The Expression of a Cytosolic Cyclophilin Promoter from Periwinkle in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

A.-M. Droual, J. Creche, F. Andreu, J.-C. Chenieux, M. Rideau, S. Hamdi

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:321-326 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016249113274

The cloning of a 465 bp fragment from the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding a cytosolic cyclophilin from periwinkle was achieved through inverse polymerase chain reaction. The DNA fragment was fused to a gusA-intron marker then introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Histochemical analysis of the transgenic shoot cultures demonstrated that the construct was able to drive GUS expression in stomata guard cells, but not in mesophyll cells when shoots were still attached to the callus from which they were initiated. In separated transgenic shoots and in seedlings, GUS was expressed in external and...

Identification of Flax and Linseed Cultivars by Isozyme Markers

K. Krulíčková, Z. Pošvec, M. Griga

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:327-336 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016201230112

A set of 28 fibre flax and linseed cultivars differing in plant morphology and technological parameters were analysed by isozyme markers in five ontogenetic phases. Relatively high isozyme polymorphism was observed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Altogether 18 isozyme systems produced 145 different bands; 66 of them (45.52 %) have been found to be polymorphic. The highest level of polymorphism was found in acid phosphatase and esterase, polymorphism was detected in aconitase, diaphorase, glutamate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as well. The highest number of unique isozymic spectra (cultivar × enzyme × ontogenetic phase)...

Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers from Chromosome 1-Specific DNA Libraries of Vicia Faba

D. Požárková, A. Koblížková, B. Román, A.M. Torres, S. Lucretti, M. Lysák, J. Doležel, J. Macas

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:337-345 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016253214182

An integrated approach has been developed for targeted retrieval of microsatellite markers from selected regions of the field bean (Vicia faba L.) genome. The procedure is based on a combination of advanced physical and genetic mapping techniques and includes the following steps: 1) flow-sorting of metaphase chromosomes, 2) construction of microsatellite-enriched chromosome-specific DNA libraries, 3) isolation of polymorphic microsatellite sequences from the libraries, 4) testing chromosome specificity of the microsatellites using polymerase chain reaction with purified fractions of individual chromosome types, and...

Cambell, A., Anderson, W.W, Jones, E.W. (Ed.): Annual Review of Genetics. Volume 35

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:346 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016202725086

Direct Differentiation of Shoot Buds from Leaf Explants of Cajanus Cajan L.

P. Misra

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:347-351 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016205331021

A protocol was developed for direct differentiation of multiple shoot buds from leaf explants of Cajanus cajan. In a modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2.22 µM benzyladenine (BA), 0.57 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 41 µM adenine sulphate (AdS), the segments of basal halves of the first two leaves of a young seedling incubated on filter paper bridges in liquid medium took 20 - 25 d to differentiate shoot buds. The explants after transfer to solidified medium, with lower concentration of BA (0.22 μM) resulted in fast growing healthy shoots. The developed shoots (measuring ca. 3 cm) were rooted...

Chapman, K.E., Higgins, S.J. (Ed.): Regulation of Gene Expression

V. Žárský

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:352 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016254709156

Germplasm Preservation of Wild Arachis Species through Culture of Shoot Apices and Axillary Buds from In Vitro Plants

R.F. Gagliardi, G.P. Pacheco, J.F.M. Valls, E. Mansur

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:353-357 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016257315091

A study was conducted to evaluate in vitro techniques for germplasm preservation of wild species of Arachis. Nodal segments excised from in vitro-grown plants of A. retusa, A. macedoi and A. burchellii were used to examine the effects of explant position and age of the donor plant. Explants were excised from plants maintained in culture for 30, 60, 90 or 180 d, numbered I - V from top to bottom and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.7 µM NAA or different BAP concentrations (0, 4.4, 13.2 and 22 µM). The age of the donor plant has not influenced the responses of the four genotypes studied....

Jones, R.L., Bohnert, H.J., Delmer, D.P. (Ed.): Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. Vol. 51, 2000

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:358 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016206825994

Transient Expression of β-Glucuronidase in Embryo Axes of Cotton by Agrobacterium and Particle Bombardment Methods

A.K. Banerjee, D.C. Agrawal, S.M. Nalawade, K.V. Krishnamurthy

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:359-365 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016209431929

Transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in zygotic embryo axes of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars NHH-44 and DCH-32 was induced by Agrobacterium mediated transformation or by particle bombardment. For Agrobacterium transformation, disarmed A. tumefaciens strain GV 2260/p35SGUSINT was used. In cv. NHH-44, the maximum frequency of transient expression (14.28 %) was achieved on spotting Agrobacterium paste on the apical regions of the split embryo axes. The method resulted in a transformed callus line, which showed strong GUS activity. Integration of NPTII gene was confirmed by Southern analysis....

Chopra, V.L., Malik, V.S., Bhat, S.R. (Ed.): Applied Plant Biotechnology

N. Čeřovská

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:366 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016258810065

Cytogenetic Analysis of Cotton Monosomics

M.F. Sanamyan, J.E. Petlyakova

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:367-373 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016261416000

Eleven monosomics in cotton that were obtained in the progenies of three disomic desynaptic plants were cytologically characterized. The transmission of the monosomes in progeny was shown in the 26 monosomic plants. In 23 plants the frequency of monosomics was ranged between 14.29 and 41.67 %. Three monosomics usually occurred in much lower frequencies (from 3.03 to 5.00 %). Various transmission rates indirectly pointed out different monosomes as a specific chromosomes of cotton genome. Three telochromosomes and one isochromosome were isolated from the progenies of the four monosomics. Using translocation test it was recovered that seven monosomes...

Bovey, R.W.: Woody Plants and Woody Plant Management. Ecology, Safety and Environmental Impact

M. Matucha

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:374 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016210926903

Changes in the Content of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Cytokinins in Spruce, Fir and Oak Trees after Herbicide Treatment

J. Matschke, I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:375-382 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016213500070

Treatment of spruce, fir and oak trees with herbicides, which may be one of the forest damage inducing agents, caused pronounced changes in the contents and distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs) one year after treatment, i.e. at the time of the first microscopically visible damage in treated trees. In Picea pungens IAA content increased in the terminal buds by about 105 % and in the apical buds of the first order branches by 220 %. The same was true for young sprouts of Abies nordmanniana, while in leaves of oak trees IAA content was decreased by 15 % after glyphosate treatment and by 30 % after 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic...

Seasonal Dynamic of Nonstructural Saccharides in a Rhizomatous Grass Calamagrostis Epigeios

J. Dušek

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:383-387 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016265616908

Seasonal dynamic of total nonstructural saccharides (TNS) and individual saccharides (starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, fructans) was followed in rhizomes and stem bases of Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth at two types of meadows communities in the South Moravia (Czech Republic): cnidion and molinion alliances, which differ in their water regime. The TNS were formed mainly by fructans and starch, while glucose, sucrose and fructose were low. The amount of TNS in rhizomes and stem bases of plants from wet cnidion site was higher than in plants from drier molinion site. The seasonal trends of all saccharides were...

Verpoorte, R., Alfermann, A.W. (Ed.): Metabolic Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism

T. Vaněk

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:388 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016262910973

Effects of Prolonged UV-B Enhanced Fluorescent Radiation on Some Marine Microalgae

C.P.M. Vimalabai, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:389-394 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016217700979

The eukaryotic unicellular microalgae Chlorella salina, Dicrateria inornata, and Isochrysis galbana were grown under control (fluorescent 20 W m^-2) and UV-B enhanced (UV-B^E, 0.5 W m^-2) fluorescent radiation. The growth rate showed marginal increase under UV-B^E. Decrease in protein content was observed in Dicrateria cells but in Chlorella an initial increase up to 4 d and in Isochrysis an increase at days 4 and 5 was noted. The chlorophyll a content showed marked increase in Chlorella and Isochrysis but in Dicrateria a decline was found....

Changes in Nitrogen Metabolism of Vigna Radiata in Response to Elevated CO₂

A.C. Srivastava, M. Pal, U.K. Sengupta

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:395-399 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016269717817

With the aim to determine the effects of CO₂ on nitrogen metabolism mungbean (Vigna radiata) plants were grown from seedling emergence to maturity inside open top chambers under ambient CO₂ (CA, 350 ± 25 µmol mol^-1) and elevated CO₂ (CE, 600 ± 50 µmol mol^-1) concentrations at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Leaflet blades of the same physiological age were sampled at 20, 35 and 50 d after germination. Total nitrogen concentration in dry mass was consistently lower under CE than in CA. Non-protein nitrogen and protein nitrogen were also decreased...

Jaynes, R.A.: Kalmia. Mountain Laurel and Related Species

J. Štěpánek

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:400 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016215027812

Photosynthetic Parameters at the Vegetative Stage and during Grain Development of Two Hexaploid Wheat Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

M. Ashraf, N. Parveen

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:401-407 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016221801887

Response of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, salt tolerant SARC-I and salt sensitive Potohar, to different concentrations of NaCl was examined under glasshouse conditions. Eighteen-day-old plants of both the lines grown in sand culture were irrigated with 0 (control), 80, 160 or 240 mM NaCl in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. Shoot fresh and dry masses, and leaf area per plant of SARC-I at the vegetative stage, were significantly greater than those of cv. Potohar at higher salt concentrations, however, relative growth rate (RGR) of cv. Potohar was significantly higher than that of SARC-I. SARC-I had higher net photosynthetic...

Galle, F.C.: Hollies. The Genus Ilex

J. Štěpánek

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:408 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016267011882

Effects of Salinity and Relative Humidity on Two Melon Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

P. An, S. Inanaga, A. Lux, X.J. Li, M.E.K. Ali, T. Matsui, Y. Sugimoto

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:409-415 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016273818726

The effects of increasing relative humidity on the growth and salt tolerance of two melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars, Revigal C-8 (salt sensitive) and Galia (salt tolerant) was investigated. One month after germination, the plants were exposed for 15 d to 0 (control) and 80 mM NaCl, under relative humidity (RH), 30 and 70 %. The growth of the whole plant, leaf, stem and root of cv. Revigal C-8 was increased with increasing RH. On the other hand, cv. Galia showed an increase in root growth with increasing RH only under the NaCl treatment. Under salinity, most of the Na⁺ was withheld in the stems. An increase in RH in the NaCl treatment...

Accumulation of Microsomal Polypeptides in Barley Roots during Aluminium Stress

I. Mistrík, L. Tamás, J. Huttová, V. Gejdošová

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:417-421 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016225902796

Accumulation of two peripheral membrane polypeptides (20 and 28 kDa) in roots of Al-sensitive (cv. Alfor) and Al-resistant (cv. Bavaria) barley cultivars were analysed during Al stress. Both cultivars were subjected to Al concentration ranging from 0 to 150 µM for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Accumulation of both polypeptides was determined 24 h after exposure of plants to Al and content of both polypeptides showed only small depedence upon Al concentration and duration of Al treatment. Although, based on root growth test, Bavaria showed significantly greater resistance to Al than Alfor, analysis of 20 and 28 kDa polypeptide pattern has not revealed significant...

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Ribonucleases and Esterases upon Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection and Benzothiodiazole Treatment in Tobacco

M. Šindelářová, L. Šindelář, L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:423-432 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016277919634

Effect of the benzothiodiazole (BTH) pre-treatment was monitored during the acute infection stage in the susceptible and the hypersensitive tobacco plants infected with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Dynamic changes in the contents of chlorophyll, the total proteins, and the pathogenesis related proteins (PR-proteins), and activities of ribonucleases (RNase), phosphomonoesterase (PME), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P DH) were studied. Neither the protein nor the chlorophyll contents were significantly changed by the TMV infection and/or the BTH treatment. The BTH pre-treatment caused a substantial reduction in the...

Variations in the Phenolic Contents of Cocoyam Clones in Correlation to Resistance to Pythium Myriotylum

T.J.C. Temgo, O. Boyomo

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:433-436 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016230003704

Phenolic compounds from leaves and roots of infected and healthy cocoyam clones resistant (RO1075), tolerant (RO1043), and susceptible (RO1157) to Pythium myriotylum were quantified and tested for their in vitro fungitoxicity on the causal agent of the cocoyam root rot disease. All clones, infected or not, have phenolic compounds showing fungitoxic activity. The phenolic content of the tolerant and susceptible clones is less than that observed in the resistant one meanwhile in the resistant clone RO1075, a large increase in phenolic content is observed particularly in the roots during attack by pathogen.

Development of Seeded and Seedless Hypanthium of Rosa Canina After Application of Growth Substances

F. Atalay, A. Kadioglu

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:437-440 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016282020543

Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) plants in the bloom stages of flowering were sprayed by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in concentrations of 0.06 and 0.60 mM and gibberellic acid (GA₃) in concentrations of 0.60 and 1.50 mM. Ascorbic acid, total sugar, reducing sugar and carotenoid contents gradually increased, while the protein content remained unchanged and the content of phenolic substances decreased during hypanthium development. Ascorbic acid, total sugar, reducing sugar and carotenoid contents increased in hypanthium sprayed by GA₃ and IAA. However, IAA and GA₃ applications (except low concentrations) decreased contents...

Ex Vitro Rooting of Micropropagated Shoots of Stackhousia Tryonii

N.P. Bhatia, P. Bhatia, N. Ashwath

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:441-444 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016234104613

Micropropagated shoots of Stackhousia tryonii were exposed (individually or in combination) to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations 1, 2 or 4 g dm^-3 with the view to induce rooting under ex vitro conditions. The treated microshoots were grown in a mist room for four weeks and assessed for survival, rooting percentage, number of roots and root length. The results showed that IBA at 2 g dm^-3 was most effective in inducing roots. Mixing of two or more auxins markedly reduced rooting percentage indicating antagonistic effects. The results demonstrated...

Effect of Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Metabolites in Cotton under Water Stress

D.M. Pandey, C.L. Goswami, B. Kumar, S. Jain

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:445-448 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016286121451

The contents of several photosynthetic metabolites - 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - were determined in leaves of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. H-777) subjected to waterlogging at vegetative stage, and/or drought at the reproductive stage. In controls, soil moisture contents was kept at field capacity. One day prior to stress, the plant shoots were sprayed with 5 μM aqueous solution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA₃), benzylaminopurine (BAP), abscisic acid, and ethrel. In control plants, various growth regulators...

Effective Protocol for in Vitro Shoot Production Through Nodal Explants of Simmondsia Chinensis

V. Agrawal, S. Prakash, S.C. Gupta

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:449-453 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016238205522

Nodal explants excised from 18 to 20-year-old female plants of Simmondsia chinensis if cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 20 μM N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) differentiated an average of 2.7 ± 0.4 shoots in 11.5% explants. The percentage of nodal explants inducing multiple shoots enhanced significantly if in vitro raised shoots were used as source of explants. Nearly 100% cultures differentiated an average of 4.7 ± 2.0 shoots per explant on the same medium. Nearly 85% of the shoots induced roots when a pulse treatment of 50 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was given prior to their transfer...

Genome Size Variation in Some Tropical Hardwoods

D. Ohri

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:455-457 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016290222360

4-C DNA values of 36 tropical hardwood species belonging to 13 families show a range from 2.08 to 20.07 pg, a 9.64-fold difference. DNA per chromosome values show a 10-fold difference. The minimum range of variation (1.2-fold) is shown by Annonaceae and Sapindaceae while the maximum range (6.23-fold) is shown by Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae and Rutaceae show 1.7 and 1.9-fold differences, respectively. On an average, Euphorbiaceae and Rutaceae have been found to possess the largest and the smallest genome sizes respectively.

Oxidative Stress and Taxol Production Induced by Fungal Elicitor in Cell Suspension Cultures of Taxus Chinensis

L.J. Yu, W.Z. Lan, W.M. Qin, W.W. Jin, H.B. Xu

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:459-461 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016242306430

Treatment of Taxus chinensis cell suspension cultures with fungal elicitor resulted in an oxidative stress characterized by H₂O₂ production, malondiadehyde (MDA) accumulation and cell death. This oxidative stress was dependent on the concentration of elicitor. Cells exposed to elicitor accumulated taxol, however, not proportional to elicitor concentration. High production of taxol occurred in cells treated with the suitable elicitor concentration. We concluded that oxidative stress had the deleterious effect on taxol production. Simultaneous treatment with elicitor and ascorbic acid (ASA) changed the oxidative stress and...

Isolation and Partial Characterization of Aluminium-Induced Cytoplasmic Polypeptides from Barley Root

L. Tamás, I. Mistrík, J. Huttová

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:463-467 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016294323269

Using preparative isoelectric focusing, fast performance liquid chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis accumulation of several Al-induced cytoplasmic proteins was described in barley roots. Two of them, 27 and 28 kDa polypeptides were isolated by continuous-elution electrophoresis system in sufficient quantities for their further characterisation.

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Lemna Minor L.

B. Stefaniak, A. Woźny, I. Budna

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:469-472 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016246507339

Callus induction was obtained on Murashige and Skogg agar medium with 45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under dark at 25°C. Among the four explant types investigated, the best callus induction was obtained from two-week old fronds to which a surgical incision was applied in the basal (meristematic) region. This treatment resulted in 89.11% of fronds producing callus which continued to proliferate for another 24 months. To obtain plant regeneration pieces of calluses were transferred onto Murashige and Skoog agar medium containing 22 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 4.6 μM kinetin and maintained under 16-h photoperiod (irradiance of 30 μmol...

Adventitious Root Formation in Young Shoots of Cedrus Deodara

S.K. Nandi, S. Tamta, L.M.S. Palni

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:473-476 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016298524177

The effect of auxins [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], phenolics (phloroglucinol and coumarin), a combination of auxins and phenolics, and a systemic fungicide (Bavistin, containing 50% carbendazim) on adventitious root formation in stem cuttings (current season's growth) of Cedrus deodara L. during winter and monsoon (rainy) seasons has been examined. Significant stimulation of rooting due to treatments was observed in cuttings planted in winter in the following order: 0.25 mM IBA (87.5% rooting) > 5 mM coumarin (70.8%) > IBA (0.5 mM) + coumarin (5 mM) (50.0%). In cuttings planted in monsoon...

Seed Longevity of Eucalyptus Victrix in Grassland in the Floodplain of the Fortescue River, Pilbara, Western Australia

S.K. Florentine, J.E.D. Fox

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:477-479 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016250608248

Burial and removal techniques with seeds bags were used to examine the Eucalyptus victrix seed longevity. Seeds kept in room temperature (control) had 94% germination within 25 d, however, with increasing duration of burial the E. victrix seed viability decreased to zero before 142 d. Similarly, seed buried in shade and open had no significance difference in germination.

Jiří Čatský

Zdeněk Šesták

Biologia plantarum 2002, 45:1-2 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1016207629204