Czechoslovak plant pathology in the past thirty years

J. Brčák

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:401-402 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923340

Effect of nitrate on respiration ofMentha arvensis

J. P. Singh, J. N. Singh

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:403-408 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923341

The supply of nitrate nitrogen caused a marked increase in the rate of respiration of Japanese mint. Sodium azide strongly inhibited the rate of respiration at all the nitrate levels, but the inhibition was more marked at higher levels. Besides this, inhibition caused by azide treatment was less marked in older and nitrogen deficient tissues than in younger ones at higher nitrogen levels. The addition of sodium diethyl dithio-carbamate (DIECA), an inhibitor of copper containing enzymes resulted in an increase in the respiration of mint leaves which increased further with an increase in the nitrate supply. The same concentration of DIECA which stimulate...

Mitotic cycle kinetics of root meristems of isolated barley embryos and intact seedlings. Labelling of nuclei by tetraploidy

Květuše Schwammenhöferová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:409-417 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923342

The minimum length of the mitotic cycle of root meristems of cultivated barley embryos and intact seedlings was longer than that measured by the construction of the labelled mitoses curve; it was 10-12 h for intact seedlings and 16 h for cultivated barley embryos. Action of colchicine on interphase was detected. Colchicine induces the increase of the frequency of prophases starting from the fourth hour. The most probable explanation is shortening of the S-phase. As the whole mitotic cycle duration is increased in comparison with that after³H-thymidine, it is most probable that G₁ phase duration is increased by colchicine treatment....

Effect of blast infection on the photosynthetic activity of rice seedlings

B. Padhi, N. K. Chakrabarti, S. K. Nayak

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:418-420 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923343

Photosynthesis was affected considerably when the cultivars Zenith, Lacrosse, Usen and Co. 13 belonging to indica and japonica groups of rice were inoculated with physiological races IC₁₃ and ID₁ ofPyricularia oryzae Cav. The 21-day seedlings after inoculation withP. oryzae and uninoculated control were exposed to¹⁴CO₂ under natural sunlight (190 Wm^-2). The extent of reduction in photosynthetic rate in the cultivars varied on inoculation with different races ofP. oryzae used, the reduction being more apparent with race ID₁.

Physiological response of dwarf wheat to chlorocholinechloride under soil moisture stress

K. S. Gill, O. S. Singh

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:421-424 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923344

Spraying of CCC (500 ppm) on wheat cv. Kalyan Sona-227 averted the adverse effect of soil moisture stress at the anthesis phase, by maintaining a higher level of chlorophyll, nucleic acids and protein content and acidity of the tissues. Treated plants after recovery from moisture stress yield even more than the untreated plants.

Influence of morphactin on pearl millet plants under water stress

N. L. Kackar, S. Kathju, A. N. Lahiri

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:425-430 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923345

The effects of foliar application of morphactin (0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm) onPennisetum typhoides (cv. HB3) have been studied under different soil moisture conditions (0.3, 3 and 9 x 10Pa tension). Morphactin application reduced the plant height, increased the tillering and leaf number of the main shoot and adversely affected the growth characters associated with the grain production. The overall performance of plants was not improved by morphactin treatment under low moisture regime and it did not impart any efficiency of water use for grain production. Findings on the phosphorus and potassium levels of the shoot tissue suggested a possibility...

Acid and alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase activity after treatment with various herbicides

M. Decleire, W. De Cat

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:431-435 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923346

Various herbicides are applied on seventeen-day-old cucumber seedlings growing in a nutrient solution.
After 1 and 3 days, acid and alkaline pyrophosphatase activities are measured in the leaves and the roots of seedlings treated with lethale dosis of atrazine, chlortoluron, ioxynil, MCPA, dicamba, alachlor. The same enzymes are determined after 5 h in seedlings on which previously paraquat and DNOC were pulverised. In the leaves, acid pyrophosphatase activity is stimulated by almost all the herbicides, especially by ioxynil, paraquat and DNOC while alkaline pyrophosphatase remains similar to the controls. The alkaline and acid pyrophosphatase activity...

Effect of nitrogen sources on shoot bud differentiation of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. callus cultures

J. P. Singh

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:436-439 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923347

Tuber callus by subculture ofDioscorea deltoidea Wall, was grown with different sources of nitrogen on N-free Murashige and Skoog's basal media supplemented with a high level of kinetin (1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ml 1^-1) and low concentration of auxin (0.01 mg 1^-1 2,4-D) for shoot bud differentiation. Shoot and root differentiation was observed only in the case of ammonium nitrate. Other sources of nitrogen failed to produce shoot bud differentiation except in the case of ammonium citrate where tissues were slight green in colour and were recognizable as pro-embryo.

The effect of kinetin and auxin on the chloroplast structure and chlorophyll content in wheat coleoptiles

Alena Volfová, L. Chvojka, A. Friedrich

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:440-445 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923348

Kinetin and auxin when applied to excised segments of wheat coleoptiles bring about changes in chloroplast structure and chlorophyll content of parenchymatous cells. Auxin (IAA) alone at a concentration of 10^-5M stimulated the elongation (growth), but the chloroplast membrane system was less developed and the chlorophyll content was lowest in comparison with control and other variants. Kinetin (KIN) exhibited various effects depending on the concentration used. 10^-6M KIN somehow stimulated the elongation and enhanced the amount of grana coming to one chloroplast section, but the individual grana were relatively small and the chlorophyll...

The influence of exogenously supplied sucrose on glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase levels in excisedPisum sativum roots

J. Sahulka, Ludmila Lisa

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:446-452 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923349

Glutamine synthetase (GS) level is positively influenced by exogenously supplied sucrose in isolated pea roots (similarly as nitrate reductase - NR), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) level negatively. Comparison with previous results shows that GS level decreases more slowly than NR level when sucrose is omitted from the medium; the rate of changes in GS level corresponds rather to that in GDH level. The increase in GDH level in the tips of isolated roots cultivated in the medium lacking sucrose stops after approx. 24 h, but continues for at least 72 h in more mature root parts. GS level decreases during the first 24 h in the tips of isolated roots (compared...

Epidermal diffusive conductance as related to leaf water potential and photon flux density

Jana Pospíšilová, Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:453-457 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923350

Response of epidermal diffusive conductance to simultaneous changes in leaf water potential and photon flux density was studied in primary bean leaves. Values of epidermal conductance corresponding to every photon flux density decreased with decreasing leaf water potential below - 6.9 x 10⁵Pa; slight deorease was followed by a rapid one at water potential ranging from - 8.0 to -10.5 x 10⁵ Pa. In the leaves with water potential lower than -10.5 x 10⁵ Pa neither the saturated photon flux density (1200 [xeinstein m^-2s^-1) induced photoactive stomatal opening.
Negative influence of one factor could...

The localization of starch in root tips

K. Beneš, J. Kutík

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:458-463 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923351

As an extension of earlier studies performed in our laboratory on enzyme localization on tissue level, the distribution of starch was examined in seedling root tips of peaPisum sativum L., broad beanFaba vulgarisMoench., maizeZea mays L., lupinLupinus albus L., and pumpkinCucurbita maximaDuch., and in tips of adventive roots of onionAllium cepa L. by means of the alcian blue /JJK procedure applied to paraffin sections. In pea, some genetic (various cultivars) and eco-physiological (different harvests, various localities, diverse way of germination, uneven seedling age, unequal stage of cell growth) factors...

Book reviews

V. Herout, B. Slavík, T. Gichner, Ingrid Tichá, F. Starý, Z. Opatrný, Jiřina Slavíková

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:475-480 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923355

Induction of chromosomal disturbances other than tetraploidy in barley root tips by colchicine treatment

Květuše Schwammenhöferová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:464-467 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923352

Barley embryos were treated by 0.1% colchicine for 30 min. Samples of root tips were fixed after 4 h, 8 h and 12 h. In the first sample,c-metaphases, normal metaphases and anaphases were present jointly. Inc-metaphases, chromosomes sometimes tended to make two groups with 7 chromosomes in each. In anaphases, lagging chromosomes, tripolar and multipolar anaphasos were found. No chromosomal aberrations were detected in anaphases and metaphases. No chromosome disturbances were found in root tips sampled 8 h and 12 h after colchicine treatment.

Changes in total contents of saccharides, proteins and chlorophyll in malformed mango inflorescence induced by fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans

N. C. Chattopadhyay, B. Nandi

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:468-471 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923353

Fusarium moniliforme var.subglutinansWr. etRg. causes malformations of mango inflorescences that finally fail to fruit. The host-cultivar Himsagar showed higher contents of total saccharides, chlorophyll and protein than the cultivar Bombai. Considerable loss in saccharides and chlorophyll contents and increase in protein content as a result of malformation of inflorescence was recorded in both the host-cultivars which progressed with time.

Diurnal changes in leaf water potential of rice, barley and wheat

S. K. Dutt, K. S. Gill

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:472-474 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923354

The diurnal changes in leaf water potential of rice, barley and wheat corresponded to changes in air temperature. The soil moisture did not affect the diurnal changes in leaf water potential of rice and only slightly affected that of barley and wheat.