Estimation of ubiquitin and ubiquitin mRNA content in dark senescing wheat leaves

M. L. Pinedo, S. M. Goicoechea, L. Lamattina, R. D. Conde

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:321 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896657

Wheat leaves(Triticum aestivum L. cv. San Agustin INTA) were detached at the moment they had reached maximum expansion, put in tubes containing water and left in darkness. Under these conditions, leaf protein content decreased mainly as consequence of an increased rate of breakdown. In the range of 0 to 72 h after detachment, western blot analysis of leaf protein extracts displayed both similar proportions of total protein and quality of ubiquitin conjugates. Northern blot analysis of leaf RNA extracts revealed a 1.6 kb ubiquitin mRNA transcript which increased 3.5-fold after 48 h of treatment. Thus wheat leaves maintain both their ability for...

Lectin biosynthesis in callus culture established from seeds ofCanavalia virosa

K. K. Jayavardhanan, J. Padikkala, K. R. Panikkar

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:329 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896658

Plant tissue cultures established from isolated embryos or cotyledons were used to investigate the lectin biosynthesis inCanavalia virosa. The lectin (CVL) was detected by double immunodiffusion and hemagglutination tests. CVL was present in all callus cultures. The stem and leaf of the plantlet generated from the embryo also contain CVL, but no CVL was detected in the roots. As compared to mature seeds, callus derived from cotyledon of immature seeds exhibited the largest CVL content.

Organogenesis andin vitro flowering ofEchinochloa colona. Effect of growth regulators and explant types

P. Das, S. Samantaray, G. R. Rout

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:335-342 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896659

Echinochloa colona regeneration via organogenesis in callus cultures derived from leaf base and mesocotyl expiants andin vitro flowering were achived. Shoot bud regeneration was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6.66 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2.68 μM 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 3 % (m/v) saccharose. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength basal MS medium with 2 % (m/v) saccharose devoid of growth regulators. About 90 -95 % of rooted plantlets survived in the greenhouse.In vitro flowering was induced in the regenerated shoots derived from callus on half strength MS medium...

Difluoromethylornithine counteracts effects of auxins and inhibitors of polar auxin transport on plant development

P. Nissen

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:343 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896660

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) counteracted several processes that are promoted or inhibited by auxins or inhibitors of polar auxin transport: inhibition of asymmetric gene expression in carrot, stimulation of gametic embryogenesis inBrassica, inhibition of root elongation in tobacco, inhibition of the development of lateral roots in pea and adventitious roots in apple, and inhibition of floral bud formation inArabidopsis

Auxin levels and auxin binding protein availability inrolB transformedBeta vulgaris cells

T. Xing, E. Blumwald, D. -Y. Zhang, J. F. Hall

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:351 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896662

The final biological effect of auxin depends both on free auxin levels and on auxin perception capacity.RolB transformedBeta vulgaris L. hairy roots provide a system for studying both factors. Highly purified plasma membrane fractions were prepared with aqueous two-phase partitioning. Individual hairy root clones were assessed for the binding activities of plasma membrane-bound auxin binding proteins and for their free intracellular indole-3-acetic acid levels. The presence of a high affinity auxin binding protein with a dissociation constant of 9.07 x 10^-7 M was detected in the plasma membrane fractions isolated from non-transformed...

Effect ofin vivo andin vitro application of the cytokinin N⁶ -(m-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine on respiration and membrane transport processes in sugar beet

A. Kotyk, M. Kamínek, J. Pulkrábek, J. Zahradníček

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:363 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896663

Sugar beet grown in pots was sprayed with N⁶-(m-hydroxybenzyl)adenosine, (mOH)- [9R]BAP, one of the synthetic cytokinins. Root tissue was then examined for respiration and for H⁺-adenosinetriphosphatase activity and both leaf and root tissue served as the object for 6-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-aminoisobutyric acid uptake estimations. Treatment with (mOH)[9R]BAP depressed the uptake of oxygen by the roots of both young and old plants by 17 - 30 % while addition of (mOH)[9R]BAP to the respiring slices decreased it by 10 - 23 %. Uptake of 6-deoxy-D-glucose was mostly diminished byin vivo spraying...

Abscisic acid and Ethrel abolish the inhibition of adventitious root formation of paclobutrazol-treated bean primary leaf cuttings

I. Tari, M. Nagy

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:369 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896664

Paclobutrazol (PB), a triazole growth retardant and an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, reduced at 17 μM concentration the adventitious root formation of bean primary leaf cuttings. Treatments with 5 μM ABA or 4 μM Ethrel, an ethylenereleasing compound, restored the rooting of PB-treated cuttings. Ethylene production and the content of the precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) were enhanced in root-forming tissues of PB-treated petioles 48 h after ABA application. The effect of ABA could be abolished by 10 μM CoCl₂, an inhibitor of ACC oxidase. Thus, ABA might stimulate rooting through its effect on ethylene...

Catalase activity in developing seedling of opium poppyPapaver somniferum L

L. Bezáková, M. Mikuš, H. Šmorgovičova, P. Kovács, M. Pšenák

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:377 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896666

Catalase is an enzyme unique to glyoxysomes in developing poppy seedlings. Catalase activity is very low in endosperm and in embryo of germinating poppy seeds. During postgerminative growth and development the enzyme activity increases rapidly with maximum in endosperm on day 2 and in developing seedling on day 3. A rapid decline of enzyme activity parallells the extension growth of poppy seedlings. Three electrophoretic forms of catalase have been detected in isolated glyoxysomes and partially purified catalase preparation. Electron microscopic observation indicates the presence of catalase in glyoxysomes of parenchyma cells of poppy seedling cotyledons....

Ferulic acid mediated changes in oxidative enzymes of maize seedlings: implications in growth

S. Rama Devi, M. N. V. Prasad

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:387 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896668

Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Ganga-5) seedlings were grown in the presence of ferulic acid (0.5 - 3.0 mM) for 8 d. Treatment with ferulic acid considerably decreased shoot and root length, increased the activity of peroxidase, catalase and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase and decreased the activity of polyphenol oxidase. The increased activity of peroxidase correlated with pronounced increase in content of lignin and phenolic compounds

Effect of 3-formylchromones substituted with 4-aminosalicylic acid and some other aniline derivatives on photosynthesis inhibition in spinach chloroplasts

K. Kráľová, F. Šeršeň, M. Lácová, H. Stankovičová

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:397 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896670

The inhibitory effect was investigated of 16 different 3-formylchromone derivatives, the condensation products of 6-R¹-3-formylchromone with 4-aminosalicylic acid and of the adducts of 6-R¹-3-formylchromone withn-alcohols and aminosalicylic acids or some other derivatives of aniline, on the photochemical activity of spinach chloroplasts. The inhibitory activity of the compounds studied correlated with the lipophilicity of the R¹ and R² (alkoxy) substituents. Using fluorescence study it was found that the site of action of the studied effectors is photosystem (PS) 2. By EPR spectroscopy it was confirmed...

Effect of NaCl, water stress or both on gas exchange and growth of wheat

A. M. Hamada

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:405 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896671

Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to various concentrations of NaCl and levels of drought were followed. With the rise of NaCl or drought, or NaCl and drought together, growth was retarded. The water content of shoots and roots was mostly unchanged. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were increased in plants subjected to salinity or drought or both. Only high salinity level induced a considerable decrease in net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and dark respiration rate (R_D). P_N and R_D were decreased with the decrease of soil moisture content. The content of Na⁺ in the shoots and roots...

Photosynthesis of natural cocksfoot populations under water and salt stresses

P. Ramos, N. Pedrol, M. J. Reigosa

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:413 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896672

Sampling of natural cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) populations was carried out on the O Morrazo peninsula in NW Spain, characterized by a strong moisture gradient. The plants were kept in greenhouse under standard conditions. Nevertheless, they differ in height of plants, length and width of flag leaves, panicle size, stomatal density and size as well as in flowering period. The effects of two levels of soil water deficit and two levels of salinity on photosynthetic rate were tested. One population was exceptionally well adapted to its original environment with great tolerance to water deficit and salinity

Effects of fusaric acid on respiration in maize root mitochondria

A. R. Telles-Pupulin, S. P. S. S. Diniz, A. Bracht, E. L. Ishii-Iwamoto

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:421 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896673

The effects of fusaric acid, a phytotoxin produced byFusarium pathogens, on the metabolism of isolated maize root mitochondria and on maize seed germination and seedling growth were investigated. The phytotoxin inhibited basal and coupled respiration when succinate and α-ketoglutarate were the substrates. Coupled respiration dependent on NADH was inhibited, but basal respiration was not. Consistently, succinate cytochromec oxidoreductase activity was decreased whereas NADH cytochromec oxidoreductase was not affected. The ATPase activities of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl hydrazone stimulated mitochondria and...

Growth responses of barley and wheat seedlings to lead and cadmium

A. F. Titov, V. V. Talanova, N. P. Boeva

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:431 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896675

The responses of barley and wheat seedlings to lead and cadmium ions in relation to the concentration and duration of treatment were studied. Both metals inhibited seed germination and growth of roots and shoots, but the toxic effect of cadmium was observed at lower concentrations. Inhibition of seedling growth was already recorded already within a day after the beginning of the treatment, and then increased further. The sensitivity of the processes studied to both the metals decreased in the order: root growth, shoot growth and seed germination. The resistance of barley and wheat to lead was similar, whereas the resistance to cadmium was higher in barley

β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase as pathogenesis-related proteins in the defense reaction of twoCapsicum annuum cultivars infected with cucumber mosaic virus

C. Egea, M. D. Alcázar, M. E. Candela

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:437 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896676

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Americano (tolerant) and cv. Smith-5 (sensitive), both elicited by infection with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), were assayed for chitinase and glucanase activities. Two basic PR-proteins, M_r 49.0 and 28.0 kD, were elicicited from the intracellular fraction (INTRA-F) of both cvs. by CMV infection, while four acidic M_r 15, 19, 36 and 40 kD and two basic M_r 21.2 and 24 kD PR-proteins were elicited from the intercellular fluid (IF) of cv. Americano leaves. Five acidic M_r 21.5, 23.2, 24.4, 25.2 and 36 kD and five basic M_r...

The effect of virus infection on morphology and protein components of pollen grains

K. Petrzik, J. Špak, J. Nebesářová, J. Fránova

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:445 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896678

Morphology of pollen grains collected from healthy and virus infected plants ofChenopodium quinoa L.,Chenopodium album L. andNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains from tobacco plans infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were smaller, with rounded shape and conspicuous deformation of aperture unlike oval and smooth pollen grains from healthy plants. No morphological alterations were observed inC. quinoa andC. album plants infected with TMV and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pollen proteins revealed substantial...

Phenolic compounds in date palm cultivars sensitive and resistant toFusarium oxysporum

A. Ziouti, C. El Modafar, A. Fleuriet, S. EL Boustani, J. J. Macheix

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:451-457 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896679

In date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves, the main compounds of the phenolic pool were quercetin and isorhamnetin heterosides, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. Although previously observed only in date palm fruits, 5-caffeoylshikimic acid (dactylifric acid) and its positional isomers (3-caffeoylshikimic acid and 4-caffeoylshikimic acid) were detected also in the leaves and roots. Quantitative, but not qualitative, differences between cultivars resistant and susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.albedinis during growth period were observed

Induced Mutations and Molecular Techniques for Crop Improvement

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:350 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896661

Callow, J.A. (ed.):Advances in Botanical Research. Vol. 19

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:376 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896665

Jones, R.L., Sommerville, C.R., Walbot, V. (ed):Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. Vol. 45

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:386 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896667

Lobban, C.S., Harrison, P.J.: Seaweed Ecology and Physiology

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:396 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896669

Cornish-Bowden, A.:Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:430 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896674

Bowles, D.J., Gilmartin, P.M., Knox, J.P., Lunt, G.G. (ed.):Molicular Botany: Signals and the Enviornment

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:444 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896677

Mohr, H., Schopfer, P.:Plant Physiology

J. Pospišilová

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:458 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896680

Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology. Vol. 10

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:468 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896683

Inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis by lead in greeningPisum sativum leaf segments

R. S. Sengar, M. Pandey

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:459-462 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896681

Supply of 0.01 to 1.0 mM lead acetate to greening pea(Pisum sativum L.) leaf segments either in the absence or in the presence of inorganic nitrogen lowered total chlorophyll (Chl) content. During a time course study, there was not any appreciable effect of Pb²⁺ upto 4 h but thereafter Pb inhibited Chl synthesis. While supply of succinate, cysteine dithiothreitol, 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid and NH₄C1 had no protective action against Pb²⁺ toxicity, and glycine, glutamate 2-oxoglutarate, MgCl₂, KH₂PO₄, CaCl₂, KC1 protected only partially, reduced glutathione (GSH)...

The influence of lead on callose formation in roots ofLemna minor L

S. Samardakiewicz, P. Strawiński, A. Woźny

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:463 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896682

The treatment ofLemna minor L. plants with Pb(NO₃)₂ for 90 min, 8 and 24 h resulted in intensified deposition of (l,3)-P-glucan (callose) in plants roots. It was localized in the protodermis of the root tip, and in the center of the stele in the region at the proximal part of the root cap and slightly above

Mercuric chloride induced membrane damage in tomato cultured cells

B. De, A. K. Mukherjee

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:469 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896684

Suspension cultures of tomato cells were used to study the membrane injury by the toxic concentration of mercuric chloride. Assessment of electrolyte leakage, UV-absorbance of the tissue leachates, relative leakage ratio, injury index, membrane lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, α-amino nitrogen and total soluble carbohydrate contents showed the extent of membrane damage as a function of the increasing concentration of mercuric chloride. It is suggested that the selected parameters can be used as qualitative tests for determination of stress-induced membrane damage

Ploidy instability of embryogenic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) callus culture

M. Kubaláková, J. Doležel, A. Lebeda

Biologia plantarum 1996, 38:475 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02896685

Embryogenic callus cultures were established from immature cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) embryos on E20A (Dumas de Vaulxet al. 1981) or MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) media supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and/or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Regeneration of plants was observed after a transfer to culture media either without growth regulators or supplemented with kinetin and NAA. Flow cytometry was employed to estimate DNA ploidy levels. Most of cell nuclei in young leaf tissues were found in G₁ phase with 2C DNA content. Callus cultures were mixoploid with DNA content ranging...