Growth and nocturnal acid accumulation during early ontogeny of Agave attenuata grown in nutrient solution and in vitro culture

H. Wen, J. Wagner, W. Larcher

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:1-11 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000342818872

Dry matter production of shoots and roots and the diurnal fluctuation of titratable acidity of single leaves were investigated in the CAM plant Agave attenuata during the first 70 d after germination. The plants were grown either in vermiculite sub-irrigated with a nutrient solution or in in vitro cultures on an inorganic nutrient agar. Two types of culture tube covers were used: either airtight closures or polypropylene caps with membranes permeable to air.
In the earliest ontogenetic phases of development (cotyledon and primary leaf stage), the plants were already able to carry out considerable nocturnal organic acid accumulation. In vitro cultivated...

Proline metabolism and NAD kinase activity in soybean calli during short- and long-term exposures to light and NaCl

G. Guerrier, O. Delumeau, M. Renard, D. Laval-Martin

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:1-9 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000900130319

Calli of soybean (Glycine max Merr.) cv. Maple Arrow grew better and accumulated more proline when cultured for 5 d on 70 mM NaCl under darkness than at light. This rapid proline accumulation in salinized soybean calli appeared to play a protective role rather than to be a cause of growth failure. Throughout a 28 d-culture cycle (in control and NaCl-treated calli exposed to light or darkness), we followed the possible relationships between the proline contents and the activities of enzymes of proline biosynthesis [ornithine transaminase; NAD(P)H-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase], of proline catabolism [NAD(P) proline dehydrogenase], and of NAD kinase...

P. Mathis (ed.): Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:10 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000921323475

Callus induction in culture of Oenothera hookeri and Oenothera picensis anthers

L.D. Martínez, I. Noher De Halac

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:11-16 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000980031227

In the present work we try to determine optimum conditions for callus induction in anther culture of Oenothera hookeri and O. picensis. The anther callus yield was increased when the anthers were cultured on modified MS medium supplied with 2 mg dm^-3 2,4-D and 2 mg dm^-3 NAA, in both species. In O. hookeri, best results were obtained when anthers were excised from 7.2 - 9 mm buds at the stage of vacuolated microspores, then pretreated at 4 °C for 2 d and grown under 16-h photoperiod. The response to anther culture of O. picensis was generally very poor compared with that of O. hookeri. The higher yield of calli was obtained when...

Jones, R.L., SAomerville, C.R., Walbot, V. (ed.): Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. Vol 46.

Z. šesták

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:12 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000621117629

Stomatal response to exogenous cytokinin treatment of the hemiparasite Melampyrum arvense L. before and after attachment to the host

Z. Lechowski

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:13 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000392502943

The effect of cytokinins (CKs) and K+ on stomatal behaviour in darkness were studied in the root hemiparasite Melampyrum arvense before (the preparasitic stage) and after attachment to the host (Capsella bursa pastoris L. Med.). The solutes were applied with xylem stream. The stomatal apparatus of the attached hemiparasite was insensitive to externally supplied CKs and K+. Contrary to this finding, the stomatal aperture of hemiparasite in the preparasitic stage increased to about 25, 40 and 69% of the value obtained in light, respectively, after treatment with 200 mM KCl and 10-5 M zeatin riboside ([9R]Z), applied separately or together. CKs influenced...

Regeneration of a metal tolerant grass Echinochloa colona via somatic embryogenesis from suspension culture

G.R. Rout, S. Samantaray, P. Das

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:17-23 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000984115298

An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures of metal tolerant grass Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Callus was obtained by culturing leaf base on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm^-3 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2.0 mg dm^-3 of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Cell suspensions were initiated and established in MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg dm^-3 BAP, 1.0 mg dm^-3 NAA and 2.0 mg dm^-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A reduction in the concentration of 2,4-D to 0.5 mg dm^-3 induced formation of...

W.G. Hopkins, (ed.): Introduction to Plant Physiology

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:22 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000673201699

Effect of carbon dioxide enrichment during in vitro cultivation and acclimation to ex vitro conditions

J. Solárová, J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:23-30 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000344619781

Tobacco and carnation plantlets were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog's medium with 2 % saccharose. Carnation plantlets were also grown fully photoautotrophically on a medium without saccharose. The ambient CO2 concentration was increased from 0.6 to 10 or 40 g m-3 during the last 3 weeks of in vitro cultivation or during the first 3 weeks of acclimation to ex vitro condition (plantlets transplanted to pots with sand and nutrient solution) or during both growth phases. CO2 enrichment during in vitro cultivation markedly stimulated growth of tobacco plantlets, and also of carnation plantlets, both with and without saccharose. CO2 enrichment during...

Jones, R.L., Somerville, C.R., Walbot, V. (ed.): Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:24 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000973307545

Induction of somaclonal variation by tissue culture and cytogenetic analysis in Oryza sativa L

B. Chatterjee, P. Das Gupta

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:25-32 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000936232136

Protocols were developed for plant regeneration from callus induced in mature embryos of rice. Somaclonal variation was scored by genome mutation, chromosome mutation and plasmon mutation in R₀, R₁ and R₂ plant progenies. The frequency of haploids and diploids appeared in the ratio of 20:33. Variation in the chromosome number in callus cells was found to be high and age dependent. Different types of chlorophyll deficient mutants including albinos appeared in R₂ plant progeny where gene mutation frequency was the highest (52.4 %). The results revealed that a high frequency of somaclonal variation is possible...

Influence of light-induced greening on storage of potato microtubers

P.S. Naik, D. Sarkar

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:31-34 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000396603851

The effect of light-induced greening of microtubers on their storage behaviour was studied in 16 genotypes of potato. Greening improved the storage of microtubers in terms of shrinkage, biomass loss and sprout emergence. A significant genotype × treatment interaction for shrinkage was observed.

Transient b-glucuronidase activity after infiltration of Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

S. Rakouský, T. Kocábek, R. Vincenciová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:33-41 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000988316206

Transient expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana intact plants by T-DNA after vacuum infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was followed. The first incidence of GUS activity was found 2 - 3 d after treatment and a peak of activity one week after treatment in both A. thaliana races, Columbia and C24. GUS activity was sharply increased by cultivation of Arabidopsis plants at elevated temperature (29 °C) compared to cultivation at 25 °C. The density of inocula also influenced the GUS activity.

Glutathione metabolism in soybean callus-cultures as affected by salinity

A.E. El-Enany

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:35-39 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000348720689

Induction and growth of soybean callus cultures were influenced by NaCl, especially at the highest concentration tested (150 mM). Protein content was raised as NaCl was increased in the Murashige and Skoog medium. Total sulfhydryl group (-SH) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were also increased in NaCl treated cultures. The affinity (Km) of glutathione reductase (GR) for oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was gradually increased as NaCl level was raised in the medium. The GSH/GSSG ratio was raised significantly as the result of GR activity. The increase in GR activity may constitute an adaptive response of soybean callus to NaCl.

Lea, P.J., Leegood, R.C. (ed.): Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:40 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000625318537

Changes in abscisic and gibberellic acids contents during the release of potato seed dormancy

R. Bhargava

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:41-45 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000300804760

Gas chromatographic measurements demonstrated that the content of endogenous gibberellic acid increased and that of abscisic acid decreased during storage of potato seeds, suggesting that the dormancy of the seeds is controlled by the balance between these two hormones.

Belhassen, E. (ed.): Drought Tolerance in Higher Plants: Genetical, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:42 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000925408454

Polymerase chain reaction detect polymorphisms and trait association in soybean

K. Zhang, K.M. Soliman, V.T. Sapra

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:43-53 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000940400276

Five sets of synthetic oligonucleotide (20-to 24-mers containing no intenal repeats) primers of known gene sequences [yellow lupin nodule specific (hydroxyl) proline-rich protein, pearl millet alcohol dehydrogenase, Pisum sativum heat shock proteins, Drosophila homeobox, and tRNA] were used to differentiate 73 soybean accessions, including 56 Glycine max (L.) Merr. and 17 G. soja Zucc. & Sieb. The amplified genetic markers revealed polymorphic bands for most genotypes studied. The χ²-analyses of the results showed that several fragments produced with these gene primers were associated non-randomly with resistance to Phytophothora,...

Tnaji, K.K., Yaron, B. (ed.): Management of Water Use in Agriculture

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:46 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000677302608

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on chlorophyll, nucleic acid and protein contents in maize

G. Prasad, K.K. Sinha, M.M. Ali

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:47-50 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000352821598

Aflatoxin B1 significantly lowered the contents of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and protein (both quantititive and qualitative) of germinating seeds of maize cv. Suwan Composite and also the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids in seedlings. The extent of inhibition depended on the concentration of toxin.

Regeneration of roots, shoots and embryos: physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects

G.-J. De Klerk, B. Arnholdt-Schmitt, R. Lieberei, K.-H. Neumann

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:53-66 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000304922507

When the proper stimuli are given, somatic plant cells may form adventitious embryos, roots or shoots. The three pathways of regeneration show apparent similarities. They consist of three analogous phases: 1) dedifferentiation (during which the tissue becomes competent to respond to the organogenic/embryogenic stimulus), 2) induction (during which cells become determined to form either a root, a shoot or an embryo), and 3) realization (outgrowth to an organ or an embryo). The first phase may involve a period of callus growth (indirect regeneration), but often cells present in the explant become competent without cell division or without cell division...

Brouillard, R., Jay, M., Scalbert, A. (ed.): Polyphenols 94

M. Cvikrová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:54 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000929525292

Genomic fingerprints in the tribe Triticeae produced by PCR using a tRNA consensus primer

P.V. Reddy, K.M. Soliman

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:55-65 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000992417115

Forty-one accessions belonging to ten genera of the tribe Triticeae representing both wild and cultivated species were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of two consensus tRNA primers tested, one primer revealed characteristic amplification products for all of the species. A total of 35 tRNA markers were scored across all accessions. Five genus-specific and three species-specific markers were obtained. Genomic fingerprints were largely conserved within a genus. The phylogram obtained using parsimony has separated most of the accessions into their prevailing taxonomic species and genus groups. The phylogram showed close association among the...

Chapman, A.R.O., M.T., Lahaye, M. (ed.): Development in Hydrobiology

O. Komárek

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:66 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000981509363

Optimization of culture media for in vitro rooting of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Compact Spartan

P. Druart

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:67-77 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000309023415

Shoots of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Compact Spartan raised in vitro do not root in a single auxin medium. Components of the rooting medium were tested not only for root initiation but also for root elongation. Root emergence and further growth were inhibited by a too prolonged auxin treatment, the presence of NH4NO3 and the lack of substrate aeration. Saccharose was essential to achieve highly reproducible root growth on agar but was not necessary on watered vermiculite. Ca(NO3)2 stimulated root initiation, emergence and growth and improved their viability.

A mutation at AP2 locus of Arabidopsis confers spermine resistance

J.I. Mirza, H.M. Saeed

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:67-73 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000944501185

A spermine-resistant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was isolated from M2 population of ethylmethanesulphonate-mutagenized seeds. The mutant was resistant to seed germination inhibition by spermine, but was as sensitive as the wild-type to spermidine and putrescine. In addition, the mutant displayed developmental abnormalities such as frequent cauline leaves, increased number of branches with inflorescence, reduced apical dominance, flowers subtended by bracts, disrupted floral organs with homeotic conversions. Genetic analysis indicated a single recessive nuclear mutation that was allelic to apetala2-1 (AP2-1). The new mutant allele of...

Fitter, A.H., Stribley, D.P.: Plant-Microbe Symbiosis: Molecular Approaches

V. Čatská

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:74 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000933626201

Changes in concentration of endogenous growth inhibitors during growth recovery of dwarf pea seedlings

H. Kato-Noguchi, T. Hashimoto

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:75-79 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000996518023

In order to clarify the role of endogenous growth inhibitors A-2α and A-2β in a dwarf pea plant, red light (emission peak 657 nm) treated, 9-d-old seedlings of dwarf pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Progress No. 9) were transferred to darkness, and the resulting changes in growth rate and concentrations of A-2α and A-2β were monitored. The growth rate of the epicotyls increased, and the concentration of the inhibitors in the epicotyls decreased, according to sigmoidal time courses. The relationship between the logarithms of the concentration of the inhibitors and the corresponding growth rate was linear. These results suggest that A-2α...

Mathis, P. (ed.): Photosynthesis: from Light to Bioshpere. Vol. 1.

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:78 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000629419446

Anatomical and ultrastructural examination of adventitious root formation in stem slices of apple

J. Jásik, G.-J. De Klerk

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:79-90 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000313207486

Adventitious root formation in vitro in 1-mm stem slices cut from microshoots of apple cv. Jork 9 was studied using light and electron microscopy. When indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had been added to the medium, starch grains accumulated during the first 24 h of culture in cells of the cambial region and in cells in the vicinity of vascular tissue and in the primary rays. This accumulation occurred only in the basal part of explants. After that, the nuclei in these cells were activated, and the density of the cytoplasm and the number of cell organelles increased, whereas starch was broken down. Cambium cells started to divide transversely and at 96 h,...

Gräber, P., Milazzo, G. (ed.): Bioenergetics

J. Nauš

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:80 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000985610271

Photosynthesis in different types of transgenic tobacco plants with elevated cytokinin content

J. Pospíšilová, H. Synková, I. Macháčková, J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:81-89 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000948602094

Photosynthetic parameters were compared in three types of transgenic tobacco plants: ipt-transgenic plants with slightly elevated endogenous cytokinin (CK) content, Pssu-ipt-transgenic plants with markedly increased CK content, and zmp-transgenic plants with slightly elevated CK content accompanied by elevated auxin content. Slightly increased CK content promoted net photosynthetic rate (P_N) in both ipt- and zmp-transgenic plants, and chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents in zmp-transgenic plants. Morphology, growth characteristics, stomatal conductance, and parameters of Chl a fluorescence kinetics were similar in control and transgenic...

Van den Boogaard, R.: Variation among Wheat Cultivars in Efficiency of Water Use and Growth Parameters

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:90 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000937727109

Lobban, C.S., Harrison, P.J.: Seaweed Ecology and Physiology

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:90 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000989711180

Biochemical aspects of almond microcuttings related to in vitro rooting ability

E. Caboni, M.G. Tonelli, P. Lauri, P. Iacovacci, C. Kevers, C. Damiano, T. Gaspar

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:91-97 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000365224324

Microcuttings of seven genotypes of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill) used as peach rootstocks, showed different rooting ability in vitro. No direct relationship was found between peroxidase activity and total phenol content, determined in the whole microcuttings prior to the root inducing treatment, and the rooting ability of these genotypes. However, a positive relationship was found between free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level and IAA-aspartate and the rooting response. After transferring into the rooting medium, peroxidase activity of the easiest-to-root genotype increase up to a peak and then declined and the total phenol content showed an opposite...

Control of PAR-saturated CO2 exchange rate in some C3 and CAM plants

S.L. Nielsen, S. Enríquez, C.M. Duarte

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:91-101 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000900718932

We measured PAR-saturated CO₂ exchange rate (CER), and leaf N, P and chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations in 21 plant species, selected to encompass as broad a range in specific leaf area (SLA) as possible, and encompassing non-succulent C3 as well as succulent CAM plants. We worked with plants growing under uniform conditions in the facilities of a biological research station to ensure that any correlations found were due to inherent, genetically controlled, relationships between the measured parameters and not due to variations in resource availability in different habitats. We found CER to be strongly correlated to SLA, leaf N concentration...

Basra, A.S. (ed.): Mechanisms of Plant Growth and Improved Productivity. Modern Approaches

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:98 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000681403516

Isolation of mRNA species related to the rooting induction in almond and apple through the differential display technique

E. Caboni, P. Lauri, B. Watillon, C. Damiano

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:99-104 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000317308394

Differential display of mRNA has been recently developed as a tool to detect and characterize changes in gene expression. We applied this technique to fruit trees plantlets induced to root in vitro, in order to isolate and study genes involved in root induction. A reproducible pattern of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products was obtained, both in almond and apple, in vertical polyacrylamide gels stained with ethidium bromide. Differences in PCR fingerprinting were detected in mRNAs of basal part of either auxin induced or non induced microcuttings. Thus, we suggest that this technique can be used in woody species to detect changes among mRNA populations...

Verma, D.P.S. (ed.): Signal Transduction in Plant Growth and Development

I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:102 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000941828018

Wounding-induced cell wall pH shifts in coleoptile segments of various Poaceae

W.S. Peters

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:103-108 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000952703002

Wounding-induced extracellular pH shifts were characterized previously in excised segments of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. In the present study it is demonstrated that similar pH shifts also occur in Triticum aestivum L., Secale cereale L., Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Sorghum durra (Forsk.) Stapf, and Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., with characteristic quantitative differences between the species. Indole-acetic acid induces pronounced drops of the medium pH in all species except Setaria italica.

Toxicity of ethanol during proliferation and adventitious root formation in apple microcuttings in vitro

G.-J. De Klerk, J. Ter Brugge, S. Marinova

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:105-112 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000369309303

We have examined the toxicity of ethanol in tissue culture of the apple rootstock 'Jork 9'. During proliferation through axillary branching, 0.2% (v/v) ethanol slightly stimulated proliferation whereas significant inhibition occurred at concentrations of 0.4 % or higher. In adventitious root formation, significant inhibition occurred at concentrations of 0.1 % or higher. The effect of ethanol was stage-dependent: during the induction period (i.e. from 24 to 72 h after the start of the rooting treatment), there was little or no inhibition. During autoclaving, ethanol evaporated to ca. 50 %.

Effect of salinity, gibberellic acid and Azospirillum inoculation on growth and nitrogen uptake of Zea mays

M.A. Hamdia, H.M. El-Komy

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:109-120 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000904819841

Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the possible interaction of salinity (osmotic potential -0.3, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa) and occurrence of Azospirillum lipoferum or exogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃) (100 µg g^-1) on growth and some physiological parameters of maize. ¹⁵N-uptake as well as the percentage of nitrogen derived from ¹⁵N-fertilizer were decreased by increasing the NaCl concentrations and completely inhibited at concentrations corresponding to osmotic potentials -0.9 and -1.2 MPa. The percentage of nitrogen originating from N₂ fixation was significantly correlated to the total counts...

Differences in compounds released by embryogenic and non-embryogenic suspension cultures of Euphorbia pulcherrima

K. Brandau, W. Preil, R. Lieberei

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:113-124 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000373426141

Media from embryogenic and non-embryogenic cell suspension cultures were analysed for protein content, electrophoretic protein patterns, glycoproteins and activity of peroxidases and β-glucosidases in order to characterize the physiological status of the cultures. On a dry mass basis the amount of extracellular proteins per cell was greater in embryogenic suspensions than in non-embryogenic suspensions. Non-embryogenic suspensions contained unidentified slimy compounds which were not present inembryogenic cultures. The extracellular Concanavalin A-specific glycoproteins gave different isoelectric focussing patterns and thus enabled embryogenic...

Effect of cadmium on proline accumulation and ribonuclease activity in rice seedlings: role of proline as a possible enzyme protectant

K. Shah, R.S. Dubey

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:121-130 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000956803911

When seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Ratna and Jaya were raised under 100 and 500 µM cadmium nitrate in the medium, a high proline content was noted in Cd²⁺ stressed seedlings compared to controls. Seedlings grown under 500 µM Cd(NO₃)₂ maintained increased proline level compared to non-stressed seedlings. Kinetic properties of RNase extracted from control grown and Cd²⁺ stressed seedlings showed a marked alteration in Km due to Cd²⁺ treatment. The RNase isoforms were purified from 15-d-old rice seedlings with a total purification of 22.25 fold and 74.75 % yield using...

Biochemical variation between non-embryogenic and embryogenic calli of silver fir

A. Kormuťák, B. Vooková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:125-130 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000325510211

Comparative study on SDS-protein profiles and isoenzyme composition of non-embryogenic and embryogenic calli in two callus lines of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) revealed the presence of abundant polypeptide fractions and an increased number of isoperoxidases in non-embryogenic calli. Non-specific esterase, on the other hand, exhibited an opposite tendency, while glutamate dehydrogenase was the only enzyme system consisting uniformly of one isoenzyme band in both types of calli investigated.

Quantitative variations of indolyl compounds including IAA, IAA-aspartate and serotonin in walnut microcuttings during root induction

F. Gatineau, J.G. Fouché, C. Kevers, J.F. Hausman, T. Gaspar

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:131-137 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000377511120

Shoots of the hybrid walnut Juglans nigra x Juglans regia contained serotonin in the micromole range and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the nanomole range. The serotonin level fell by 40 % in 12 h in auxin (IBA) treated whole shoots and then reincreased to a maximum (50 %over the control) after 36 h. The same pattern was followed in the top portions of the shoot but in the shoot bases, serotonin always remained under the control level. The early decrease of serotonin was correlated with an increase in IAA-aspartate. The early decrease and peaking of the serotonin level preceded and corresponded to the increase and peaking of free IAA in the shoot bases....

Membrane lipid peroxidation, free radical scavangers and ethylene evolution in Amaranthus as affected by lead and cadmium

S. Bhattacharjee

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:131-135 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000908904819

Membrane lipid peroxidation, activity of free radical scavangers and ethylene evolution of Amaranthus lividus seedlings were used to determine the lead and cadmium (1, 10, 100 and 1000 µM) induced phytotoxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher lipoxygenase activity (LOX) was found in the 7-d-old treated seedlings. The activities of free radical scavangers like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase declined considerably with the concomitant rise in hydrogen peroxide level. Heavy metal treatment also caused decline in ethylene evolution in germinating seedlings.

Smith, A.R., Berry, A.W., Harpham, N.J.V., Moshkov, I.E., Novikova, G.V., Kulaeva, O.N., Hall, M.A. (ed.): Plant Hormone Signal Perception and Transduction

I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:136 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000993828927

Plant regeneration from coleoptile tissue of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A. Varshney, T. Kant, S.L. Kothari

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:137-141 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000913021658

Plant regeneration was achieved from coleoptile tissue of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kharachia-65). Coleoptiles (1.0 - 3.5 cm long) were excised from 2- to 5-d-old seedlings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D - 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mg dm^-3). Cream, friable callus was obtained after 6 weeks of inoculation. This callus was sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2.5 mg dm^-3) and 5 % coconut water. After 6 weeks of sub-culturing white, cream or pale, friable, nodular callus was obtained. Plant regeneration occurred when this callus was sub-cultured...

Plant genotype and growth regulators interaction affecting in vitro morphogenesis of blackberry and raspberry

B. Mezzetti, G. Savini, F. Carnevali, D. Mott

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:139-150 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000381612029

The morphogenic response of somatic (leaf and petiole) and de-differentiated tissue (callus) of two blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) and one raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivars have been studied in vitro. With the aim to induce regeneration the effect of two sets of plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations (high cytokinin/auxin ratios and high auxin/cytokinin ratios) in Murashige and Skoog basal medium, were analysed. The three cultivars were characterised by a qualitatively different morphogenic response to the PGR combinations. Raspberry adventitious shoot regeneration from somatic tissue was improved by the 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)/indol-3-butyric...

Schlechter, R.: Die Orchideen

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:142 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000997912997

Micropropagation of Karwinskia parvifolia and the transfer of plants to ex vitro conditions

A. Lux, D. Lišková, A. Piñeyro Lopez, J. Ruiz Ordoñez, D. Kákoniová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:143-147 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000965005728

Zygotic embryos of Karwinskia parvifolia, isolated from seeds obtained from different regions of Mexico, were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.06 µM indole-3-acetic acid, 0.03 µM gibberellic acid, and 2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine. The growth of embryos and multiplication of shoots from stem segments were achieved. Rooting of excised shoots could be initiated on basal WPM medium with prolonged subculture period to 2 months, or on WPM medium supplemented with 10 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Multiplication capacity of shoots and rooting of K. parvifolia differed in dependence on the origin of explant material....

Shewry, P.R., Halford, N.G., Hooley, R. (ed.): Protein Phosphorylation in Plants

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:148 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000950129835

Photosynthetic characteristics in Brassica carinata hybrids and their parents as influenced by moisture stress

S.R. Voleti, D.C. Uprety

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:149-153 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000917122566

The response of Brassica carinata hybrids and their parents to moisture stress at different growth stages was studied. B. carinata 226 was found to be susceptible to stress at pre-flowering and post-flowering stages while B. carinata 241 at flowering stage. Neither the changes in stomatal conductance nor in chlorophyll content could fully explain the reduction in net photosynthetic rate (P_N) induced by stress. B. carinata 241 had higher leaf water potential (ψ_w) although, it had lower P_N compared to B. carinata 226. Both the parents had lower P_N as well as leaf ψ_w. The stress response of...

Paclobutrazol stimulates bud regeneration in Solanum tuberosum L. primary explant cultures

J. Opatrná, P. Novák, Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:151-158 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000385712937

The growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) inhibited stem internode growth of in vitro cloned potato plants. The extent of growth inhibition caused by10-9 M PBZ in Murashige and Skoog medium was genotype-specific, varying between 10 - 60% of the stem growth of untreated controls in ten cultivars examined. An increase in percentage of de novo bud regenerating stem internode segments (SIS) as well as in the total number of buds per explant was observed in SIS taken from PBZ pretreated plants. PBZ applied directly into the regenerative media had no stimulatory effect on there generation process. We assume that the enhancing effect of PBZ on regeneration...

Smith, S.E., Read, D.J.: Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

V. Čatská

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:154 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000902213906

Search for lectins in seeds of tropical trees of Kerala, India

R. Prakashkumar, P. Pushpangadan, T. Vijayakumar

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:155-158 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000969206637

Tissue specific plant lectins were searched in the seeds of 44 tropical trees of Kerala, India. Seeds of only 12 plant species showed lectin activity. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine was the best inhibitor of lectin activity for the majority of the seeds. Lectin activity in the seeds of 4 species were not inhibited by any of the mono- or polysaccharides used.

Blankenship, R.E., Madigan, M.T. and Bauer, C.E. (ed.): Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria

J. Nauš

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:159-160 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000633520354

Chaudhary, B.R., Agrawal, S.B. (ed.): Cytology, Genetics and Molecular Biology of Algae

T. Kalina

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:159-160 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000954230744