Biologia plantarum, 2012 (vol. 56), issue 1
Article
Analysis of tolerance to copper and zinc in Aechmea blanchetiana grown in vitro
P. Giampaoli, F. Tresmondi, G. P. P. Lima, S. Kanashiro, E. S. Alves, M. Domingos, A. R. Tavares
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:83-88 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0020-7
The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of Aechmea blanchetiana Baker L.B. Sm. in vitro on medium with 0.0, 0.145, 1.45 and 14.5 μM Cu and 0.0, 2.75, 27.5 and 275 μM Zn. Significant accumulation of Cu and Zn occurred at 14.5 μM Cu and 27.5 and 275 μM Zn, respectively, and there were no significant changes in contents of the other macro- and micronutrients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly changed in the presence of both metals. Spermine content increased as Zn concentration increased and decreased with increasing concentrations of Cu. There was an accumulation of H2O2...
Aluminum-induced changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in wheat root tips
F. J. Xu, G. Li, C. W. Jin, W. J. Liu, S. S. Zhang, Y. S. Zhang, X. Y. Lin
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:89-96 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0021-6
The present study investigated the effects of aluminum on lipid peroxidation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidative defense systems in root tips of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Exposure to 30 μM Al increased contents of malondialdehyde, H2O2, suproxide radical and Evans blue uptake in both genotypes, with increases being greater in Al-sensitive genotype Yangmai-5 than in Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864. In addition, Al treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione...
The antioxidative role of anthocyanins in Arabidopsis under high-irradiance
Q. Zhang, L. -J. Su, J. -W. Chen, X. -Q. Zeng, B. -Y. Sun, C. -L. Peng
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:97-104 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0022-5
To uncover the potential antioxidative role of anthocyanins in vivo in protecting photosynthetic tissues from photoinhibition, the effects of high irradiance [HI, 1300 μmol(photon) m-2 s-1] were studied using detached leaves derived from Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and the mutant deficient in anthocyanin biosynthesis (tt3tt4). HI stress caused decreased chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency, but increased cell-membrane leakage and contents of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical in the leaves of both Arabidopsis phenotypes, but the WT plants showed better HI tolerance than tt3tt4...
Biochemical properties of lipoxygenase from opium poppy chloroplasts
M. Vanko, D. Rauová, L. Bezáková, I. Holková, F. Bilka, M. Cupáková
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:105-110 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0023-4
Lipoxygenase (LOX) from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) chloroplasts was isolated and 126.1-fold purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by combination of ion-exchange chromatography on HA-Ultragel column and affinity chromatography on a linoleyl-aminopropyl agarose column. The relative molecular mass of the LOX determined by SDS-PAGE was 92 kDa. Kinetic properties of purified LOX were determined in spectrophotometric assay by using of linoleic acid (KM = 1.78 mM and Vmax = 11.4 μmol mg-1 min-1) and linolenic acid (KM = 1.27 mM and Vmax = 10.2 μmol mg-1...
Transcriptome analysis of an invasive weed Mikania micrantha
Y. -L. Huang, X. -T. Fang, L. Lu, Y. -B. Yan, S. -F. Chen, L. Hu, C. -C. Zhu, X. -J. Ge, S. -H. Shi
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:111-116 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0024-3
As an initial step towards understanding the molecular mechanisms by which plants become invasive, we present here the first transcriptome analysis for an invasive weed Mikania micrantha. The analysis was based on the 75-nucleotide short reads data generated by the Illumina Genome Analyzer II system. A total of 31 131 unique sequences were assembled de novo based on 8.7 million filtered paired-end sequence reads for the transcriptome of an individual M. micrantha growing in the field. 73 % of the unique sequences showed significant similarity to existing proteins in the NCBI database, and 21 448 could be grouped based...
Original Papers
Interspecific somatic hybrids between Solanum bulbocastanum and S. tuberosum and their haploidization for potato breeding
M. Iovene, R. Aversano, S. Savarese, I. Caruso, A. Di Matteo, T. Cardi, L. Frusciante, D. Carputo
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:1-8 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0008-3
Protoplast fusion between incongruent Solanum bulbocastanum and S. tuberosum haploids was accomplished to produce hybrids combining elite traits from both parents. We identified 11 somatic hybrids out of 42 regenerants analyzed through ISSR markers. Some hybrids had loss or gain of fragments compared to the parents, likely due to rearrangements and deletions of chromosome segments after fusion, and/or to somaclonal variation during hybrid regeneration. Increased heterotic vigor for some traits as well as high diversity was observed as the effect of both ploidy and fusion combination. Microsporogenesis analysis indicated the occurrence...
In vitro regeneration of Anethum graveolens, antioxidative enzymes during organogenesis and RAPD analysis for clonal fidelity
S. Jana, G. S. Shekhawat
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:9-14 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0009-2
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for medicinally important aromatic plant Anethum graveolens. Nodal segments were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins singly as well as in combinations. The optimum callus induction (93.33 %) was obtained on medium fortified with 2.2 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.21 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. The best shoot regeneration (85.7 %) with 12.86 shoots per explant was achieved in two weeks when callus was subcultured on MS medium amended with 2.2 μM BA and 1.85 μM kinetin. The average length...
Photosynthetic and leaf anatomical characteristics of Castanea sativa: a comparison between in vitro and nursery plants
P. L. Sáez, L. A. Bravo, K. L. Sáez, M. Sánchez-Olate, M. I. Latsague, D. G. Ríos
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:15-24 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0010-9
The anatomic and functional leaf characteristics related to photosynthetic performance of Castanea sativa growing in vitro and in nursery were compared. The irradiance saturated photosynthesis in in vitro grown plantlets was significantly lower compared to nursery plants (65 vs. 722 μmol m-2 s-1). The maximum photosynthetic rate (PNmax) was 4.0 and 10.0 μmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 in in vitro microshoots and nursery plant leaves, respectively. Carboxylation efficiency (CE) and electron transport rate (ETR) were three-folds higher in nursery plants...
Adventitious rooting of detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
L. R. Correa, R. J. Stein, A. G. Fett-Neto
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:25-30 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0011-8
Arabidopsis thaliana Heyhn is a model species in biochemical, physiological and molecular studies for which a plethora of mutants is available. This work aimed at developing a system for rooting of detached leaves, and evaluating time course of several relevant biochemical parameters during rooting assays with and without auxins. The rooting pattern was of the direct type (without callus formation) in all of the treatments and ecotypes analyzed and was rather stable. Considering the different parameters examined, peroxidase activity and contents of phenolic compounds and soluble sugars appeared as the most distinct biochemical markers of the...
Molecular cloning, promoter analysis, and expression profile of VvERF3b gene in Vitis vinifera
Y. Song, Y. Lin, S. Tong, H. Hou
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:31-36 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0012-7
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are involved in many plant development events and stress defenses. In this study, an ERF gene, VvERF3b, was cloned from the leaves of Vitis vinifera. VvERF3b belongs to ERF group VIIIa. Expression of the gene was induced by abscisic acid, ethephon, and salicylic acid, but not by NaCl. Promoter sequence analysis of the VvERF3b gene revealed that there are several potential cis-acting elements that may be potentially recognized and bound by the transcription factors related to hormones and stress responses. Deletion analysis showed that the 5'-flanking sequence of -1047 to -585 from the transcriptional...
Constitutive expression of Arabidopsis DREB1B in transgenic potato enhances drought and freezing tolerance
S. Movahedi, B. E. Sayed Tabatabaei, H. Alizade, C. Ghobadi, A. Yamchi, G. Khaksar
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:37-42 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0013-6
DNA cassette consisting of an Arabidopsis dehydration-responsive element binding factor 1 (DREB1B) cDNA, driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was introduced into potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. The presence and expression of the gene in transgenic plants were confirmed by the PCR and RT-PCR techniques, respectively. Northern hybridization using a DREB1B cDNA probe revealed high levels of DREB1B expression among the most transgenic lines. Overexpression of DREB1B imparted a significant freezing and drought tolerance gain in the...
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel stress responsive gene in alfalfa
R. Long, Q. Yang, J. Kang, Y. Chao, P. Wang, M. Wu, Z. Qin, Y. Sun
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:43-49 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0014-5
A suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA library of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Zhongmu NO.1 had been constructed to identify differentially expressed genes under stress. Based on the sequence of a 460 bp expressed sequence tags (ESTs), a cDNA of 1652 bp was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. This gene (MsPBL) was predicted to encode a 434-amino-acid protein, which contained a Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain. PB1 domain is a functional domain comprising about 80 amino acid residues, which exists in many signal transduction proteins and mediates dimerization in the proteins. PB1 domain is mostly involved...
Isolation and functional characterization of MxCS1: a gene encoding a citrate synthase in Malus xiaojinensis
D.-G. Han, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, L. Ma, X.-Z. Zhang, X.-F. Xu, Z.-H. Han
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:50-56 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0015-4
Iron is one of the essential micronutrients required by all living organisms. In this study, we isolated a gene encoding putative citrate synthase (CS) from Malus xiaojinensis, designated as MxCS1. The MxCS1 gene encodes a protein of 473 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 52.5 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.67. The expression of MxCS1 was enriched in the leaf rather than in phloem and root, however, its expression was hardly detected in the xylem. The gene expression was strongly induced by Fe stress treatment in the M. xiaojinensis seedlings. Over-expression of MxCS1 improved...
Marker-free transgenic cucumber expressing Arabidopsis cbf1 gene confers chilling stress tolerance
N. Gupta, M. Rathore, D. Goyary, N. Khare, S. Anandhan, V. Pande, Z. Ahmed
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:57-63 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0016-3
Marker-free transgenic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Poinsett 76 SR plants were produced by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. A transformation efficiency of 1.62 was observed on using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring Arabidopsis cbf1 gene driven by the inducible promoter RD29A in a binary vector system pCAMBIA. Transgene integration and single copy insert in transgenic cucumber was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis in T0 lines and also confirmed marker-free status in T1 generation. Transgene expression was confirmed by reverse transcription...
Differential gene expression in response to cold stress in Lepidium apetalum during seedling emergence
H. X. Zhao, Q. Li, G. Li, Y. Du
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:64-70 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0017-2
Germination of Lepidium apetalum Wild. seeds is invariably arrested by cold stress. cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to isolate genes relevant to chilling stress (4 °C) during seedling emergence. 43 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were found to be up-regulated and 17 down-regulated during chilling stress. Eighteen TDF of up-regulated genes were cloned and sequenced. Some of these genes are involved in the stress response, some play important roles in energy and substrate metabolism, and some encode unknown proteins such as TDF119. Two sequences, designated TDF217 and TDF223, may correspond to novel genes....
Improving low-temperature tolerance in sugarcane by expressing the ipt gene under a cold inducible promoter
N. G. Belintani, J. T. S. Guerzoni, R. M. P. Moreira, L. G. E. Vieira
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:71-77 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0018-1
Sugarcane is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions where cold stress is not very common, but lower yields and reduced industrial quality of the plants are observed when it occurs. In our efforts to enhance cold tolerance in sugarcane, the gene encoding the enzyme isopentenyltransferase (ipt) under control of the cold inducible gene promoter AtCOR15a was transferred via biolistic transformation into sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cv. RB855536. Semiquantitative RT-PCR using GAPDH encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as the normalizer gene showed the increased expression of the ipt gene under cold stress....
Anatomy and osmotic potential of the Vitis rootstock shoot tips recalcitrant to cryopreservation
T. Ganino, A. Silvanini, D. Beghè, C. Benelli, M. Lambardi, A. Fabbri
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:78-82 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0019-0
This study was carried out on Kober 5BB (Vitis Berlandieri × V. riparia) grape rootstock shoot tips during the preparatory steps preceding the direct immersion in liquid nitrogen, in order to overcome until now unsuccessful cryopreservation with this species. The exposure of shoot tips to 0.3-0.4 M sucrose leads to a high cell solute concentration. The treatment with plant vitrification solution (PVS2) alone, i.e., not followed by storage in liquid nitrogen, markedly affected shoot tip survival. After a 30 min exposure, regrowth percentage of shoot tips decreased from 94 % (control) to 57 %, and dropped to 15 % when the treatment was...
Brief Communications
Cadmium induces early flowering in Arabidopsis
W. Y. Wang, J. Xu, X. J. Liu, Y. Yu, Q. Ge
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:117-120 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0025-2
We found that cadmium promoted flowering in Arabidopsis and suppressed nitric oxide accumulation in leaves. Supplementation with NO donor SNP delayed flowering, whereas application of NO scavenger cPTIO further promoted the transition from vegetative to reproductive stage under Cd stress. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that Cd treatment up-regulated the expression of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T, whereas down-regulated the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C.
The effect of 2,4-D and kinetin on dedifferentiation of petiole cells in Arabidopsis thaliana
F. Li, X. Cui, Z. Feng, X. Du, J. Zhu
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:121-125 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0026-1
Phytohormones are indispensable factors regulating plant cell dedifferentiation. In this paper, different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (KIN) were incorporated in the culture medium and the anatomy of dedifferentiated cells prior to callus formation from Arabidopsis thaliana petiole explants was examined. The results indicated that the cytoplasm of parenchyma cells in the vascular bundle gradually became denser with time of culture only if 2,4-D was included in the medium. The WUSCHEL (WUS) gene was expressed in derivative cells of the vascular bundle after culture for 24 h in the presence...
Expression patterns of cotton chloroplast genes during development: implications for development of plastid transformation vectors
C. A. Chlan, K. Rajasekaran, J. W. Cary, T. E. Cleveland
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:126-130 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0027-0
Although most plastid transformation studies have focused on chloroplast expression, plastid transformation can also be used to express genes in plastids of a wide variety of plant tissues by using appropriate plastid promoters. Based on the sequence of the Gossypium hirsutum chloroplast genome, we developed primers and amplified segments of 20 different plastid genes. The PCR products were labeled and used in filter dot blot hybridization studies to characterize their expression levels and patterns in total RNA isolated from light- and dark-grown cotton tissues at different developmental stages. A subset of 6 genes among these was further characterized...
Expression of γ-tocopherol methyltransferase gene from Brassica napus increased α-tocopherol content in soybean seed
D. F. Chen, M. Zhang, Y. Q. Wang, X. W. Chen
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:131-134 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0028-z
A cDNA encoding γ-tocopherol methyltransferase from Brassica napus (BnTMT) was overexpressed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under the control of seed-specific promoter of Arabidopsis fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) or soybean glycinin G1. Two and three transgenic plants were selected, respectively, after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blots confirmed that BnTMT was single-copy integrated into the genome of transgenic plants. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of BnTMT was higher in the immature cotyledons than in the mature cotyledons,...
Transformation with a gene for myo-inositol O-methyltransferase enhances the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana
B. Zhu, R. -H. Peng, A. -S. Xiong, J. Xu, X. -Y. Fu, W. Zhao, X. -F. Jin, X. -R. Meng, J. -J. Gao, R. Cai, Q. -H. Yao
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:135-139 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0029-y
In this study, we report a function of myo-inositol-O-methyltransferase (Imt1) in response to low temperature stress using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Imt1 gene was constructed identical to the Imt1 gene from a halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. After cold stress, the Imt1 transgenic plants exhibited stronger growth than the wild type plants. The elevated cold tolerance of the Imt1 over-expressing plants was confirmed by the lower electrolyte leakage and accumulation of malondialdehyde, but higher proline and soluble sugar contents in transgenic than wild type plants.
Molecular cloning and characterization of nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 cDNA in tea
G. R. Prabu, K. Thirugnanasambantham, A. K. A. Mandal, A. Saravanan
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:140-144 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0030-5
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) operates in the homeostasis of cellular nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) pools and the cytosolic NDPK1 is the main NDPK isoform in plants, accounting for more than 70 % of total NDPK activity in plant. A full length cDNA (697 bp), designated as CsNDPK1 was cloned from Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze leaves. Sequence analysis of CsNDPK1 shows several motifs, binding and catalytic sites which are highly conserved among other NDPKs. Southern blot analysis revealed that tea genome has two copies of CsNDPK1. Transcription pattern analysis indicated that CsNDPK1 is expressed in all tissues...
Leaf anatomy and C4 photosynthetic enzymes in three reed ecotypes
X. -Y. Zhu, W. -X. Xia, L. -J. Chen
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:145-148 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0031-4
Differences in leaf interveinal distances, chloroplasts distribution in bundle sheath cells (BSC) and activities of C4 photosynthetic enzymes in the leaves of three ecotypes of Phragmites communis Trinius, namely swamp reed (SR), heavy salt meadow reed (HSMR) and dune reed (DR), occurring in the desert region of northwest China were investigated. The two terrestrial ecotypes, DR and HSMR, had denser vascular system, more and longer BSC chloroplasts and higher capacity of CO2 concentrating mechanism of NAD-ME subtype as compared with the SR ecotype. The enhanced NADP-ME pathway in the HSMR might contribute to its adaptation...
Comparison of antioxidant responses to cadmium and lead in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings
Y. M. Tao, Y. Z. Chen, T. Tan, X. C. Liu, D. L. Yang, S. C. Liang
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:149-152 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0032-3
Seedlings of mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza cultured in sand with Hoagland's nutrient solution were treated with 1 to 30 mM Cd(NO3)2 or Pb(NO3)2 for 2 months. In all Cd/Pb treatments, the malondialdehyde content increased while the chlorophyll content declined. Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in roots increased at moderate Cd/Pb concentrations (1-10 mM), whereas decreased at higher concentrations (20-30 mM). Catalase (CAT) activity in roots was inhibited by 1-10 mM Cd but enhanced by 1-10 mM Pb. The activities of POD, SOD and CAT in leaves were less affected by Cd and...
Effects of abscisic acid on content and biosynthesis of terpenoids in Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage
H. Mansouri, Z. Asrar
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:153-156 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0033-2
The influence of abscisic acid (ABA) on plastidial and cytosolic terpenoids and on two key enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis was determined in vegetative stage of Cannabis sativa L. Low concentration of ABA (1 μM) increased 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) activity in treated plants in comparison to control plants. The amounts of chlorophyll a and carotenoids increased in response to ABA treatment but chlorophyll b content declined. The accumulation of α-tocopherol was stimulated only by 10 μM ABA. The ABA-treated plants showed a decline in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity...
Dehydrin and proline content in Brassica napus and B. carinata under cold stress at two irradiances
M. Klíma, P. Vítámvás, S. Zelenková, M. Vyvadilová, I. T. Prášil
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:157-161 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0034-1
The accumulation of cold-induced dehydrin and proline was related to the frost tolerance (FT) in several Brassica species or cultivars. A dehydrin of molecular mass 47 kDa was detected in the leaves of an Ethiopian mustard (B. carinata) and a pair of dehydrins of similar molecular mass in the three (two winter, one spring) oilseed rape (B. napus) cultivars, when plants were maintained at 4 °C for one-month under two different irradiances. More dehydrin was accumulated in oilseed rape than in Ethiopian mustard under the high irradiance. A significant correlation was observed between leaf dehydrin content and FT, and no relationship...
Genetic transformation of Citrus sinensis with Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) derived sequences and reaction of transgenic lines to CTV infection
F. R. Muniz, A. J. De Souza, L. C. L. Stipp, E. Schinor, W. Freitas Jr., R. Harakava, D. R. Stach-Machado, J. A. M. Rezende, F. A. A. Mourão Filho, B. M. J. Mendes
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:162-166 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0035-0
Transgenic Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. plants, cvs. Valencia and Hamlin, expressing Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) derived sequences were obtained by genetic transformation. The gene constructs were pCTV-CP containing the 25 kDa major capsid protein gene (CTV-CP), pCTV-dsCP containing the same CTV-CP gene in an intron-spliced hairpin construct, and pCTV-CS containing a 559 nt conserved region of the CTV genome. The transgenic lines were identified by PCR and the transgene integration was confirmed by Southern blot. Transgene mRNA could be detected in most transgenic lines containing pCTV-CP or pCTV-CS...
Cadmium modulates NADPH oxidase activity and expression in sunflower leaves
M. D. Groppa, M. P. Ianuzzo, E. P. Rosales, S. C. Vázquez, M. P. Benavides
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:167-171 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0036-z
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ways by which ROS are generated are very important facts related to heavy metal toxicity in plants. In this work, superoxide anion (O2 .-) generation diminished in cadmium treated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaf discs, and this reduction was time and Cd-concentration dependent. In line with these findings, we observed that NADPH-dependent oxidase activity was significantly inhibited by 0.1 and 0.5 mM Cd2+ treatments and the expression of the NADPH oxidase putative gene related to O2 .- synthesis in sunflower leaves was 83 % inhibited...
Partial oxidative protection by enzymatic and non-enzymatic components in cashew leaves under high salinity
S. L. Ferreira-Silva, E. L. Voigt, E. N. Silva, J. M. Maia, T. C. R. Aragão, J. A. G. Silveira
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:172-176 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0037-y
The work evaluated the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaves under 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl. Salt stress increased protein oxidation and decreased the lipid peroxidation, indicating that lipids are less susceptible to oxidative damage. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not changed, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity steadily decreased while the catalase (CAT) activity strongly increased with the increasing NaCl concentration. High salinity also induced alterations in the ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) redox state. The salt resistance in cashew may be associated with...
Synergistic effect of trimethoprim and bavistin for micropropagation of Bacopa monniera
K. N. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, J. Singh, B. D. Singh, P. Ahuja
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:177-180 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0038-x
A micropropagation protocol for Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst., a medicinally important plant, has been developed. Direct organogenesis without callus formation was induced by culturing node, internode and leaf explants on growth regulator free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. MS medium supplemented with an antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP) and a fungicide bavistin (BVN) produced axillary shoots from node and adventitious shoot buds on the surface of all explants. The combination of 200 mg dm-3 TMP and 200 mg dm-3 BVN induced the optimum frequency of shoot formation as well as shoot number. Presence of both TMP and BVN induced...
Enhanced antioxidant protection at the early stages of leaf expansion in ginkgo under natural environmental conditions
X. -S. Yang, G. -X. Chen, X. -D. Wei, K. -B. Xie
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:181-186 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0039-9
Photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence kinetics, antioxidant enzymes and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated in ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves from emergence to full size. Under natural conditions, the net photosynthetic rate (PN), contents of Chl a, Chl b and total soluble proteins and fresh and dry leaf mass gradually increased during leaf expansion. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS) 2 (variable to maximum fluorescence ratio, Fv/Fm) was considerably higher at the early stages of leaf development than in fully expanded leaves....
Nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of ascorbate and glutathione metabolism in Agropyron cristatum leaves under water stress
C. Shan, F. He, G. Xu, R. Han, Z. Liang
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:187-191 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0040-3
This study investigated the regulation of ascorbate and glutathione metabolism by nitric oxide in Agropyron cristatum leaves under water stress. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), and the contents of NO, reduced ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total ascorbate and total glutathione increased under water stress. These increases were suppressed by pretreatments with NO synthesis inhibitors N G-nitro-L-arginine...
Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on drought stress-induced changes in Chorispora bungeana
Y. H. Li, Y. J. Liu, X. L. Xu, M. Jin, L. Z. An, H. Zhang
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:192-196 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0041-2
Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been proposed to increase the resistance of plants to drought stress. The effect of foliar application of 0.1 μM 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosystem 2 (PS 2) photochemistry, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, relative water content (RWC), proline content, and the antioxidant system in drought-stressed Chorispora bungeana plants was investigated. The results showed that polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced water stress decreased RWC, Chl content and variable to maximum Chl fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) less in plants pretreated with EBR than in non-pretreated...
Overexpression of AtHsp90.3 in Arabidopsis thaliana impairs plant tolerance to heavy metal stress
H. M. Song, H. Z. Wang, X. B. Xu
Biologia plantarum 2012, 56:197-199 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-012-0042-1
The functions of cytosolic heat shock protein AtHsp90.3 in response to heavy metal stress were characterized by using expression of AtHsp90.3 gene in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana. AtHsp90.3 supported the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp90 knockout strain R0005 growth and maintaining cells membrane integrity under cadmium and arsenic stresses, which was compatible with the components of ScHsc82 machinery. However, constitutive overexpression of AtHsp90.3 in Arabidopsis impaired plant tolerance to Cd stress with lower germination rate and shorter root length, decreased contents of phytochelatins (PCs) and glutathione...