Effect of trifluralin on the histology and respiration ofAllium cepa root tips

A. E. Dowidar, A. El-Nahas

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:1-4 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922922

Trifluralin was found to induce isodiametric enlargement ofAllium cepa root tip cells in the elongation zone. It enhanced the endogenous oxygen uptake of the excised root tips. The herbicide was found to have no marked effect on the dry weight of the root tips. It is suggested that the herbicide may exert its effect onAllium cepa root tips through its enhancement of ethylene production.

Carbohydrate influence on polyphenol accumulation inCassia andDatura tissues culturedin vitro

R. R. Shah, K. V. Subbaiah, A. R. Mehta

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:5-13 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922923

Carbohydrate requirement for the growth of the cells and accumulation of polyphenols in culturedCassia fistula L. andDatura metel L. tissues were examined. Superiority of suerose over other carbohydrates was observed both for the growth of the cells and for the maximum production of phenolic compounds; and its availability was found to be a limiting factor for the synthesis of phenolic compounds.
Progressive changes in the pattern of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were followed and the relationship between the development of the enzyme activities and synthesis of polyphenols was further examined. The significance...

The isolation of tissue culture ofPopulus alba L. 'Pyramidalis'

Víťazoslava Blanáriková, Š. Karácsonyi

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:14-18 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922924

Tissue culture was isolated from the stem ofPopulus alba L. 'pyramidalis'. Callus formation was observed since November till March (1974),i.e. till the formation of calluses suitable for further subeultivation. The most vigorous growth was obtained with the callus culture cultivated on the nutrient medium of DIAZ-COLONet al. (1972) on which more than 11 g of fresh matter was produced after 30 d at the end of the first year of cultivation in darkness, with inoculum weight 1.5-1.8 g. A mild decrease in growth rate of the tissue culture was observed after the first year of cultivation. When illuminated, the originally yellow calluses...

Effects of mutagens on androgenesis in some species of the genusNicotiana L.

J. Vagera

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:19-24 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922925

Chosen species and cultivars(Nicotiana sanderae, N. glutinosa, N. otophora, N. paniculata, N. sylvestris, N. velutina, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, N. tabacum cv. Samsun - a dihaploid line, and an amphidiploid N.sylvestris x N tomentosiformis) were treated with adequate concentration of n-buthylmethane sulphonate. The anthers of M₁ plants were cultured on the medium of NITSCH 1969 plus 0.1 mg IAA/1. Special attention was paid to quantitative characteristics of androgenesis. Androgenesis occurred more often in the treated variants. The conclusions have been confirmed of a heterosis effect of adequate chemomutagen concentration at...

Changes in endogenous gibberellins in plant organs producing and utilizing photosynthates

J. Repka, Zuzana Jureková

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:25-33 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922926

The distribution of endogenous gibberellin-like substances in individual organs ofZea mays L., cv. CE 250, plants was investigated during the transition from the vegetative to the generative phase of development. The gradient of the content of gibberellin-like substances and photosynthetic activity in leaf segments was followed in different parts of the Jeaves, as well as the changes in the content of gibberellin-like substances in leaf segments during an exposure in the light and in the dark. The gradient of the content of endogenous gibberellin-liko substances in the leaves, in the stem and in the spike is interpreted in terms of possible...

L-Tryptophan synthesis from¹⁴C-Anthranilic acid in plants with high and low tryptophan content

M. Kutáček, J. Eder, V. I. Kefeli, Květa Vacková, I. Langer, S. Procházka

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:34-46 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922927

The biosynthesis of L-tryptophan (L-trp) from anthranilic acid-¹⁴C (AA-¹⁴C) in. undamaged organs of the seedlings of kohlrabi and pea, with high L-trp content and ma ze plants, with low L-trp content was compared. As for maize the experiments were carried oiut with normal and opaque-2 phenotypes, both with the seedlings and with the ripening kernels. AA-¹⁴C is metabolized in the plants to L-trp pool (i.e. free and bound L-trp, and secondary metabolites) and to glycosyl esters of AA (i.e. to simple glucosyl ester in pea and kohlrabi and more complex glycosides in maize). In maize seedlings L-trp-¹⁴C is synthesized...

Maturation of ribosomal RNA in blue-green algae in light and darkness

Danuše Sofrová, J. Hladík, J. Ullmann, Sylva Leblová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:47-52 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922928

The blue-green algaPlectonema boryanum was chosen for a study of the properties of rRNA of procaryotic organisms. The process of rRNA species maturation was studied by labelling RNA with the isotope 32P.23 S and 16 S rRNA molecules each have their own precursors. Molecules with molecular weights of 1.65 X 10⁶ and 1.24xlO⁶ were identified as precursors of23 S rRNA, while the molecules 0.87 X 10⁶; 0.78 X 106 and 0.68 X 10⁶ were found to be precursors of the 16 S rRNA. No common polycistronic precursor could be found.
Experiments done with algae cultivated in light and in the dark confirmed...

Morphological aspects of apple seedling early development in relation to embryonal dormancy

Danuta Wyzińska, St. Lewak

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:53-60 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922929

The growth of root, hypocotyl and cotyledons was measured in apple seedlings cultured for nine days from embryos isolated from seeds after various periods of after-ripening. Greening of the cotyledons was taken into account and the chlorophyll content determined as well.
Embryonal dormancy results in anomalies already appearing in the early stage of development. They are manifested by differentiated greening and uneven growth of cotyledons, as well as by hypotrophy of root or hypocotyl. The frequency of those anomalies in the population decreases during the removal of dormancy, and therefore it may be accepted as the criterion of its depth.

Book reviews

V. Pokorný, T. Gichner, J. Krekule, Frideta Seidlová, I. Šetlík, Ingrid Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:73-80 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922934

Colchicine treatment of jute seedlings in the 1st and 2nd generation after irradiation

M. Hossain, S. Sen

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:61-63 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922930

Colchicine treatment (0.05 % for 12 h) to 15 day old seedlings in the 1st generation after X-ray or gamma-ray exposure was lethal. In contrast the same colchicine treatment to 15 day old seedlings in the 2nd generation was effective in inducing polyploids.

A suitable method for localization of IAA oxidase

K. Beneš, Frideta Seidlová

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:64-66 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922931

The method for histochemical detection of IAA oxidase proposed by Sagi was tested, based on colour reaction of natural products of IAA oxidation with Ehrlich-like reagent.

Autoradiographic detection of uptake of bacterial³H-DNA label by barley seeds and isolated barley embryos

M. Ondřej, P. Tichý

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:67-69 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922932

Barley seeds and extirpated embryos were cultivated in³H-DNA fromBacillus subtilis. Control group of embryos was cultivated in³H-thymidine. Uptake of the label from³H-DNA was observed after both methods of application, to halves of seeds and to embryos, and the label was localized almost exclusively in some of the nuclei of meristematic cells.

tRNA synthesis in germinating pollen

J. Süss, J. Tupý

Biologia plantarum 1978, 20:70-72 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922933

The synthesis of tRNA was demonstrated in pollen ofNicotiana tabacum L. according to the incorporation of labeled uracil, adenosine and guanosine during 4 h of germination. tRNA was extracted from postribosomal supernatant and purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The incorporation of guanosine was about 1.68 times higher than that of adenosine. This finding indicates that the whole tRNA chain is formed in pollen tubes.