Flow Cytometry Estimation of Nuclear Size and Ploidy Level of Habituated Calli of Sugar Beet

C. Kevers, R. Greimers, T. Franck, B. Bisbis, J. Dommes, T. Gaspar

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:321-332 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002469331895

A fully habituated (auxin- and cytokinin-independent) self-regenerating (organo-genic) sugar beet cell line (HO) and a fully habituated non-organogenic one (HNO) derived from the former one, were analyzed as to their nuclear size and DNA content. Flow cytometry and image analysis were used and cells of certified diploid leaves of the same sugar beet strain served as controls. The HNO cells had been shown previously to have many characteristics of cancerous cells. The analyses made on leaves and HNO cells indicated the presence of only one population of cycling cells. In HO cells, two cycling populations were detected: the first one had the same DNA...

Effect of Agar, MS Medium Strength, Sucrose and Polyamines on in vitro Rooting of Syzygium Alternifolium

P.S. Sha Valli Khan, J.F. Hausman, K.R. Rao

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:333-340 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002400915965

This paper describes the effect of agar, MS basal medium strength, sucrose and polyamines on the in vitro rooting of Syzygium alternifolium realized by a two step procedure involving root initiation (RI) and root elongation (RE). RI was carried out on solidified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm^-3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 3 weeks, and RE following transfer to half-strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators for another 3 weeks. Agar and MS basal medium concentrations played important role on rooting response as well as on health of rooted shoots. Sucrose concentration was positively correlated with the rooting percentage, root...

Isoenzyme Expression During Root and Shoot Formation in Solanum Nigrum

A.M. Hassanein, A.M. Ahmed, A.I.I. Abed-El-Hafez, D.M. Soltan

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:341-347 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002452900035

In Solanum nigrum, the initiation of root primordia occurred directly on stem explants or microshoots cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg dm^-3 indolebutyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid, or naphthalene acetic acid, IBA being most effective. Initiation of shoot primordia occurred on B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm^-3 benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin; BAP was more active. During shoot formation, the increased content and the expression of new isoenzymes of peroxidase (POX), esterase and malate dehydrogenase was found. On the other side, expression of new indophenol peroxidase isoenzyme was detected...

Jones, R.L., Somerville, C.R., Walbot, V. (ed.): Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. Vol. 48, 1997

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:348 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002406428686

Identification and Mapping of a T-DNA Induced Flower Mutation in Arabidopsis Thaliana

T. Kocábek, S. Rakouský, M. Ondřej, J. Řepková, J. Relichová

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:349-359 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002405016874

Collection of the T-DNA tagged lines of Arabidopsis thaliana have been created by Agrobacterium-mediated root transformation. Transgenic lines produced by this method have been screened for morphogenic mutations. A flower mutation with increased number of stamens and carpels (scaf1) was identified. This mutation has similar but weaker phenotype than the known mutant superman. Two mapping procedures, with visible and molecular markers, were used to locate scaf1 flower mutation. Genetic analysis showed that this mutation is located on chromosome 3 near gl1 gene. It is probably one of the SUPERMAN epigenetic alleles.

Jones, R.L., Somerville, C.R., Walbot, V. (ed.): Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. Vol. 49, 1998

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:360 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002410512756

Hygromycin B - An Alternative in Flax Transformant Selection

S. Rakouský, E. Tejklová, I. Wiesner, D. Wiesnerová, T. Kocábek, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:361-369 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002457000944

The in vitro regeneration of three flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) breeding lines (cv. Jitka, cv. Areco and NLN 245) and selection of transgenic plants were studied. A. tumefaciens derived binary vector GV3101 (pPM90RK)(pPCVRN4) bearing tetramer of 35S promoter enhancer was used in transformation experiments. Following 3 weeks of cultivation on shoot inducing Murashige and Skoog agar medium containing BAP (0.1 µM) and NAA (0.005 µM) from 82.6 % to 98 % of hypocotyl segments formed shoots. While ticarcillin (500 mg dm^-3) used to eliminate Agrobacterium following the transformation decreased the organogenic response by about 10 %...

Dijkstra, J., DeJager, C.P.: Practical Plant Virology, Protocols and Exercises

L. Šindelář

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:370 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002462613664

Enzymes of Ammonia Assimilation, Photosynthesis, and Respiration in Alfalfa Leaves of Different Ages

R. Ghisi, M. Ferretti, N. La Rocca, A. Masi, C. Passera

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:371-378 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002409117782

The activities of enzymes involved in ammonia metabolism ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, dark respiration, and the activity of RuBP carboxylase (RuBPC) were determined in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaves taken from the apex (apical leaves), from the second to the fourth internode (mature leaves) and from the bottom of the canopy (basal leaves). Photosynthetic rate and the activities of RuBPC, GS and Fd-GOGAT showed their maximum in the mature leaves. The respiration rate together with amino acid and ammonium contents decreased...

Essential Oil Gland Number and Ultrastructure During Mentha arvensis Leaf Ontogeny

S. Shanker, P.V. Ajayakumar, N.S. Sangwan, S. Kumar, R.S. Sangwan

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:379-387 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002461101852

Alterations in essential oil gland number, distribution and fine structure, and the oil content in the leaf of Mentha arvensis L. were examined during its growth and senescence. Accumulation of essential oil occurred predominantly during the rapid leaf expansion phase followed by a similar decline. The oil gland (trichome) number increased upto leaf maturation and declined thereafter. Initially, cuticle remains tightly apposed to the secretory head of oil glands but progressively a sub-cuticular space appears to be created for the oil. Considerable enlargement of vacuole with ageing is witnessed, whereas cytoplasm gradually decreases to a thin peripheral...

Cram, W.J., De Kok, L.J., Stulen, I., Brunold, C., Rennenberg, H. (ed.): Sulphur Metabolism in Higher Plants

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:388 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002466730503

Comparison of Salt-Induced Osmotic Adjustment and Trigonelline Accumulation in Two Soybean Cultivars

A.J. Wood

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:389-394 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002413218691

21-d-old seedlings of the soybean (Glycine max) cvs. Essex and Forrest were treated with NaCl in a step-wise manner over 9 d (3 d 30 mM, 3 d 70 mM, and 3 d 100 mM) and maintained under 100 mM NaCl for an additional 14 d. During salt treatment, osmotic potential decreased more in cv. Forrest relative to cv. Essex. In non-stressed leaf tissue, cv. Forrest contained more trigonelline (TRG) relative to cv. Essex. During salt treatment, TRG amounts increased in cv. Forrest but were unchanged in cv. Essex. Both cvs. osmotically adjusted in response to salt stress; the maximal osmotic adjustment was 0.80 and 0.18 MPa in cv. Forrest and cv. Essex, respectively.

Ultrastructural Responses of Leaf Mesophyll and Trap Wall Cells of Utricularia Vulgaris to Cadmium

D. Stoyanova

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:395-400 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002465202761

Ultrastructure of leaf mesophyll and two-layer trap wall of Utricularia vulgaris L. was studied after 24-h and 48-h treatment with different concentrations of cadmium. The treatment of plants with 0.25 g(Cd²⁺) m^-3 caused different changes in the chloroplasts of the two organs. The thylakoids swelled in chloroplasts of leaf and the starch content increased in chloroplasts of traps. Higher concentrations of Cd (0.5 and 1.5 g m^-3) caused osmiophilisation of thylakoids in the chloroplasts of both studied organs. The secretory cells in the trap wall was resistant to Cd.

Effect of Cadmium on Activities of Some Enzymes of Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Pea

L.K. Chugh, S.K. Sawhney

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:401-407 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002417319599

Activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were significantly inhibited by cadmium in germinating pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Bonneville) seeds. The effect was concentration dependent in the range of 0.25 to 1.0 mM CdCl₂. The magnitude of detrimental effect on these enzymes was reduced during later stage of germination (9 d) largely because of fall in the activities of these enzymes in the control seeds germinated in water. In vitro, activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase were inhibited at 0.5 mM Cd²⁺ in...

Van Duijn, B., Wiltink, A. (ed.): Signal Transduction - Single Cell Techniques

V. Žárský

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:408 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002418814573

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Heavy Metal-Induced Membrane Deterioration Mediated by Lipoxygenase in Rice

A. Mishra, M.A. Choudhuri

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:409-415 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002469303670

Deterioration of membranes caused by lipoxygenase (LOX) activity under 10 µM PbCl₂ or 10 µM HgCl₂ was partially alleviated by the exogenous application of 100 µM salicylic acid (SA). In two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L. cvs. Ratna and IR 36), the presence of SA ameliorated the increased leakage of electrolytes, injury index, and the content of malondialdehyde caused by these heavy metals. Lead decreased H₂O₂ content whereas Hg increased it in both cultivars. Application of SA increased H₂O₂ in presence of Pb, while decreased it in presence of Hg. Both Pb and Hg...

Abe, M. (ed.): Environmental Effects and Their Control in Plant Propagation and Transplant Production

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:416 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002422915482

Miglani, G.S.: Dictionary of Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:416 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002470831411

Effect of the Herbicide Atrazine on the Bean Leaf Lipids

A. Ivanova, K. Stefanov, I. Yordanov

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:417-422 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002421420508

Eight-day-old bean plants, grown in a nutrient solution, were sprayed with 10^-5, 10^-4, 10^-3, and 10^-2 M atrazine. The lipid changes in primary and trifoliate leaves were studied 6 d after the herbicide application. The atrazine treatment inhibited the growth of the trifoliate leaves, and decreased photosynthetic and transpiration rates, the stomatal conductance, and the total lipid content. Atrazine treatment increased 16:0 and 18:3 acids and decreased trans-3-hexadecenoic and 18:2 acids in the phospholipids. The herbicide also increased 16:0 and 18:1 acids in glycolipids and decreased 18:3 acid in monogalactosyl...

Changes in Ribonuclease and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activities Induced by Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus in Sugar Beet

L. Burketová, M. Šindelářová, P. Ryšánek, L. Šindelář

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:423-430 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002473404578

Activities of host ribonucleases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied in three cultivars (Monosvalof, Steffi and Rimini) of sugar beet differing in their resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). No differences were found in the susceptibility of cultivars to BNYVV between mechanically inoculated and Polymyxa betae (a natural fungal vector of the virus) infected plants, but the culmination of reproduction curves of BNYVV in mechanically inoculated plants was observed one week earlier than in plants inoculated by means of P. betae. The activities of ribonucleases corresponded with virus multiplication. In roots, activities...

Changes in Glucose, Fructose and Saccharose Metabolism in Tobacco Plants Infected with Potato Virus Y

M. Šindelářová, L. Šindelář, L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:431-439 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002425521417

The content of glucose, fructose and saccharose as well as changes in the activities of enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation were studied in tobacco plants infected with potato virus Y (necrotic strain) during the acute-infection period. Over the first part of this period, accumulation of saccharose, glucose and fructose was observed concurrently with decreased activities of the enzymes metabolizing saccharose, glucose and fructose (saccharases, saccharose synthase and hexokinases) and enhancement in the activities of enzymes synthesizing these carbohydrates (saccharosephosphate synthase, glucose-6-phosphate and/or fructose-6-phosphate...

Spector, D.L., Goldman, R.D., Leinwand L.A. (ed.): Cells: A Laboratory Manual. Volume 2: Light Microscopy and Cell Structure

T. Moravec

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:440 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002427016390

Spector, D.L., Goldman, R.D., Leinwand L.A. (ed.): Cells: A Laboratory Manual. Volume 1: Culture and Biochemical Analysis of Cells

N Čeřovská

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:440 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002474932320

The Possibility of Micropropagation and Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Kalmia Latifolia

D. Pavingerová, J. Šedivá

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:441-444 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002477505487

Micropropagation and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were developed in Kalmia latifolia cv. Ostbo Red. The transformation of Kalmia latifolia plants was carried out by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain containing the nptII and gusA genes in its T-DNA. Shoots were regenerated on kanamycin selection medium and the expression of the gusA reporter gene was verified by fluorogenic β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay in a few vegetative generations after regeneration. The presence of the gusA gene in regenerated kanamycin resistant plants was detected by polymerase chain reaction.

Flooding Induced Increase in Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Timothy and Ryegrass Seedlings

H. Kato-Noguchi

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:445-449 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002429622325

Two forage grasses, timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were exposed to flooding, and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and their isozyme profiles were determined. The flooding stress increased ADH activities in both species. This increase was 2-times greater in timothy than in ryegrass. Only one ADH isozyme was found in non-flooded seedlings of both species, whereas two and four bands were identified in ryegrass and timothy seedlings, respectively, under flooding stress.

Krupa, S.V., Kickert, R.N., Jäger, H.-J.: Elevated Ultraviolet (UV)-B Irradiation and Agriculture

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:450 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002479000461

Alleviation of Salinity Stress During Germination in Brassica Juncea by Pre-sowing Chilling Treatments to Seeds

P.C. Sharma, P. Kumar

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:451-455 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002481709121

Influence of pre-sowing chilling treatments to seeds on seed germination and accumulation of osmotics in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson] under NaCl stress was investigated. Germination was 100 % in water soaked non-chilled (control) seeds upto 100 mM NaCl, whereas it was upto 200 mM NaCl in chilling treated seeds. Pre-sowing chilling treatments to seeds for 5, 10 and 15 d also enhanced the dry mass of 6-d-old seedlings, and concentrations of saccharides and amino acids. The alleviation of NaCl stress by pre-sowing chilling treatments was also associated with decrease in Na⁺ and proline accumulation and a slight...

Zamski, E., Schaffer, A.A. (ed.): Photoassimilate Distribution in Plants and Crops. Source-Sink Relationships

J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:456 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002431117299

Changes in Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Four Cultivars of Mango during Reproductive Phase

S. Pandey, D.N. Tyagi

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:457-461 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002446125960

Total chlorophyll (Chl) content, leaf mass per area (LMA), and net photosynthetic rate (P_N) were studied in four cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) from September to May. Maximum Chl contents were found in September and December, the period considered to be crucial for flowering in mango. P_N was maximum during October and maintained almost steady during the fruit growth period. However, LMA varied significantly in all cultivars. Mean Chl content, P_N and LMA were lower in cv. Malaviyabhog than in other cultivars.

Turner, P.C., McLennan, A.G., Bates, A.D., White, M.R.H.: Instant Notes in Molecular Biology

K. Madhusudhanan

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:462 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002483101369

Photosynthetic Pigments and Gas Exchange of in vitro Grown Tobacco Plants as Affected by CO2 Supply

D. Haisel, J. Pospíšilova, H. Synková, J. Čatský, N. Wilhelmová, Š. Plzáková

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:463-468 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002498110030

Contents and functioning of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves were studied in platlets cultivated in vitro under different CO₂ supply. The plantlets were grown for six weeks either in glass vessels tightly closed with aluminium foil (G-plants) or in polycarbonate Magenta GA-7 vessels covered with closures with microporous vents (M-plants). M-plants (better supplied with CO₂) had higher contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a. Chl b. and β-carotene, higher photochemical activities of photosystem 2 and whole electron transport chain, and lower contents of xanthophyll cycle pigments. Differences...

Stomatal Morphology during Acclimatization of Tobacco Plantlets to ex vitro Conditions

I. Tichá, B. Radochová, P. Kadleček

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:469-474 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002450210939

Image analysis was used in studying stomatal morphology during acclimatization of tobacco plantlets to ex vitro conditions, 45 d after transfer leaf area was 15 times, and total number of stomata per leaf four times increased. During acclimatization stomatal density was decreased considerably on both leaf sides, and was compensated by an increase in stomatal sizes, e.g., in stomatal length and in stomatal area (both guard cells and pore). Elongation of stomata was increased indicating that the originally circular stomata of in vitro plantlets were changed into elliptical ones in ex vitro acclimatized plants.

Alternaria Brassicae Induced Changes in the Activity of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Leaves of Brassica Juncea

S. Garg, K. Dhawan, H.K.L. Chawla, H.S. Nainawatee

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:475-478 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002454327777

After inoculation of Brassica juncea leaves with Alternaria brassicae, activities of the cell wall degrading enzymes, polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) decreased in leaf blight resistant cultivar RC-781 and increased in the susceptible cultivar Varuna upto 3 d. In the leaves of both the cultivars 11 poly-peptides were observed in the absence of A. brassicae inoculation. After inoculation in the resistant cultivar RC-781 there was no change in the polypeptide pattern, while in the susceptible cultivar Varuna, four polypeptides (43.7 to 58.8 kDa) disappeared only at 3^rd day after inoculation.

Hall, R.D. (ed.): Plant Cell Culture Protocols

Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 1999, 42:479-480 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002435218208