Book reviews

V. Kozinka, B. A. Kvíčala, T. Gichner, K. Beneš, Jana Opatrná, Libuše Pavlová, J. Zima, J. Tupý, Ingrid Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:75-80 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888723

Leaf diffusion resistance pattern in an oak-hornbeam forest

P. Eliáš

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:1-8 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888711

Four tree, five shrub, and ten herbaceous species growing naturally in an oak-hornbeam forest were used for simultaneous study of the leaf diffusive resistances in the course of several summer days. Absolute minima of the stomatal resistance in the sun tree, the shrub, and the herbaceous species leaves were 1.7 to 6.2 s cm^-1, 6.1 to 10.8 s cm^-1, and 4.8 to 9.7 (17.3 inConvallaria majalis leaves) s cm^-1, respectively. Minimum daily leaf resistances in the course of a day were noted earlier in the morning in sun leaves of large trees than in shade leaves of other species. Stomata were fully opened later in the...

The xylem pressure potential of shrub species in an oak-hornbeam forest

J. Huzulák

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:9-14 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888712

Diurnal and seasonal changes of the xylem pressure potential (Ψ_xylem) were investigated in five species during three years. Intraspecific comparison was made on the basis of the mathematically expressed relationship Ψ_xylem of the individual species to Ψ_xylem inCrataegus oxyacantha, which exhibited the highest drought resistance. With increasing water stress the value for Ψ_xylem of the individual species decreases linearly in comparison with that ofC. oxyacantha, namely to -1.02 MPa inLigustrum vulgare, to -1.33 MPa inCornus mas, and to -2.09 MPa inEuonymus verrucosa....

Mitodepressive effects ofChelidonium alkaloids on root tip cells ofAllium cepa L

Anna Krahulcová

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:15-21 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888713

A comparison of the effects of a water extract of the fresh vegetation apex ofChelidonium majus L. var.majus, with those of berberine sulphate and of chelidonine hydrochloride is reported. The water extract of fresh stems and leaves ofChelidonium majus and the berberine sulphate solution had marked mitodepressive effects on onion root tip cells. Chelidonine hydrochloride had similar but less marked effects. On the basis of the results obtained it can be assumed that the most active group of substances with cytostatic effects, hindering the cells from entering mitosis, are protoberberine bases contained in the latex ofChelidonium...

The polarity of endogenous regulatory substances inBryophyllum crenatum leaves and stems

Libuše Obhlídalová, K. Slabý, J. Šebánek

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:22-26 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888714

In isolated leaves ofBryophylluni crenatum the intensity of marginal bud formation decreases from the apex towards the blade base, which is associated with the decreasing content of enioganous gibberallins. As proved by Dostál (1930), the formation of marginal buds on transversely divided blade of the isolated leaf increases in comparison with the non-divided control leaf. The results of our experiments have revealed that the increase in the formation of marginal buds in the blade transversely divided into the apical, middle and basal parts is connected with the increasing level of endogenous gibberellins, especially in the apical part. This...

The growth of isolated barley embryos cultivated under different conditions

Běla Landová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:27-34 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888715

Isolated barley embryos were cultivated aseptically in three different complete media. The growth of the primary root of each embryo was measured during four days of cultivation. Embryos were cultivated on three different consistencies of media: on agar plates, on cellulose tissue moistened with the medium and in liquid shaken cultures. The last way of cultivation yielded the highest degree of the growth of roots. Optimum combination of conditions in shaken liquid medium was selected on the basis of systematic study. The growth of roots of isolated embryos under appropriate conditions approaches that of roots of seedlings cultived on moistened blotting...

Autoradiographic detection of the uptake of the label from bacterial³H-DNA in relation to the kinetics of the mitotic cycle in barley embryos

P. Tichý, M. Ondřej, Květuše Schwammenhöferová

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:35-41 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888717

Extirped barley embryos were pre-cultivated in aerated liquid nutrient solution for 24 h and then cultivated for 6 h in nutrient solution containing either³H-DNA fromBacillus subtilis or³H-thymidine. After this treatment the embryos were thoroughly washed and transferred to the fresh nutrient medium. Samples were fixed at different intervals up to 24 h. Feulgen squashes were made and covered with autoradiographic emulsion. Microautodiagrams of different parts of the embryos (root meristem, shoot apex plus meristem of the third leaf, second leaf meristem, coleoptile, scutelum) were observed. Labelling of the nuclei after...

Einfluss von Chlorcholinchlorid und Ethrel auf Zellteilung und Zellstreckung bei Primärblättern von Weizenkeimpflanzen

Svetlana Koshuchowa, H. Münnich, H. Göring

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:42-50 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888718

Both chlorcholinchloride and ethrel are used as growth retardants in cereal cultivation. Wheat seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing 10^-3M CCC, CEPA or 5 × 10^-4M CCC and CEPA, respectively. The epidermis of full-grown primary leaves was analysed.
CCC relatively equally decreases the length of leaves and long epidermal cells, whereas CEPA mainly inhibits cell division. Leaf growth is always a little more inhibited than the number of stomata and trichomes is reduced by CCC or CEPA. This results in an increased frequency of stomata and trichomes by about 14 to 16 per cent. This means that retardants can strongly...

Partial synchronization of cell division in root meristem induced by 5-aminouracil

F. J. Novák, Květuše Schwammenhöferová, Jarmila Čihalíková, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:51-56 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888719

5-aminouracil induces a partial synchronization of mitoses in barley, onion and garlic root tips. The highest degree of synchronization has been achieved in garlic where the mitotic index reached the value of about 36%, while in onion and barley the values equalled about 20%. The concentration causing the maximal synchronization in barley (400-750 ppm) was many times higher than in garlic (62.5 ppm) and onion (100 ppm). The occurrence of micronuclei was evaluated in garlic, under the conditions when synchronization was maximal. It was increased nearly tenfold as compared with the control.

Les mouvements révolutifs des feuilles de Mimosa pudica L

G. Roblin

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:57-65 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888720

The nutational movements performed by the leaves of the "Sensitive plant",Mimosa pudica L., result from periodical turgor variations taking place in the parenchymatous cells of specialized motor organs. The trajectories in the three kinds of leaf motor organs usually show irregular elliptical paths with a period ranging from 10 to 60 min. The morphological analogy of these turgor movements is discussed in relation to nutational movements observed in growing organs.

Effect of macronutrients and pH on the growth, nitrogen fixation and soluble sugar content of water fernAzolla pinnata

B. P. R. Subudhi, P. K. Singh

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:66-70 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888721

Deficiency in Ca and P in mineral medium reduced the growth and nitrogen content ofAzolla pinnata but increased the content of soluble sugars in the plant; the deficiency in K and Mg was less effective in retarding the growth. The pH of the medium from 5 to 8 encouraged the growth and nitrogen fixation, whereas acidic pH of 4 as well as alkaline pH of 9 inhibited the growth and nitrogen fixation.

Algen. Einführung in die Phykologie

J. Komárek

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:34 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888716

Stomatal oscillations in adult forest trees in natural environment

P. Eliáš

Biologia plantarum 1979, 21:71-74 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02888722

Conductance of abaxial epidermis was measured in leaves ofAcer campeatre, Carpinus betulus, Quercus cerris andQ. petraea sample trees growing in an oak-hornbeam forest. Measurements were performed on several summer days during morning and midday hours. Stomata tended to oscillations only inQ. cerris. The occurrence of stomatal oscillations was controlled by environmental conditions,e.g. weather.