitotic cycle kinetics of root meristems of isolated barley embryos and intact seedlings. Labelling of nuclei by³H- thymidine and its cytogenetic consequences

Květuše Schwammenhöferová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:351-358 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923327

The duration of the mitotic cycle and its individual phases was estimated in root meristems of isolated barley embryos and intact barley seedlings by means of pulse labelling with³H-thymidine and construction of labelled mitoses curve. The duration of the whole mitotic cycle in the cell population of root meristems of isolated barley embryos cultivated in the aerated liquid complete medium is 12.2 h. The mitotic cycle time of root meristems of intact barley seedlings, oultived in Petri dishes on wet blotting paper is 9.2 h. Most of root meristem cells belong to the fraction of rapidly proliferating cells, but this fraction exerts a high...

The influence of sugars on nitrate reductase induction by exogenous nitrate or nitrite in excised pisum sativum roots

J. Sahulka, Ludmila Lisá

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:359-367 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923328

Nitrate reductase (NR) induction is enhanced by exogenously supplied sucrose in excised pea roots exposed to both exogenous nitrate and exogenous nitrite. NR synthesis is preferentially supported by sugars transported to the cells at the moment, however NR induction can take place for some time without exogenous sugar influx if roots are saturated with sugars during precultivation. Steady high NR levels are dependent on steady sugar and nitrate influxes. NR induction is low in roots precultivated for 20 h without sucrose although sugar content is still high in them. This suggests that compartmentation of sugars in the cells is of major importance during...

Book review

DanuŠe Hodánová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:367 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923329

Carbon dioxide exchange in primary bean leaves as affected by water stress

Jana Pospíšilová, Ingrid Tichá, J. Čatský, Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:368-372 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923330

Net photosynthetic rate decreased sharply to zero in the range of water potential- 8.0 to -10.4 x 10⁵ Pa. The observed decrease in photosynthetic rate was due not only to the decrease in epidermal conductance, but also to the decrease in intraoellular conductance. Both conductances decreased in the same range of water potential. With decreasing water potential photorespiration rate decreased whereas dark respiration rate remained rather unchanged. Simultaneously CO₂ compensation concentration increased. These facts constitute an indirect evidence that water stress inhibited not only transport of CO₂ from atmosphere...

The polymorphism of a seed protein with phytohaemagglutinating activity in the cultivar ofPhaseolus vulgaris L.

Eva Klozová, Věra Tubková

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:373-376 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923331

In the cultivar ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Vainica Saavegra B a protein was found in the seeds having a more or less reduced electrophoretic mobility on the cathodic side in comparison with standard cultivars. This protein which has phytohaemagglutinating activity loses this property at a greatly decreased mobility, whereas at partially reduced mobility the phytohaemagglutinating activity is maintained. The protein with a partially decreased mobility is immunochemically identical with the protein having normal mobility, whilst the protein with strongly reduced mobility is immunochemically only partly similar.

Sensitivity of oat leaf chlorophyll retention bioassay to natural and synthetic cytokinins

M. Kamínek, J. Luštinec

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:377-382 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923332

The cytokinin bioassay based on retention of chlorophyll in excised oat leaf pieces is more sensitive to the synthetic cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin) than to the natural cytokinins (trans-zeatin and N⁶-[Δ²isopentenyl]adenine). This difference in sensitivity decreases with increasing length of leaf pieces (from 2 to 10 cm) and with increasing volume of application (from 5 μ1 to 25 μl). Application of the cytokinin solution to the basal and apical part of the 8 cm pieces decreases the sensitivity of the bioassay but has no significant effect on the relative activities of trans-zeatin and 6-benzylaminopurine....

Book review

K. Beneš

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:382 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923333

Behaviour of mlo evoking potato witches' broom in callus tissue culture ofSolatium laciniatutn ait. andNicotiana tabacum L. cv. samsun

Eva Petrů, Marie Ulrychová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:383-386 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923334

The growth of callus tissue cultures and the infectivity of twenty fiveSolanum laciniatum Ait. plants and of sixteenNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun plants were investigated. The plants were obtained from callus tissue cultures derived from stem pieces of the respective plants infected with a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) evoking potato witches' broom. The tissues were cultivated on synthetic nutrient medium with kinetin and IAA. Allde novo obtainedS. laciniatum plants were healthy. On the contrary twelve of the sixteen reconstituted tobacco plants showed MLO presence.
Summarizing these and previous results, the authors...

Book review

J. Ullmann

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:386 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923335

Book review

V. Škrdleta

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:391 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923337

Book review

Danuše Hodáňová, I. Šetlík, T. Gichner, Věra Hadačová, Z. Opatrný, M. Kamínek, B. Slavík, Jarmila Solárová, Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:395-400 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923339

Oxidation of glutathione by peroxidase isoenzymes in fenugreek

D. Balasimha, M. N. Tewari

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:387-391 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923336

During the germination of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) sulfhydryl groups rapidly declined in cotyledon and seedling axis, while peroxidase activity increased. Studies on purified isoenzymes showed that GSH was oxidized by the isoenzymes and was accomplished in presence of cofactors, Mn²⁺ and DCP along with H₂O₂ (0.01 mM). This reaction was found to be peroxidatic in nature. The oxidation was inhibited by catechol but was enhanced by malic acid.

Effect of salt and water stress on RNA synthesis in the excised embryo axis of germinating mung bean (Phaseolus aureus ROXB).

I. S. Sheoran, R. K. Sihag

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:392-395 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923338

The rate of synthesis of RNA was studied under salt and water stresses created by the addition of four different salts and polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) in excised embryo axis of mung bean using^l4C-uracil. Iso-osmotio concentrations of salts and PEG resulted in differential effect on RNA synthesis. PEG inhibited, whereas salt stimulated incorporation of labelled uracil into RNA. Ionic differences on RNA synthesis were very clear as synthesis of RNA was more affected with sulphate than chloride and with sodium than potassium ions.