Heterogeneity of the maize leaf blade in photosynthetic characteristics, respiration, mineral nutrient contents, and growth substances

J. Repka, Zuzana Jureková

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:145 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894873

N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents, chlorophyll content, gibberellin-like substance content, photosynthetic and respiration rates, Hill reaction activity, and specific leaf area of different parts of the leaf blade of maize (Zea mays L.) were determined. Parts with highest values of the determined components and processes were marked in the longitudinal and transverse profiles of the leaf blade. The established gradients of substance contents and of the functional activity were related to the growth stage of the leaf.

The variations in isoenzyme patterns of alcohol dehydrogenase and their substrate specificity in germinating pea seeds

Noemi Čeřovská, Sylva Leblová

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:156 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894875

In pea alcohol dehydrogenase (PADH) four isoenzymes were detected with the same mobility in one-and two-day germinating seeds; in three-and four-day seedlings the isoenzyme fastest moving towards the anode was lacking. These isoenzymes did not differ in substrate specificity to ethanol, propanol, butanol, and allyl alcohol, but only three of them reacted with isobutanol, and two with cyclohexanol.
On germination of seeds in actinomycin D at a concentration of 30 μg ml^-1 two isoenzymes disappeared and the activity of the other two was considerably lower.

Investigations on the causes of low susceptibility of scentless mayweed to 2,4-D

Daniela Chodová, Eva Bergmannová, L. Taimr

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:161 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894877

White mustard (Sinapis alba L.) plants, susceptible to 2,4-D, and scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum maritimum L.) plants, resistant to 2,4-D, markedly differ in the distribution and metabolism of 2,4-D. When 2,4-D-¹⁴C was applied onto the leaf, radioactivity was found in mustard after 8 days in the entire plant, whereas in scentless mayweed radioactivity occurred mainly in the leaf onto which it was applied and in another one or two leaves, with the roots showing only traces of radioactivity. The two plant species differed both in the character and in the number and amount of metabolites detected in aqueous and ether fractions....

Changes in soluble amino nitrogen, protein, nitrate reductase activity and abscisic acid during development of wheat grain

O. S. Singh, K. R. Vijayakumar

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:168 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894879

Trends in the time course, changes in the moisture, soluble amino acids, proline, abscisic acid contents and nitrate reductase activity determined byin vivo method in the developing seeds of wheat were studied. Maximum dry matter augmentation in the seed took place in the period between 10-30 days after anthesis. Per cent moisture and moisture content started declining 15 days and 25 days after anthesis, respectively. Levels of soluble amino acids, proline and nitrate reductase activity were higher during initial stages of seed development, but decreased with increasing magnitude of dehydration and accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in the...

Comparison of esterase isoenzyme patterns in seeds of someAllium species and in cultivars ofAllium cepa L

Věra Hadačová, Eva Klozová, E. Hadač, Věra Turková, Květa Pitterová

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:174 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894881

Esterase isoenzyme patterns were studied in seeds of 6 cultivars ofAllium cepa L. and of14 species ofAllium, namelyAllium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.,A. altaicum (Pall.) Reyse,A. Cristophii Trautv.,A. fistulosum L.,A. jajlae Vved.,A. Karsianum Fom.,A. nutans L.,A. porrum L. cv. Gigant,A. praemixtum Vved.,A. pskemense Vved.,A. ramosum L.,A.rotundum L.,A. schoenoprasum L.,A. stipitatum Regel. The cultivars differ in their isoenzyme patterns, the cultivar Kaštická stands apart from all the other cultivars, probably due to the high alkalinity...

Drought resistance in pearl millet

B. K. Garg, S. Kathju, A. N. Lahiri, S. P. Vyas

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:182-185 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894882

The influence of wilting on the levels of free proline, soluble proteins, reducing sugars, starch and on the activities of nitrate reductase, invertase, amylase and pyrophosphatases have been studied in the leaf tissue of five cultivars of pearl millet at their vegetative stage under pot culture conditions. The metabolic changes could not be correlated with the yield behaviour of the cultivars under a drought condition in the field.

Lectins from seeds of jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia L.): isolation and purification of two isolectins from the albumin fraction

R. de Azevedo Moreira, Iracema Lima Ainouz

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:186 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894883

Two isolectins were isolated from the albumin fraction ofArtocarpus integrifolia L. seeds, by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and DEAE-cellulose and SP-Sephadex C-50 chromatography. The isolectins, when passed through Sephadex G-100 at pH 7.4, had a molecular mass of 43 000 and when subjected to SDS electrophoresis in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol consisted of two subunits with molecular mass of 11 250 and 15 000. When they were tested with human erythrocytes of all the groups of the ABO system there was no blood specificity. The isolectins formed interference arcs by Ouchterlony double diffusion in agarose gel.

Amaranthin accumulation in continuous red and blue light by seedlings ofAmaranthus caudatus L.

H. Göring, Marianne Dörfler

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:193 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894885

Four days oldAmaranthus seedlings responded to light treatment with an increase of amaranthin accumulation. With increasing irradiation time, red light caused a saturation effect. Blue light induced a high irradiation response. The blue light effect was reversible to a certain extent by far-red irradiation given at the end of the treatment with blue light. Intermittent red light (3 h red light, 3 h dark, …) caused a higher amaranthin accumulation than 24 h continuous red light. Results obtained with red and blue light are discussed on the basis of the phytochrome system.

Effects of herbicide 2,4-dinitrophenol on mitosis, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis inNigella sativa L.

S. Chand, S. C. Roy

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:198 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894886

Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was studied onNigella sativa to note the changes in mitosis, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. The chemical affected division frequency considerably and chromosomal abnormalities like sticky bridge, fragmentation, micronucleietc. were recorded. By using precursors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, it was found that DNP also inhibited DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. The decrease in division frequency can be correlated with the DNA synthesis.

Reversal of cytogenetic action of 5-fluordeoxyuridine in barley root meristems by thymidine

M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:203 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894888

The reversal of the cytogenetic effects of 5-fluordeoxyuridine, which are the gradual decrease of the mitotic index and the induction of chromosomal fragments was followed after addition of different concentrations of thymidine. Thymidine in the concentration 10⁴ M reversed both the effects of FUdR completely. The concentration of thymidine 10⁵ M partly reversed both the decrease of the mitotic index and the induction of chromosomal fragments. Uridine also caused some decrease of the cytogenetic effects of 5-fluordeoxyuridine.

Desiccation tolerance changes in winter rape leaves grown under different environmental conditions

Hanna Obłój, Alina Kacperska

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:209 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894889

The results of studies performed on winter rape leaves (Brassica napus L. var.oleifera L., cv. Górczański) indicated that independently of the plant cultivation conditions and of the leaf growth rate, all leaves showed significant increase in desiccation tolerance at the beginning of leaf expansion. The increase in tolerance was correlated with the formation of a central vacuole in the mesophyll cells. Therefore, the high desiccation tolerance of vacuolised cells in comparison to the non-vacuolised ones is supposed to be due to the higher ability of the former to avoid cytoplasm dehydration. Development of frost tolerance in the leaves...

Action of red and far red light on ribosome formation in cabbage seedlings

Chia-Ping H. Yang

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:214 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894890

The action of light on ribosome formation was examined in the cabbage seedlings, a system extensively used in the studies of anthocyanin synthesis. Ribosomes were extracted 18 h after the beginning of the irradiation and separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. In the cotyledons of dark-grown cabbage seedlings, a brief red light induces an increase both in total ribosomes and in the fraction present as polysomes; the effect of red light is reversed by far red light, indicating the involvement of phytochrome in polysome formation in cabbage seedlings. Continuous red and continuous far red light are about equally effective in bringing about an increase...

Choliae esterases and choline acetyltransferase in the seeds ofAllium altaicum (Pall.) Reyse

Věra Hadačová, J. Hofman, Rita Malini de Almeida, Květa Vacková, M. Kutáček, Eva Klozová

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:220 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894892

In the seeds ofAllium altaicun (Pall.)Reyse a set of enzymes was found, metabolizing choline esters, composed of active choline esterases and choline acetyltransferase. Choline esterase cleaving acetylcholine occurs in five isoenzymes. The enzyme preparation hydrolyses strongly acetylthiocholine and sinapine, but weakly butyrylthiocholine (20%) in comparison with acetylthiocholine. The hydrolysis of the substrates mentioned is inhibited by physostigmine and neostigmine, but it is not inhibited by the specific inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (BW 284 C51). In addition to hydrolytic activity a strong catalytic activity of choline acetyltransferase...

Origin of cytokinin-and auxin-autonomy and changes in specific proteins in tobacco callus tissue

M. Kamínek, Věra Hadačová, J. Luštinec

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:228 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894894

On the basis of earlier data it was suggested that the induction of cytokinin autonomy might be accompanied by disorders in plastid function and a decrease in cytokinin utilization. In the work presented below the formation of chlorophyll and the isozyme patterns of nine enzymes, some of which are known to be localized in plastids, were compared in tobacco callus tissues differing in their hormonal requirements. Tissues either not requiring cytokinin or both auxin and cytokinin for their growth, contained a lower amount of chlorophyll than the cytokinin-and auxin-dependent strain. The number of isozymes of glucose-6-phosphate and NADP-malate dehydrogenase...

Additional data on complex inclusions evoked by wisteria vein mosaic virus in pea leaf cells

J. Brčák, O. Králík

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:237 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894896

Large complex inclusions evoked by wisteria vein mosaic virus contain cylindrical inclusions, mostly pinwheels (and bundles) and rarely also scrolls and laminar inclusions. Bundles are often abutted to cell walls at plasmodesmata and show association with endoplasmic reticulum and cisternae. Virus aggregates are attached to cylindrical inclusions, various membranes and/or plasmalemma.
Cytoplasm contains more or less disintegrated chloroplasts and mitochondria, abnormal membranes, many ribosomes, bounded vesicles with fibrillar contents, numerous and large microbodies, and membranous whorls. These phenomena are not specific.

Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 12

M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:155 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894874

A textbook on algae

J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:160 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894876

Transfer of cell constituents into eucaryotic cells

M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:167 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894878

Molybdenum chemistry of biological significance

V. Škrdleta

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:173 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894880

Controlling factos in plant development

J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:192 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894884

Environmental Instrumentation

Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:202 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894887

Epidemiology and plant disease management

A. Lebeda

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:219 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894891

Applied soil physics. Soil water and temperature applications

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:227 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894893

Introduction to mathematics for life scientists

J. Pleskanka

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:236 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894895

Potassium research-Review and trends

Jarmila Solárová, V. Novák

Biologia plantarum 1981, 23:239-240 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02894897