Biologia plantarum, 1991 (vol. 33), issue 4

Article

Isolation and kinetic properties of phosphorylase from Yellow Yam Tuber (Dioscorea cayenensis)

U. Oluoha, E. N. Ugochukwu

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:249-261 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885371

Two forms of α-glucan phosphorylase were isolated fromDioscorea cayenensis by ammonium sulphate gradient solubilization and further purified using starch adsorption and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 colunm. Fraction DC₁was purified 80 fold with specific activity of 400 umol min^-1 mg^-1 protein, while fraction DC₂showed 60 fold purification with specific activity of 300 umol min^-1 mg^-1 protein. Both enzyme forms were activated by AMP, magnesium, calcium and inhibited by ATP, ADP, ADP-glucose and sodium sulphate. They showed absolute primer requirement and...

Structure and water absorption of different parts of the rose achene pericarp during imbibition

S. Gudin, Laurence Arene, A. Chavagnat, Camille Bullard

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:262-267 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885372

Rose achene imbibition is difficult. Comparison of sulphuric acid treated, Cross and Beavanś reagent (C. B. reagent) treated seeds with untreated seeds showed that, during imbibition, water is essentially found in the most external pericarp layer. Inner layers appear less permeable. It is possible to distinguish three layers in the pericarp by taking into account results from imbibition assays, X-ray radiographies and scanning electron microscopic observations. They can be interpreted as representing the epi-, meso- and endocarp.

Organ correlations inchenopodium rabrum l. shoots studied by Means of³²P Distribution

Libuše Pavlová, J. Krekule, Dagmar Součková

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:268-276 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885373

21-day old plants ofChenopodium rubrum L. ecotype 374 were used. Organ relationships in the shoots were investigated by³²P distribution, which indicated different organ correlations in plants grown in continuous light and in plants treated with flower-inducing and non-inducing dark periods. Dark periods were associated with a low³²P distribution in young leaves and a high one in axillary buds. In the following light period the high³²P distribution in axillary buds continued whereas the³²P distribution in the leaves on the main axis increased and was similar to that in plants grown in continuous light....

Enzymes of auxin biosynthesis and their regulation I. Tryptophan and phenylalanine aminotransferase in pea plants

Sultana D. Terziivanova-Dimova, M. Kutáček

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:277-286 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885374

The transaminations of L-tryptophan (L-trp) and of L-phenylalanine (L-phe) are catalysedin vitro by the same non-specific aminotransferase. The transaminations procceed at the same pH (pH 8.5) and temperature (45 °C) optima, have parallel increases in activity with addition of the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PRP) and have identical elution characteristics in gel chromatography. The enzyme from pea seedlings has a relatively weak affinity for both amino acids (K_m L-trp = 4.16 × 10^-1 mmol 1^-1; K_m L-phe = 2.10 × 10^-1 mmol 1^-1). Differences in affinity for a series of keto acids...

Resveratrol accumulation in grapevine infected with grapevine vein necrosis disease

Valéria Šubíková

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:287-290 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885375

Trans-resveratrol (4,3',5'-trishydroxystilbene) was identified in grapevine leaves with vein necrosis disease symptoms. The compound accumulates from 10 to 60 μg^-1 (fresh mass) in infected leaves.

Different effects of pretreatment with tritiated thymidine (³H-dTh) on radiation-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei inVicia faba root tip cells

P. Kuglík, Jana Šlotová

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:291-297 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885376

Primary roots ofVicia faba were grown for 24 h in the presence of tritiated thymidine (1.85-18.5 kBq ml^-1) and then irradiated with a dose of 1.5 Gy of⁶⁰Co-gamma- rays. The aim of these experiments was to determine whether low-level endogenous beta-irradiation from incorporated radioactive thymidine could influence the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and the numbers of micronuclei induced by subsequent external irradiation with high doses of gamma-rays. The results demonstrated that the pretreatment with³H-dTh had no significant effect on the frequencies of SCEs in gamma-irradiated root tip cells...

Residual Nuclear structures fromZea mays L.

Zoya Galcheva-Gargova, Snezhana Doncheva, Elena Marinova, Stanka Koleva

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:298-302 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885377

Nuclei fromZea mays L. root tip meristematic cells were treated according to the conventional method for nuclear matrix isolation and according to a recently adapted procedure for isolation of nuclear shells from plant cells. In the first case, after high salt extraction of proteins and DNase I and RNase digestions, residual structures are obtained consisting of a periferal layer and an internal network. The obtained structures are very similar to the nuclear matrix preparations from animal cells. In case nuclei are swollen in EDTA first, digested with DNase II and RNase prior high salt treatment, structures devoid of internal network are obtained....

Acetylcholinesterase from oat Seedlings. I. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the enzyme

J. Kesy, A. Tretyn, H. Lukasiewicz, J. Kopcewicz

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:303-310 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885378

The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) isolated from coleoptiles of etiolated oat seedlings is strongly inhibited by neostigmine and less so by eserine. The optimum of the enzyme activity occurs at pH 7.2 and a temperature of + 36 °C. The enzyme Michaelis constant is 280 μM. Choline within the range of concentration from 0.001 to 10 mM does not affect the enzyme activity. Calcium ions at 5 mM concentration cause inhibition, while magnesium and manganese ions do not affect the enzyme activity.
AChE isolated from oat seedlings differs in a number of properties from AChE occurring in the tissues of other plants.

Der Einfluß von Kalium- und Stickstoffversorgung auf die Spaltöffnungsbewegung von Phaseolus vulgaris L. in verschiedenen Tageslängen

Petra Hudler, K. Burian

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:311-316 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885379

Potassium (K⁺) and nitrogen (N) supply affect stomatal apertures within the daylength conditions. There is a negative proportion between potassium supply and stomatal pore area: the smallest pores were to be found in the plants with K⁺ surplus, whereas the plants in K⁺ shortage had the largest pores. This is interpreted as a reaction of the plant to get more ions by an increased transpiration stream. With different nitrogen concentrations in the supply solution a similar proportion could be found, with the exception of the condition "N shortage in shortday", and further testing is necessary. The ionic supply has a parallel...

NADH- and Ferredoxin-Dependent Glutamate Synthase in the Life Span of the Second Leaf of Wheat Plant under Conditions of Senescence Induced by Nitrogen Deficiency and Natural Senescence

Alena Činčerová, Dagmar Novotná, M. Dvořák

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:317-324 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885380

The aim of this paper was to study, in the second leaf of wheat plants with a long ontogenesis (47 d), the activity of the enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamic acid. The activity of the NADH-dependent glutamate synthase prevailed in young tissues of not yet fully expanded second leaf at the stage of incomplete autotrophy (at this stage, organic carbon and nitrogen substances are transferred into the leaf). This form was completely inhibited by azaserine (1 mmol1^-1). The activity of the ferredoxin-dependent GOGAT increased with increasing leaf blade area, with its peak occuring at the time of maximum expansion of the assimilation...

Development of Epidermis on Banana Fruits

C Santhakumari, K. V Krishnamurthy

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:325-331 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885381

Fruit epidermis ofMusa (AAB) cv. Poovan (S) remains single-layered throughout its development. There is no change in stomatal number but its frequency and index decrease due to slight increase in epidermal cell number and size. The external wall of the epidermal cells shows stratification of wall layers that is characteristic of normal epidermal cell with cuticle and epicuticular wax deposits. Surface wax deposits show qualitative and quantitative variations during fruit development and ripening.

Thede novo Formation of Buds and Plantlets from Various Explants ofAilanthus altissima Mill. Culturedin vitro

M. Zenkteler, Barbara Stefaniak

Biologia plantarum 1991, 33:332-336 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885382

The hypocotyls, cotyledons, leaf blades, whole leaves and petioles of seedlings ofAilanthus altissima are capable of producing callus and budsin vitro. Buds and callus were also obtained from whole leaves and internodes of 2-years old plantlets grownin vitro. From the calli buds differentiated and later, both from buds developing directly without a callus phase and alsovia a callus phase, well developed shoots were formed. The cultures were mainained on MS medium in 2 combinations: A) IAA - 0.2 mg 1^-1, BAP - 1 mg 1^-1, GA₃ - 0.5 mg 1^-1, thiamine - 4 mg 1^-1 and sucrose...