Biologia plantarum, 1970 (vol. 12), issue 2

Article

Influence of natural substances of phenolic character and diethyldithiocarbamate on the metabolism of L-tryptophan in cabbage, maize and pea

V. Kefeli, M. Kutáček, Květa Vacková

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:81-90 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920854

The effect of phenolic substances isolated earlier from cabbage, maize and pea on L-tryptophan-3-¹⁴G (L-Try-¹⁴C) metabolism in those plants was investigated. For the sake of comparison the effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA) on cabbage was also observed. A phenolic substance of unknown structure isolated from cabbage was utilised in a 0.5 mg/ml concentration, p-coumarie acid (PCA) from maize in 0.7 mg/ml concentration and quercetin-glucosyl-coumarate (QGC) found in pea in 8 mg/ml concentration were used. The chosen concentrations were on the limit of their inhibitory effect on the growth of the respective plant apical segments....

Contribution to the study of seasonal dynamics of endogenous stimulators and inhlbitors in peach trees

Z. Raška, F. Hladík

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:91-97 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920855

For three consecutive years the content of natural stimulators and inhibitors was observed in leaves and shoots of peach trees. Research was directed to the question of development of flower buds.
The substances under study were isolated from the acidic fraction of ether extracts by means of paper chromatography and their concentration was determined by biological test. The activities of substances which either stimulate or inhibit the growth of oat coleoptiles, were added up. The curve expressing the content of stimulators in shoots in relation to the fresh weight showed its maximum in the period of full growth of shoots (15 June-15 July according...

Hydroxylation reactions in roots of maize (Zea mays L.)

Tatíana Pšenáková, P. Kovács, M. Pšenák, J. Kolek

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:98-104 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920856

The authors succeeded in demonstrating accumulation of tyrosine and p-coumaric acid in three day-old roots of maize (Zea mays L.) fed with L-phenylalanine and einnamie acid. Phenylpyruvic acid applied under the same conditions gave rise to phenylalanine, indicating the presence of the corresponding transferase activity. Even simultaneous application of inhibitors of transaminase activity - hydroxylamine and isonicotinic acid hydrazide - did not result in the formation of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid.

The anatomy of roots and mycorrhizae of the orchid Dendrobium cunninghamii Lindl

V. Mejstřík

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:105-109 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920857

The root cap develops out of the cells of the caliptrodermatogen. The root apex belongs to the first of Haberlandt's histogen types. The velamen usually consists of three layers of cells, and develops out of the protoderm by periclinal divisions. Funnel-shaped cells later divide tangentially into two cells, and in one of these cells a fibrous body develops. Two to four thick-walled cells alternate, usually with one passage cell in the exodermis. The cortex proper consists of approximately ten to twelve layers of parenchymatic cells in the mature root. There are eight to sixteen xylem poles alternating with the same number of phloem poles in the central...

Hydroreactivity of stomata in kale leaves of different insertion level as determined by analysis of transpiration curves

Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:110-116 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920858

Values of the water saturation deficit (WSD) for hydroactive stomatal movements of kale leaves were estimated using the method of transpiration curve analysis.
Stomata of young leaves started closing at WSD values of 5 to 6 per cent and were completely closed at 18 to 20 per cent WSD. During maturation and ageing of leaves these WSD values increased to 12.5 and 18 to 23 per cent respectively. Thus the stomatal reaction is more sensitive to changes in WSD in adult leaves than in young ones. After maturation is attained both values decrease. In apparently withering leaves the individual phases of transpiration curves can barely be distinguished, probably...

The amylolytic activity of Ca-deficient pumpkin plants (Cucurbita pepo L.)

M. Dvořák, Vlasta Radotínská-Ledinská

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:117-124 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920859

We studied the significance of actual accessibility of ions for presence of α-amylase in roots and cotyledons of young pumpkin plants. We considered α-amylases to be-in agreement with published data-amylolytic enzymes which lose their activity after being dialysed against EDTA or a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid and which can be reactivated by addition of Ca²⁺. N connection with activity and Ca²⁺ nutrition appeared in cotyledons; it did, however, in roots: Ca-deficient plants revealed after preparation either completely inactive enzymes or enzymes with slight activity. It was, however, possible to reactivate...

Growth correlations inBryophyllum leaves and exogenous growth regulators

R. Dostál

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:125-133 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920860

Growth correlations in leaves ofBryophyllum may be recognized by the development of marginal shoots varying in their particular lamina regions, the correlative inhibition increasing from the top to the base. Cytokinins extend their promoting action inB. crenatum leaves farther in the apical than in the basal direction. In the uppermost leaves ofB. daigremontianum they evoke the development of marginal shoots with flowers in the apical and of vegetative shoots in the basal region. Less suitable for this research are auxins, gibberellins, and triiodobenzoic acid which are unable to stimulate the development of marginal shoots on...

Changes in the level of endogenous cytokinins in apical buds ofChenopodium rubrum L.

Lola Teltscherová

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:134-138 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920861

CCC (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride applied to plants ofChenopodium rubrum during floral induction led to an increase in the level of endogenous cytokinins in the apical buds. Application of gibberellic acid or indole-3-acetic acid at concentrations reversing the effect of CCC reduced the level of cytokinins. After simultaneous treatment with both CCC and one of the growth substances this reduction was less pronounced. From the comparison bf the present results, as well as of those published in previous papers it follows that in apical buds ofChenopodium rubrum there exists a mutual interaction between gibberellins and cytokinins....

Phosphorus metabolism during ripening of Glycine max. (L.)Merril

S. K. Arora, B. M. Gandhi

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:139-143 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920862

The seeds, seed covers and leaves, taken after 17, 27, 37, and 47 days after tagging of flowers of soybean, were analysed quantitatively for their contents of different phosphorus fractions. Total phosphorus content increased in seed cover and leaves, there was a gradual decrease during ripening. All the phosphorus fractions i.e. acid soluble-P, lipid-P, nucleic acid-P, and protein-P were found to increase with maturity in seeds whereas in case of seed covers the content of acid soluble-P, nucleic acid-P and protein-P decreased but a marked increase was observed in lipid-P. In leaves during ripening, all the phosphorus fractions decreased except protein-P...

Biogenesis of indole compounds from D- and L-tryptophan in segments of etiolated seedlings of cabbage, maize and pea

M. Kutáček, V. Kefeli

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:145-158 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920863

The metabolism of D-and L-tryptophan-3-¹⁴C (Try-3-¹⁴C) was studied and compared for three different plant species, cabbage, maize and pea. Apical segments of the seedlings were incubated for 6 hours in solutions of L- or D-Try-3-¹⁴C (1.5 μc/ml) with the addition of chloramphenicol (10^-4g/ml) and then allowed to stand for another 20 hours in moist chambers. The methanolic extract of the tissues was analyzed radiochromatographically and by paper electrophoresis in combination with biological tests. Chloramphenicol in a concentration of 10^-4 g/ml had little influence on the growth of the segments,...

The agrochemical effectiveness of some phosphorus-nitrogen compounds with the direct P-N bond

L. Ondráček, Z. Řezáč, F. Moudrý, J. Hampl, W. Waněk

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:159-166 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920864

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds characterized by the direct P-N bond, represented by trimeric and tetrameric phosphorus nitridoamide-[PN(NH₂)₂]_3-4, phosphorus oxytriamide-PO(NH₂)₃ and ammonium diamidophosphate-NH₄PO₂(NH₂)₂, were applied as fertilizers in a vessel experiment with barley and their agrochemical effectiveness was compared with that of ammonium phosphate-(NH₄)₂HPO₄. The results obtained indicate that the above compounds are of nutritive value for plants.

Pea growth and ion accumulation at varying seed density

Z. Laštůvka, J. Minář

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:167-179 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920865

Decreased accumulation of elements, particularly of nitrogen, had in dense stand a negative influence on the plants, in spite of the supply of fresh solution and the control of the concentration of nutrients in the pots. The fresh weight and the dry matter of one plant were reduced substantially with rising stand density (from 5 to 10, 20, 40 and 80 plants per 450 sq. cm); the RGR value, the relative absorption rate I_M, the content of all tested elements calculated per one plant, the chlorophyll content in the overground parts of one plant, and the distribution index decrease. Qualitatively the same influence is caused by deficiency of nutrients....

Inhibition of water uptake by high concentrations of auxin-like substances

V. Kozinka

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:180-190 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920866

The intensity of water uptake by halves of splitroot cuttings fromColeus blumeiBenth was measured by potometrical method. Inhibition of the water uptake induced by application of high concentrations of sodium salts of α-naftylacetic acid (NAA) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in the treated half of the root induced an increase of water uptake by the other half. The compensation is not complete. If only one half of the root treated by synthetic auxin was allowed to take up water, MCPA appeared to induce a smaller degree of reversibility than NAA.

Electrophoretic study on peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and o-diphenol oxidase fractions in extracts from different growth zones ofvicia faba L. roots

J. Sahulka

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:191-198 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920867

Using electrophoresis in acrylamide gel, fractions of peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and o-diphenol oxidase were investigated in extracts from three growth zones ofVicia faba L. roots. Three peroxidase fractions (zones) moving towards the anode were revealed as well as four peroxidase fractions (zones) migrating towards the cathode. Three peroxidase fractions showed detectable indoleacetic acid oxidase activity. The o-diphenol oxidase activity was revealed in all peroxidase fractions moving towards the anode, in those moving towards the cathode the o-diphenol oxidase activity differred according to the substrate used. One fraction with...

Arrest of yellowing in senescing leaf discs of maize by growth retardants, coumarin and inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis

J. S. Knypl

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:199-207 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920868

Kinetin, coumarin and four growth retardants including Phosfon D (2,4-dichlorobenzyltributylphosphonium chloride), CCC [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride], B-Nine (N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid) and AMO-1618 (2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride) arrested chlorophyll, protein and RNA degradation in the leaf discs of maize kept in darkness; GA₃ was without effect. Coumarin and Phosfon D markedly lowered the level of TCA soluble nitrogen compounds in the tissue; other compounds were inactive in this respect. Puromycin, 4-fluorophenylalanine, actinomycin D, 5-diazouracil and 2-thiouracil...

The effect of light intensity on stomatal frequency in leaves ofIris hollandica hort., var. wedgwood

J. Pazourek

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:208-215 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920869

Stomatal frequency in leaves of plants of Iris hollandica, cultivated under four light intensities, about 12%, 37%, 75% and 100% of natural daylight, was studied. The stomatal frequency decreases with lower light intensities. The gradients of stomatal frequency of successive leaves show an increase up to the third or fourth leaf with a subsequent decrease of values up to the highest leaf. The total number of stomata per leaf is not constant; differences exist in successive leaves of a shoot as well as among the leaves of plants growing under various light intensities. The character of gradients was changed at lower light intensities. The largest reaction...

Prediction of relative efficiency of some selection indices used in winter wheat

J. Smoček

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:216-223 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920870

Separate selection indices were constructed for various combinations of selective characters, in which together with components of economic yield also four separate subcharacters, yield prerequisites were used, namely: flag leaf area, length of the flag leaf, angle of the second leaf (from the top) and length of plant at heading time. Maximum genetic advance in weight of grains per plant (yield) from selections may be expected in selection indices in which three economic yield components together with flag leaf area or angle of the second leaf were used.
When as criteria for selection the flag leaf area together with yield components were used,...

Changes in peroxidase activity in leaves of wheat and barley after infection with obligate parasites

H. Klusák

Biologia plantarum 1970, 12:224-230 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920871

A study was performed on the influence of obligate parasitesErysiphe graminis Dc. andPuccinia hordeiOtt4 on peroxidase activity in barley leaves, namely in both susceptible and resistant varieties. Attention was also paid to peroxidase activity in a susceptible wheat variety infected withPuccinia striiformisWest.
The following results were obtained:
In leaves of wheat and harley plants an enzyme was revealed which oxidized pyrocatechol and guajacol only in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme can be inactivated by heating and strongly inhibited by cyanide. Evidently peroxidase is concerned.
Peroxidase in susceptible...