Direct somatic embryogenesis from shoot apical meristems of pea, and thidiazuron-induced high conversion rate of somatic embryos

M. Griga

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:481-495 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001834213437

Direct somatic embryogenesis from shoot apical meristems of pea is described. Somatic embryos were induced directly (without callus intervention) from meristematic tissues grown on a medium supplemented with 2.5 µM picloram. Within 4 to 5 weeks, fully morphologically developed somatic embryos were obtained. Somatic embryos originated from apical as well as from basal parts of meristem explants. The initiation and development of somatic embryos was asynchronous, basal somatic embryos developed more quickly than apical ones. Abundant secondary embryogenesis was observed after isolation of primary somatic embryos and culturing them on media for...

Brock, J.H., Wade, M., Pyšek, P., Green, D. (ed.): Plant Invasions. Studies from North America and Europe

P. Kovář

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:496 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001821206593

DiSabato-Aust, T.: The Well-Tended Perennial Garden. Planting & Pruning Techniques

J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:496 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001873223431

Physical mapping of the 18S-25S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in diploid bananas

M. Doleželová, M. Valárik, R. Swennen, J.P. Horry, J. Doležel

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:497-505 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001880030275

Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to determine the number and distribution of the 18S-25S and 5S rDNA sites on mitotic chromosomes of 6 wild and 2 edible diploid (2n=22) accessions belonging to the two banana species, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana. FISH with the 18S-25S probe resulted in signals on one pair of chromosomes, the position of signals corresponded to the secondary constriction at the end of a short arm. The intensity of labelling was different between the homologues and the larger site corresponded to a larger secondary constriction. This labelling pattern was observed consistently in all genotypes. On the other hand,...

Campbell, A., Anderson, W., Jones, E.W. (ed.): Annual Review of Genetics

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:506 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001825307502

The efficiency of transfer of plants cultivated in vitro to ex vitro conditions as affected by sugar supply

Z. Voráčková, H. Lipavská, P. Konečný

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:507-513 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001832114345

The greatest growth of wheat and rape plants in vitro was reached on media with 5 or 9 % sucrose, respectively. The highest efficiency for transfer of these plants to ex vitro conditions was found at the same sucrose concentrations. The content of endogenous non-structural saccharides (glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and fructans) increased with increasing sucrose concentration in the medium up to 10 %.

Jaroszeski, M.J., Heller, R. (ed.): Flow Cytometry Protocols

J. Doležel

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:514 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001877424340

Secondary wall deposition in tracheary elements of cucumber grown in vitro

S. Kaliamoorthy, K.V. Krishnamurthy

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:515-522 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001884131184

It is a matter of controversy whether secondary wall deposition is dependent on lignification during the development of tracheary elements. To understand this, tracheary element differentiation was studied in the homogeneous calli obtained from the cotyledonary explants of Cucumis sativus subsequent to treatment with plant growth regulators, such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzylamino purine (BAP), which are necessary for the induction of tracheary elements, along with metabolic blockers such as 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and nifedipine. Calli treated with AIP, a potential inhibitor of L-phenylalanine...

Immunogold localization of trans-zeatin riboside in embryo and endosperm during early fruit drop of Malus domestica

M. Ruffini Castiglione

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:523-532 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001836215254

The specificity of a monoclonal antibody IgG1, raised against trans-zeatin riboside-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate, was investigated by means of inhibition experiments with soluble competing antigens. A competitive enzyme immunoassay was set up, with immobilized antigen. The analysis of the cross reaction profile enabled a study of the specificity of the antigen-antibody interaction. The antibody was able to distinguish the trans form of zeatin riboside from the cis form (cross reaction index = 1 %); cross reactions with ribose, adenine, adenosine and other related heterologous antigens were not detectable over the range of concetration tested....

Photosynthetic characteristics of five rice cultivars grown under increased solar UV-B radiation

A. Premkumar, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:533-538 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001888232092

The impact of increased solar UV-B radiation on photosynthetic characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars ADT36, IR20, IR50, J13 and MDU4 has been studied. In all the cultivars concentrations of photosynthetic pigments decreased under increased UV-B radiation. Even low enhancement of UV-B reduced the photochemical activities in all the cultivars except MDU4 and changed chlorophyll a fluorescence. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a dose-dependent changes in chloroplast proteins in most of the cultivars.

Relationship between development of endosperm transfer cells and grain mass in maize

R. Gao, S. Dong, J. Fan, C. Hu

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:539-546 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001840316163

The most basal endosperm cells of maize (Zea mays L.) began differentiating into transfer cells in 10 days after pollination (DAP). The thickening and ingrowths forming in the transfer cell wall were slow during 10 and 15 DAP. There were many vesicles, silky and string ball objects in cytoplasm, and the number of mitochondria and rough endoplasm reticulum increased. After 15 DAP, the wall thickening and ingrowths forming in the transfer cells sped up. By 20 DAP, the transfer cell zone had developed, there appeared 65 - 70 rows of cells in width and 3 - 4 layers of cell in depth, the obvious cell wall ingrowths presented strong positive reaction with...

Quantitative changes in maize cytoplasmic proteins induced by aluminium

J. Huttová, L. Tamás, I. Mistrík

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:547-554 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001892300233

Three-day-old maize seedlings were subjected to 100 µM AlCl3 for 24 h. Cytoplasmic proteins were isolated from root tips, root base and from coleoptiles. After fractionation of cytoplasmic proteins on anion chromatography column Bio-Scale Q2 sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis was used to monitor Al-induced changes in polypeptide composition of particular fractions. Four (root) and 7 (coleoptile) fractions were eluted from the column with linear 0 - 1.0 M NaCl gradient. In fraction 1 of cytoplasmic proteins from root tips Al induced accumulation of polypeptide with molecular mass of 16 kD and simultaneous...

Genotypic differences and alterations of protein patterns of tomato explants under copper stress

H.M. El-Aref, A.M. Hamada

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:555-564 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001844417071

In vitro response of six tomato genotypes to different copper concentrations was studied. Cu was toxic to tomato explants at a relatively high concentration (100 µM), which reduced callus growth and shoot regeneration. Peto-86 followed by UC-97-3 were more tolerant to copper than the other genotypes. Cu (100 µM) induced the synthesis of eight new proteins (70.86 - 14.78 kD) in Peto-86 and six in Western Improve (46.43 - 14.78 kD) and UC-97-3 (77.69 - 14.78 kD). Cu-stress reduced the expression of some enzymatic bands of alcohol dehydrogenase and esterase, meanwhile, one peroxidase band at the locus Prx-1 was newly expressed under Cu-treatment.

Potato virus-Y multiplication in susceptible tobacco cultivar and transgenic breeding line producing coat protein mRNA

M. Šindelářová, L. Šindelář, L. Burketová, V. Táborský, J. Kazda

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:565-573 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001896501142

Changes in ribonucleases (RNases) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P DH) activities, their content and subcellular localisation were studied in relation to virus multiplication in susceptible (cv. Samsun) or resistant (transgenic breeding line NCTG 83) tobacco plants infected with the potato virus Y^N (necrotic strain of PVY). Activities of RNases and G6P DH from diseased susceptible tobacco plants were markedly increased during the experimental period and significantly correlated with the multiplication curve of the PVY^N. In contrast, the activities of RNases and G6P DH were not changed after PVY inoculation of resistant...

Lieth, H., Schwartz, M.D. (ed.): Phenology in Seasonal Climates I

M. Chytrý

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:574 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001829508410

Structure of root nodules and nitrogen fixation in Egyptian wild herb legumes

H.H. Zahran

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:575-585 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001848617980

Five wild herb legumes (Trifolium resupinatum, Melilotus indica, Medicago intertexta, Trigonella hamosa, and Alhagi murarum) were collected from cultivated lands of the Nile Valley, and compared with clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), a cultivated forage legume. The wild herb legumes exhibited great variation in nodulation percentage, nodule number, nodule mass and acetylene reduction activity with regard to locality. Nodulation of T. resupinatum and M. indica ranged between 50 - 100% and 33 - 100%, respectively, compared to 50 - 100% for T. alexandrinum. The number of nodules formed on T. resupinatum was 9 - 128 and that of M. indica 6 - 39, compared...

Raghavendra, A.S. (ed.): Photosynthesis. A Comprehensive Treatise

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:586 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001881525249

The effect of local application of fertilizer on the content of cytokinins in the xylem sap of maize

I.I. Ivanov, G.R. Kudoyarova, V.K. Trapeznikov

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:587-590 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001800702050

Cytokinin content in xylem sap was higher in plants grown under local supply of fertilizers as compared to those grown under homogenous distribution of nutrients in soil. The separate assay of cytokinins in xylem exudate from split root system showed that roots, which were in contact with fertilizer mainly contributed to cytokinins transported from roots to shoots.

Changes in leaf mineral composition and chloroplast proteins induced by K-deficiency and increased UV-B radiation

A. Premkumar, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:591-595 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001852718888

Solar UV-B radiation increased to 20 % over ambient level at Madurai was given to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. cv. Pusa-152) seedlings sufficiently supplied by potassium (0.88 mM K₂SO₄) and K-deficient (0.05 mM K₂SO₄). Leaf mineral composition was significantly changed due to both increased UV-B radiation and K-deficiency imposed independently or jointly for 12 d. A severe reduction in 23 kDa chloroplast protein was seen only in seedlings encountered combined stress.

Gentile, J.M., Lohman, P.H.M., Sankaranarayan, K. (ed.): The Field of Mutation Research: Where have we been and where are we going?

K.J. Angelis

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:596 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001833609319

Effects of diquat on pigment-protein complexes of thylakoid membranes in soybean and maize plants

D.B. Milivojević, B.R. Nikolić

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:597-600 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001804802959

Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants were exposed for 5 to 48 h to the herbicide diquat under "white light" (WL) or far-red radiation (FR) (photon fluence rate of 30 µmol m^-2 s^-1). The WL enhanced diquat effect on chlorophyll content in soybean plants, while FR had the same effects on maize plants. After 5 h, diquat increased the content of polypeptides bound to light-harvesting proteins in both plants.

Influence of Cd2+ on growth, chlorophyll content, and water relations in young barley plants

A. Vassilev, M. Berova, Z. Zlatev

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:601-606 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001856819797

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Hemus) plants were grown in nutrient solution with or without 54 µM Cd²⁺ for 12 d. A treatment with Cd²⁺ inhibited the growth of young barley plants. The main factor limiting plant growth was net assimilation rate, due to decreased photosynthetic rate and accelerated dark respiration rate. One of the reasons for the reduced photosynthetic rate was the lower chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Cd²⁺ decreased water potential and transpiration rate, but relative water content in leaves of the treated plants was not significantly changed.

Effect of 1,10-phenanthroline on peroxidase and catalase activity and chlorophyll, sugar, and ascorbic acid contents

B. Herman, R. Biczak, E. Gurgul

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:607-611 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001808903867

Changes in the peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities, and total chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and ascorbic acid contents of leek leaves treated with the herbicide 1,10-phenanthroline (Phe) in concentrations 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mM have been determined. Plants treated with Phe were characterised by a higher activity of peroxidase and a lower activity of catalase and lower contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and ascorbic acid as compared to non-treated plants.

Boller, T., Meins, F. (ed.): Genes Involved in Plant Defense

L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:612 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001885626157

Abscisic acid and ethylene content in Gerbera jamesonii plants submitted to drought and rewatering

C. Olivella, M. Vendrell, R. Savé

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:613-616 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001860920706

Gerbera jamesonii plants were subjected to a drying and rewatering for 10 d under greenhouse conditions. Transpiration rate and leaf water potential decreased with the application of stress and recovered to a level similar to that observed in the control plants. Leaf abscisic acid concentration increased while ethylene production decreased under stress. After rewatering, each of the parameters recovered, to similar levels, as in the control.

Effect of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from a mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on colonization of maize roots by Glomus fistulosum

M. Gryndler, H. Hršelová

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:617-621 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001813004776

The inoculation of mycorrhizal maize plants with three isolates of microaerophilic diazotrophic bacteria obtained from the mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with three grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius - bacterial isolate ARR, Agropyrum repens - isolate AGR and Poa annua - isolate POA) caused no increase in nitrogen content in plant biomass. The inoculation with bacterial isolate ARR resulted in the decreased plant growth. Bacterial isolate AGR decreased the percentage of the root length colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fistulosum. The inoculation with both mycorrhizal fungus and isolate POA increased significantly the...

Effects of local source-sink manipulations on fruits and leaves of young pear trees

P.I. Garriz, G.M. Colavita, H.L. Alvarez

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:623-627 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001865021614

The effects of modifying local source-sink relations on fruit and leaf characteristics of young pear trees were evaluated during the 1997 - 1998 growing season. The following treatments were applied: early spur ringing (ESR) from 27 days after full bloom (DAFB), late spur ringing (LSR) from 97 DAFB, early 15 % spur leaf area removal (ELAR) and late 15 % spur leaf area removal (LLAR). ESR and LSR significantly inhibited fruit growth, suggesting that the fruiting spurs were not fully autonomous in their carbon economy. ELAR and LLAR had little effect on fruit size; sink strength was demonstrated here, since the presence of the fruit caused an efficient...

The effect of drought, temperature and irradiation on leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa

R. Turgut, A. Kadioglu

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:629-633 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001817105685

The effects of drought, temperature and irradiation on leaf rolling of Ctenanthe setosa were studied. Water deficit and air temperature were the most important, and have a synergistic effect on the degree and number of the rolled leaves. Irradiation also increased the rolling together with the water deficit but not alone. The stomata were open in rolled leaves.

Effect of cadmium and copper on growth of Bacopa monniera regenerants

G. Ali, P.S. Srivastava, M. Iqbal

Biologia plantarum 1998, 41:635-639 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001869122523

The effects of cadmium and copper on in vitro growth of Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst. was monitored. Cadmium (25 and 50 µM CdCl₂) inhibited plantlet growth and addition of 50 or 100 µm CuSO₄ partially alleviated this negative effect. Cadmium increased both protein and proline contents, but to a lesser extent with the additional supply of CuSO₄.