Biologia plantarum, 1987 (vol. 29), issue 4

Article

Book reviews

Jarmila Solárová, Ivana Macháčková, J. Jenik, K. Beneš, Libuše Pavlová, Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:312-316 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892796

Original Papers

In vitro culture of crown gall and hairy root tumors ofAtropa Belladonna: Differentiation and alkaloid production

M. Ondřej, J. Protiva

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:241-246 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892783

Crown galls and hairy roots were induced inin vitro cultivated seedlings ofAtropa belladonna by differentAgrobacterium tumefaciens andA. rhizogenes strains. During furtherin vitro cultivation, tumors and hairy roots showed high differentiation ability which persisted for at least one year ofin vitro culture. Only root cultures, induced by Ri plasmid A4, synthesized detectable amounts of alkaloids.

Phenolic substances in the cell suspension culture ofCentaurium erythraea

L. Meravý

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:247 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892784

The content of phenolic substances in the cell suspension culture ofCentaurium erythraea fluctuated during a 21-day-long subcultivation period in dependence on the growth phase. The total relative content of the phenolics reached its maximum at the time of transition to the exponential growth phase, similarly as the fraction of free phenolic acids, glycosides, and the fraction of phenolic acids released from the cells after alcaline hydrolysis. On the other hand, the content of phenolic acid esters decreased at this growth phase of the culture. Changes in the level of phenolic substances in the culture medium corresponded in their character...

The influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on cell cycle Kinetics and Sister-Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Meristem Cells

J. Doležel, S. Lucretti, F. J. Novák

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:253 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892785

The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at low concentrations on cell cycle duration and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was studied using meristem root-tip cells ofAllium sativum L. 2,4-D induced a marked prolongation of the cell cycle. At the same time, small but statistically significant increases in SCE frequencies were observed at 5 μM and 15 μM 2,4-D concentrations. The significance of these findings in the evaluation of mutagenic activity of 2,4-D is discussed.

Tissue culture of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) and the production of cardenolide-like substancesin vitro

Jiřina Dušková, Marie Sovová, Pavla Žáčková, Věra Spurná

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:258-264 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892786

The caryotype (2n = 24) of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) and the conditions of successful cultivation of tissue cultures derived from it were determined. The Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium with the addition of indol-3-ylacetic acid (1 mg 1¹), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.1 mg 1¹), or coconut milk (20 %) was found to be the most suitable. A complex of cardenolide-like substances identical in its composition with that found in leaves of intact crownvetch plants was detected by means of thin layer chromatography in the extracts of these explant cultures up to the seventh subculture. These findings are also in agreement...

Polarity of the stem and ontogenetic changes in sunflow (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves in relation to endogenou cytokinins and ethylene

K. Slabý, J. Šebánek

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:265 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892788

The content of endogenous cytokinin-like substances and the release of ethylene were determined in leaves of different insertion of sunflower plants during their ontogeny. The content of cytokinin-like substances was highest in the leaves on the middle part of the stem (that is in leaves just before full expansion), with a decrease occurring both towards the base and the apex of the stem, when followed at four growth phases (vegetative plants, plants with inflorescence diameter up to 0.5 cm, plants with inflorescence diameter up to 3 cm, and plants in flower). Changes in the content of cytokinin-like substances during the ontogeny of the leaf also...

Role of plant growth regulators in host-pathogen relationships

M. Michniewicz

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:273-278 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892789

The effect of indol-3-ylacetic acid, gibberellie acid, kinetin, abscisic acid and Ethrel on the growth of mycelium, sporulation and germination of spores ofFusarium culmorum of different pathogenicity to wheat seedlings was studied. The production of gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins, ethylene and growth inhibitors by these isolates was determined as well. It has been found that most pronounced and explicit effect on growth and development in fungi was produced by Ethrel which strongly inhibited these processes. ABA proved to be a strong growth and development stimulator, though to a different extent in different isolates. GA₃ strongly...

Changes in concentraions of free radicals and amino acids in developing maize inflorescences and fruits

J. Michalov, Olga ErdelskÁ, C. Peciar

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:279-282 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892790

The changes in the concentration of free radicals and bound amino acids in developing maize inflorescences and fruits were ascertained. The concentration rises markedly when tissues disintegrate and desiccate. A slight increase in the concentration may be ascribed to the rise of metabolic processes connected with kernel formation.

Changes in contents of chlorophyll, proteins, and saccharides in leaves during plant development of determinate, semideterminate, and indeterminate lines of soybean

H. Ghiasi, C. Dean Dybing, C. Paech

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:283 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892791

Major differences betwean the determinate (dt₁Dt₂,dt₁dt₂), semideterminate (Dt₁Dt₂), and indeterminate (Dt₁dt₂) near-isogenic lines of glycine max (L.) Merr, mainly appeared after R1 (reproductive) stage. Increases in specific leaf matter (SLM) between Rl and R6 stages showed that determinate lines have higher SLM than semideterminate or indeterminate lines. Soluble protein and starch also accumulated more rapidly in determinate lines. Insoluble protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), reducing saccharides, chlorophyll, and soluble saccharides...

The development of structural changes in epidermal cells of Maize Roots During Water Stress

Milada Čiamporová

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:290 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892792

Ultrastructural changes following increasing periods of water stress induced by means of polyethylene glycol 4000 (from 5 min to 18 h) were investigated in young epidermal cells of the primary roots ofZea mays. The sensitivity of the individual cell components to water stress was considered according to the time sequence in which their alterations appeared.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria proved to be the most sensitive cell components, their structure changing after 5 min of water stress. By 8 h of stress, the condensation of nuclear chromatin in some cells was apparent, preceding polyribosome degradation but not all the other...

Induction of androgenesisin vitro in various genetic forms ofSecale cereale

Elžbieta Milewska-Pawliczuk

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:295-298 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892793

Six thousand anthers ofSecale cereale cv. Dańkowskie Zlote and inbred lines L214 L215 and L258c/5, in the uninuclear microspore were cultured over a period of three months on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with IAA (1-2μg1^-1), kinetin (0.2 to (1.0μg1^-1) and 2,4-D (0.5-2.0μg1^-1). First divisions of microspore were observed after 7 days. In the course of 10 weeks, 4 albino tic embryos at the cotyledon stage were observed that died away in the course of further culture. The course of androgenesis was regular in inbred lines and irregular in rye cv. Dańkowskie Ziote. The efficiency of androgenesis...

Effects du NaCl sur les Capacités Oxydases durant la Germination de Semences de Plantes Sensible ou Tolerante au Sel

G. Guerrier

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:299 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892794

IAA oxidase, catalase and peroxidase activities of seedlings (the first day of radicle emergence) or organs of young plants (the fifth day of radicle emergence) germinated in NaCl media (0, 25, 50, 100 or 150 mM) were measured. Three species with successively lower thresholds of salinity sensitivity were measured: tomato, radish and red cabbage. NaCl sensitivity of the above enzymes was also analysed in extracts from control seedlings or plants incubated in media with different NaCl concentrations. No relation was found between enzyme activities and protein levels or Na contents of young plants; on the contrary, a good relation was observed between...

Der einfluss von kalziumionen auf den prolingehalt salzgestresster pflanzlicher Gewebe

W. Dreier

Biologia plantarum 1987, 29:307 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02892795

The scale of salt tolerance of each plant tissue can be characterized by a "critical" concentration of NaCl. At this concentration the endogenous content of free proline rises. A correlation exists between the endogenous Na⁺-concentration and this increase of proline. Calcium cations can enhance the NaCl-tolerance by inhibiting the Na⁺-permeability. Thus, the rise of the proline concentration in this case is produced only by NaCl concentrations higher than the critical concentration. The calcium pretreatment of caryopses during soaking leads to the enhancement of the tolerance under salt stress, too.

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