Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:15-24 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0010-9

Photosynthetic and leaf anatomical characteristics of Castanea sativa: a comparison between in vitro and nursery plants

P. L. Sáez1,*, L. A. Bravo3,4, K. L. Sáez2, M. Sánchez-Olate1, M. I. Latsague5, D. G. Ríos1
1 Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
2 Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
3 Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
4 Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
5 Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile

The anatomic and functional leaf characteristics related to photosynthetic performance of Castanea sativa growing in vitro and in nursery were compared. The irradiance saturated photosynthesis in in vitro grown plantlets was significantly lower compared to nursery plants (65 vs. 722 μmol m-2 s-1). The maximum photosynthetic rate (PNmax) was 4.0 and 10.0 μmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 in in vitro microshoots and nursery plant leaves, respectively. Carboxylation efficiency (CE) and electron transport rate (ETR) were three-folds higher in nursery plants than in microshoots. The nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was saturated at 80 μmol m-2 s-1 in microshoots suggesting limited photoprotection by thermal dissipation. The microshoots had wide open, spherical stomata and higher stomatal density than nursery plants and they had almost no epicuticular wax. Consequently, the microshoots had high stomatal conductance and high transpiration rate. These anatomic and functional leaf characteristics are likely major causes of the low survival rates of plantlets after ex vitro transfer.

Keywords: chloroplasts; fluorescence; micropropagation; net photosynthetic rate; stomata; transpiration rate
Subjects: chloroplasts; fluorescence; micropropagation; net photosynthetic rate; transpiration rate; in vitro culture; carboxylation efficiency; electron transport rate; stomatal conductance; indolebutyric acid; chlorophyll fluorescence; chlorophyll; carotenoids; stomata density; stomata size; leaf - epidermis; leaf - parenchyma; anatomy - leaf; starch; plastoglobuli
Species: Castanea sativa

Received: July 19, 2010; Accepted: January 18, 2011; Published: March 1, 2012Show citation

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Sáez, P.L., Bravo, L.A., Sáez, K.L., Sánchez-Olate, M., Latsague, M.I., & Ríos, D.G. (2012). Photosynthetic and leaf anatomical characteristics of Castanea sativa: a comparison between in vitro and nursery plants. Biologia plantarum, 56(1), 15-24. doi: 10.1007/s10535-012-0010-9.
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