Continuous micropropagation of juvenile larch from different species via adventitious bud formation

D. Ewald, U. Kretzschmar, Y. Chen

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:321-329 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000959621891

A continuous propagation of juvenile larch in vitro was based on adventitious bud formation and different cytokinin combinations were tested concerning their effectiveness to induce elongation of adventitious buds. Zeatin (1.5 mg dm-3) combined with kinetin (0.15 mg dm-3) was found to be the best. Development and elongation of buds was achieved on a modified LP-medium. Using this system it was possible to propagate different larchspecies (Larix decidua, L. gmelinii and L. sukaczewii f. multiramosus) continuously. Shoots were successfully rooted and transferred to the soil.

Papaver somniferum regeneration by somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis

M. Ovečka, M. Bobák, A. Blehová, J. Krištín

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:321-328 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001049526976

Secondary somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis from primary somatic embryos of Papaver somniferum L. are described. The embryos became malformed, the root meristem expressed dividing activity without position-dependent cell differentiation, causing abnormal development or arrested growth of primary somatic embryos. The adventitious shoots regenerated from embryo hypocotyl, but secondary somatic embryos had an epidermal origin close to the root meristem. The regeneration occurred without hormonal treatment, indicating endogenous nature of triggering signals. These signals are probably related to the integrity loss of morphogenetic steps during...

Cytokinin-like effects of caffeine in bioassays

A.P. Vitória, P. Mazzafera

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:329-335 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001001611047

Cytokinin-like effects of pure caffeine were tested in bioassays specific for this hormonal activity [radish cotyledon growth and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in cucumber cotyledon and tobacco cell suspension] and in cell elongation bioassays [elongation of segments from soybean internode and internode elongation in dwarf cultivars of guandu (Cajanus cajan) and mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana)]. 6-Benzyl-aminopurine and kinetin (KIN) were used for comparison with caffeine. Although weaker than those given by cytokinins, positive responses were observed in all specific bioassays and in elongation of soybean internodes. A remarkable synergistic effect between...

Baker, N.R. (ed.): Photosynthesis and the Environment

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:330 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001065217773

In vitro propagation of Podophyllum peltatum L. by the cultures of embrya and divided embrya

A. Sadowska, M. Wiweger, B. Łata, G. Obidoska

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:331-336 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001089105961

Excised embrya and subsequently divided embrya of Podophyllum peltatum were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different growth regulators, because traditional methods of breaking seed dormancy failed. The growth of excised embrya was stimulated by 1 or 0.1 mg dm-3gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.1 mg dm-3 GA3 + 0.2 mg dm-3 kinetin (kin), or 0.2mg dm-3 kin. GA3 (1 mg dm-3) showed the best effect; after 5 weeks the plantlets had 1.5 - 2 cm long cotyledons, 5 - 6 cm long roots, 88 % of embrya germinated and developed further. The addition of 0.5 mg dm-3 zeatin + 0.2 mg dm-3 naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.2 mg dm-3 NAA, and 1 mg dm-3...

Kozlowski, T.T., Pallardy, S.G.: Growth Control in Woody Plants

M. Vágner

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:336 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001146821041

Phenol content, acidic peroxidase and IAA-oxidase during somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L.

D. Omokolo Ndoumou, G. Tsala Ndzomo, N. Niemenak

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:337-347 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001041222799

Calli were induced in cacao cotyledon explants on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6 × 10-2 g m-3 saccharose and various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with kinetin (kin), benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 2-isopentenylphosphate (2-iP). Experiments were carried out on two clones of cacao differing in their susceptibility to black pod disease. The highest percentage of explants forming callus and the most rapid callus development were obtained with 10-6 g m-3 2,4-D and 0.5× 10-6 g m-3 kin. Somatic embryogenesis and rhizogenesis were induced by transferring 3-week-old callus in a half strength Murashige and Skoog...

Effect of plant growth regulators on evolution of ethylene and methane by different explants of chickpea

R. Chandra, S. Khetarpal, R. Polisetty

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:337-343 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001053627885

Shoot tips, cotyledonary nodes and hypocotyls of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were grown on 3 media: plant induction medium (PIM), callus induction medium (CIM), and shoot induction medium (SIM). Maximum growth and differentiation was seen in PIM, whereas minimum was observed in CIM. Shoot tips which differentiated to multiple shoots evolved negligible amounts of ethylene. Maximum ethylene evolution was recorded by hypocotyls in PIM. Ethylene appears to have stimulatory effect on shoot bud differentiation in cotyledonary nodes. But in hypocotyls, increased ethylene inhibited growth and differentiation. Calli on media containing only auxin (PIM) evolved...

Landsberg, J.J., Gower, S.T.: Applications of Physiological Ecology to Forest Management

M. Barták

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:344 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001198805112

Effects of ferulic acid on L-malate oxidation in isolated soybean mitochondria

M.A. Sert, M.L.L. Ferraresi, Y.R. Bernadelli, A.M. Kelmer-Bracht, A. Bracht, E.L. Ishii-Iwamoto

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:345-350 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001005711955

The effects of ferulic acid on L-malate oxidation in mitochondria isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings were investigated. Oxygen uptake and the products of L-malate oxidation were measured under two conditions: pH 6.8 and 7.8. At acidic pH, the activity of the NAD+-linked malic enzyme (L-malate:NAD+oxidoreductase [decarboxylating] EC 1.1.1.39) was favoured, whereas at alkaline pH a predominance of the L-malate dehydrogenase activity (L-malate:NAD+oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.37) was apparent. Ferulic acid inhibited basal and coupled respiration during L-malate oxidation either at acidic or alkaline pH, reducing also the amounts of pyruvate or...

Campbell, A., Anderson, W., Jones, E.W. (ed.): Annual Review of Genetics

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:348 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001017301843

Spudich, A. J., Gerhart, J., McKnight, S.L., Schekman, R. (ed.): Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:348 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001069318682

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in alfalfa suspension cultures treated with conidia and elicitors of Verticillium albo-atrum

M. Koike, K. Nanbu

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:349-353 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001015806870

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cell suspension cultures of Verticillium albo-atrum resistant and susceptible genotypes were established from leaf callus tissues. Treatment of cultures with conidia and heat-released elicitors of V. albo-atrum induced a large increase in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, only in the cells of the resistant genotypes with a maximum after 12 h. In co-cultivation with the fungal conidia and resistant cell lines, the production of spores were inhibited.

Effect of water and salt stresses on growth, chlorophyll, mineral ions and organic solutes contents, and enzymes activity in mung bean seedlings

M.A. Zayed, I.M. Zeid

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:351-356 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001057728794

The experiment was made by using different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or salt solutions to decrease the osmotic potential of the growth medium to reveal the response of mung bean (Vigna radiata) to water and salt stresses. No germination (emergence of the seedling) occurred at medium osmotic potential lower than -1.0 MPa in all treatments. It was found that the activity of α-amylase and protease, and contents of proline, saccharides and the soluble proteins decreased in the germinating seeds during 3-d stress. However, after 10-d stress, the contents of organic solutes and the activity of the hydrolytic enzymes increased. Growth,...

Carmichael, G.S., Flok, G.E., Schnoor, J.L. (ed.): Preparing for Global Change: a Midwestern Perspective

V. Špunda

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:354 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001021402752

Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility in three species of Zephyranthes (Amaryllidaceae)

T. Thoibi Devi, P.K. Borua

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:355-360 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001067807778

Studies on meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility have been carried out in Zephyranthes candida, Z. grandiflora and Z. flava. Maximum meiotic abnormalities in chromosome behaviour were observed in Z. candida and Z. grandiflora. There were variations in the number of bivalent formation, multivalents and anaphasic separation. All types of abnormalities were found to be associated with low percentage of pollen fertility. In Z. flava, chromosomal aberrations were low and pollen fertility was high.

Stress induced injury and antioxidant enzymes in relation to drought tolerance in wheat genotypes

R.K. Sairam, D.S. Shukla, D.C. Saxena

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:357-364 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001009812864

The role of plant antioxidant system in water stress tolerance was studied in three contrasting wheat genotypes. Water stress imposed at different stages after anthesis resulted in a general increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in membrane stability index (MSI), and contents of chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids (Car). Antioxidant enzymes like glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase significantly increased under water stress. Genotype C 306, which had highest glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activity, also showed lowest LPO and highest MSI, and Chl and Car contents under water stress in comparison to susceptible genotype...

Molecular analysis of genomic DNA-mediated transformation in Zea mays

W. Sawahel

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:361-367 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001072024617

Total genomic DNA isolated from maize hygromycin B resistant cell line(hygr-G204) was used to transform the maize hygromycin B sensitive cell line(hygs-G204) to the hygr-phenotype using polyethyleneglycol treatment and the transformed calli were selected using hygromycin B. The primary transformant maize plants were regenerated and analysed at the molecular level using DNA hybridization, transgenome rescue and histochemical β-glucuronidase assay. The results indicated that genomic DNA-mediated transformation can lead to transfer, expression and stable integration of a DNA fragment into the host genome.

Effect of radiation quality on growth, nitrogen uptake, and HCO3-, CO2 and pH interactions in Ulva pertusa

B. Muthuvelan, S. Yamasaki, K. Fujimori, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:365-371 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001061829702

A floating sterile mutant of Ulva pertusa, which grows faster than the wild type and also during summer periods, was grown in the laboratory under "white light" (WR as reference), broad band isoquantic red (600 - 700 nm, RR) and blue (400 - 500 nm, BR) radiation. The observed specific growth rates at WR, BR, and RR were 8.6, 2.15, and 1.2 %, respectively. A stimulatory effect of BR on the growth at low irradiance (60 μmol m-2 s-1) was observed during the 15 d of culture. Around 42.1 % of total nitrogen was used by Ulva mutant in WR, but under BR and RR it was around 27.0 and 16.7 %, respectively. However, the utilization of nitrogen under BR was...

Gerdes, J.T., Behr, C.F., Coors, H.G., Tracy, W.F.: Compilation of North American Maize Breeding Germplasm

N. Avratovščuková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:368 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001073419590

Saccharose and sorbitol transporters from plasmalemma membrane vesicles of peach tree leaves

C. Marquat, G. Pétel, M. Gendraud

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:369-378 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001024108687

The mechanisms of saccharose and sorbitol transport in Prunus persica leaves were investigated in plasma membrane vesicles purified by aqueous 2-phase partitioning and equilibrated in pH 7.5 buffer containing K+. The imposition of an artificial proton motive force energized an active uptake of both saccharose and sorbitol. The maximum uptake rate of saccharose was 2.5 times higher than that of sorbitol. Saccharose and sorbitol uptake exhibited saturation kinetics suggesting they were carrier-mediated. Apparent Km for the saccharose and the sorbitol uptake were 0.36 and 0.67 mM, respectively. Active absorption of saccharose was completely inhibited...

Schaffer, B., Andersen, P.C. (ed): Handbook of Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops

M. Barták

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:372 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001150921950

Effects of short-term NaCl stress on water relations and gas exchange of two jute species

K. Chaudhuri, M.A. Choudhuri

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:373-380 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001013913773

Thirty-day-old seedlings of two jute species (Corchorus capsularis L. cv. JRC 212 and C. olitorius L. cv. JRO 632) were subjected to short-term salinity stress (160 and 200 mM NaCl for 1 and 2 d). Relative water content, leaf water potential, water uptake, transpiration rate, water retention, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of both jute species decreased due to salinity stress. The decrease was greater in C. olitorius than in C. capsularis and with higher magnitude of stress. Greater accumulation of Na+ and Cl- and a lower ratio of K+/Na+ in the root and shoot of C. olitorius compared with C. capsularis were also...

Effects of source/sink manipulation on net photosynthetic rate and photosynthate partitioning during grain filling in winter wheat

Z. Wang, J. Fu, M. He, Q. Tian, H. Cao

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:379-385 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001076125525

Source-sink relationship, which was influenced by both genotype and environmental factors, contributed to the variation in photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning of wheat. Source reduction by partial defoliation increased leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN), and sink reduction decreased PN of irrigated wheat. However, the change in PN varied among genotypes. Source reduction enhanced photosynthate translocation into grain in irrigated wheat. However, the enhancement was more evident in cv. Lumai 215953 than incv. Lumai 15. Sink reduction had little effect on the translocation of photosynthate into grain in cv. Lumai 15, but decreased the translocation...

Response of French bean cultivars to water deficits: Changes in endogenous hormones, proline and chlorophyll

K.K. Upreti, G.S.R. Murti, R.M. Bhatt

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:381-388 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001065930611

Effects of water stress at different stages of plant growth on leaf relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential (Ψos) and changes in contents of chlorophyll, abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (t-ZR), ethylene and proline in six cultivars of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied. Under water stress, Ψos and RWC were highest in cv. Contender and lowest in cvs. IIHR-909 and Sel-2. The increase in contents of ABA and proline was marked in cv. Contender followed by cv. UPF-626. Decrease in t-ZR and chlorophyll contents was prominent in cv. IIHR-909. Ethylene production surged in all the cultivars under 4- and 8-d stress and declined...

Hilbig W.: The Vegetation of Mongolia

P. Pyšek

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:386 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001025503661

Accumulation of stress-proteins in intercellular spaces of barley leaves induced by biotic and abiotic factors

L. Tamás, J. Huttová, Z. Žigová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:387-394 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001028226434

Accumulation of the extracellular proteins localized in intercellular spaces of barley primary leaves was examined after inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) as biotic stress factor and after abiotic stresses such as heat shock, low temperature and heavy metal (Mg,Zn, Cu, Al, Cd and Co) treatment using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Six to eight major pathogen-induced proteins (bands on native gel) have been identified. Their accumulation at host-parasite incompatibility was more expressive than at compatibility interaction. Elevated temperature did not induce pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins while low temperature...

The isomerization of glutamate dehydrogenase in response to lead toxicity in maize

G.O. Osuji, V.A. Haby, A. Beyene, W.C. Madu, A.S. Mangaroo

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:389-398 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001018014681

Maize (Zea mays) was cultivated on lead-adultrated soil up to 600 mg(Pb) kg-1. At maturity, the maize seeds were harvested. The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was fractionated to its isoenzyme population by Rotofor isoelectric focusing (IEF). The increasing Pb concentration progressively enhanced the more acidic isoenzymes (pI 6.3 - 6.5), and at the same time suppressed the less acidic isoenzymes (pI 7.3 - 7.8) and at the 600 mg(Pb) kg-1(soil) only the most acidic couple of isoenzymes (pI 6.3, and 6.5) were detectable. The NH4+ Km values of the GDH increased progressively from 6.2 in the control to 100 mM and the total glutathione content of maize seeds...

Alleviation of sodium chloride induced inhibition of growth and nitrogen metabolism of clusterbean by calcium

B.K. Garg, S. Kathju, S.P. Vyas, A.N. Lahiri

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:395 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001032310504

Increasing NaCl concentration (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) progressively decreased growth and seed yield of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.) which was associated with decreased concentrations of potassium and calcium and increased concentration of sodium in the shoots. Supplemental calcium (2.5 and 5.0 mM) significantly ameliorated the adverse effects of NaCl due to enhanced Ca and K uptake and reduced Na uptake. Calcium also alleviated the negative effects of NaCl on activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes as well as on contents of soluble protein and free amino acids.

Effect of lead on nitrate reductase activity and alleviation of lead toxicity by inorganic salts and 6-benzylaminopurine

R.P. Singh, S. Dabas, A. Choudhary, R. Maheshwari

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:399-404 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001155431519

A concentration dependent decrease in root nitrate reductase (E.C.1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) by 0.1 to 2.0 mM lead acetate was noticed in three cultivars of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (K851, MH8320 and ML337). Leaf NRA, on the other hand, increased significantly with increasing lead concentration which was more pronounced in cvs. MH8320 and ML337 than in cv. K851. Total nitrogen content of root and shoot was generally increased due to supply of the lead acetate, whereas the total nitrogen content of the colyledons was hardly affected in cvs. MH8320 and ML337 and decreased in cv. K851 during the early growth phase. The inhibition of root NRA could be alleviated...

Hirose, T., Walker, B.H. (ed.): Global Changes and Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia

M.V. Marek

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:402 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001077520499

Effects of cadmium, nickel and lead on growth, chlorophyll content and proteins of weeds

E.A. Ewais

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:403-410 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001084327343

The effects of Cd, Ni and Pb on the growth, chlorophyll (Chl) and protein contents, and content of proteases of potted weed plants Cyperus difformis, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Digitaria sanguinolis were determined. The three heavy metals inhibited the shoot growth but were less suppresive to root growth. They also lowered leaf Chl content. The changes in root and shoot protein and proteases contents of weeds were interrelated. The heavy metal additions to soil increased their contents in both roots and shoots, several times more in roots than in shoots.

Effects of biomin and algae suspensions on the activities of carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes in cadmium-treated pea plants

S.M. Kamenova-Jouhimenko, Y.K. Markovska, V.T. Georgieva

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:405-410 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001122115590

Cadmium-treated pea plants exhibited PEPC and NADP-ME activities, titratable acidity, and malate concentration in the leaves similar to controls. The PEPC activity in the roots of Cd-treated plants decreased by about 40 %, and NADP-ME increased more than twice. The titratable acidity remained similar as in the leaves, but the malate content diminished by about 30 %. The application of 500 g(d.m.) m-3 biomin and a combination of biomin and algae suspensions to Cd-treated plants brought about an increase in the titratable acidity and in the malate concentrations in the leaves and the roots.

Effects of zinc and salinity on growth and anatomical structure of Carthamus tinctorius L.

M.A.A. Gadallah, T. Ramadan

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:411-418 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001036411413

Changes in growth and anatomical structure of vascular tissues in stem, root and leaf of safflower plants grown in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions having different osmotic potentials (ΨS from 0 to -0.9 MPa) with addition of 0, 10 and 20 mg dm-3 zinc were studied. Shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry masses and fresh/dry mass ratio were lower in salt-stressed plants compared to unstressed plants. Salinity induced structural changes in stem, root and leaf tissues; few xylem vessels with smaller size were noticed in stressed plants. The higher concentration of Zn improved growth especially in roots and enhanced xylem formation in comparison to stressed...

Accumulation of cadmium, lead and strontium, and a role of calcium oxalate in water hyacinth tolerance

A. M. A. Mazen, O. M. O. El Maghraby

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:411-417 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001174132428

Eichhornia crassipes plants brought from the River Nile were cultured in jars containing river water supplemented with various concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Sr (0 to 100 μg cm-3), added simultaneously. Treatment continued for 20 d during which each cultivation solution was being replaced with fresh one every 3 d. The growth of Eichhornia was drastically retarded at heavy metal concentrations higher than 15 μg cm-3. At concentrations 15 or 25 μg cm-3, the accumulation of Cd and Pb to levels several times higher than those in control plants was found. More than 50 % of the uptaken metals were retained by roots alone. Leaves and leaf petiols...

Pietropaolo, J., Pietropaolo, P.: Carnivorous Plants of the World

J. Ďurkovič

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:418 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001103006020

Diurnal variations of chlorophyll and dry matter contents of Senna occidentalis in response to zinc and soil moisture

K.A. Farghali

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:419-424 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001126316498

The effect of concentration of zinc ions on chlorophyll (Chl) and dry matter contents in Senna occidentalis (L.) Link plants was studied under various availability of soil water. Diurnally, the internal Zn2+ content was predominantly affected by supplied Zn2+ and by daytime (Tm). Chl content, Chl a/b ratio, and Chl stability to heat were mainly affected by soil water content, and the dry matter content depended mostly on Tm.

Associations of sugar beet and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in vitro

N. Mrkovački, S. Mezei, I. Verešbaranji, M. Popović, Z. Sarić, L. Kovačev

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:419-425 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001088412321

The associations of four Azotobacter chroococcum strains (2, 5, 8 14) isolated from the rhizosphere with two sugar beet hybrids (Hy-11 and Dana) grown in vitro have been investigated. All tested strains caused an increase in dry mass of both hybrids almost proportionally to the nitrogen content in the medium. Plant nitrogen content was also higher in inoculated variants. The highest nitrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were in Hy-11 associated with strain 5 and in hybrid Dana associated with strain 8. These associations were the most effective in N2-fixation 2 weeks after inoculation. The results showed specificity of individual strains...

Does allelopathy involve in the association pattern of Trifolium resupinatum L.?

A.A. El-Khatib

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:425-431 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001178300569

Indoor experiments demonstrated that allelopathic potential of rosette and flowering plants of qort is an important factor explaining the growth reduction of its associated species. Aqueous tissue extracts of flowering plants exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the germination percentage and radicle growth rate of the tested species as compared with those of vegetative plants. Under laboratory conditions, this inhibition was in agreement with toxicity assessments of soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of T. resupinatum L., where shoot and root dry mass of the tested species were significantly reduced. Detoxification of allelochemicals by...

P. Mathis (ed.): Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:426 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001029604569

Effect of red radiation, kinetin and linuron on growth and ethylene production in Chlorella

V.D. Kreslavsky, E.F. Kobzar, E.N. Muzafarov

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:427-430 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001092529160

Both short-term and continuous red radiation stimulated while far red radiation inhibited growth and ethylene production in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Kinetin and linuron also affected culture density and ethylene production, depending on their concentration. Phytochrome might participated in the regulation of growth and ethylene production.

Somatic embryogenesis of maize hybrids: histological analysis

O. Erdelská, B. Sýkorová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:431-436 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001044613230

The immature zygotic embryos of reciprocal maize hybrids (CHI-31 x GF1 and CHI-31 × GE2) were used as the initial material for induction of somatic embryogenesis in vitro. Histological analysis of somatic embryogenesis revealed high developmental variability. The arising formations were classified into 5 groups: A) somatic embryos phenotypically similar to zygotic embryos, B) polyembryos, C) formations with radicle but without meristematic plumule, D) formations with radicle without differentiated plumule, and E) formations with plumule without radicle. The formatioms A and B regenerated directly into plants. Plant regeneration from formations E required...

Suhai, S. (ed.): Theoretical and Computational Methods in Genome Research

I. Wiesner

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:432 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001155022859

Symbiotic properties of antibiotic-resistant mutants of Rhizobium galegae

L. Gigova, N. Petrova, V. Vassileva, G. Ignatov

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:433-440 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001130417407

Mutagenesis provoked by exposure to increased concentration of antibiotics of five indigenous Rhizobium galegae strains resulted in the generation of several antibiotic-resistant mutants. The mutants differed from the wild type and one from another in respect to the nodulation capacity, the nitrogenase activity, the nodule ultrastructure, and the plant growth response. Galega plants inoculated with mutants resistant to streptomycin and rifampicin formed nodules with higher nitrogenase activity and accumulated more shoot dry biomass than plants inoculated with the parent strains. Resistance to kanamycin and nalidixic acid was associated with significant...

Growth and photosynthesis in bell-pepper as affected by sink manipulation

R.M. Bhatt, N.K. Srinivasa Rao

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:437-439 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001096614139

Developing fruits on lower nodes were major reproductive sink for photosynthates in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The removal of these fruits resulted in faster growth of other fruits on upper nodes. Sink manipulated plants have the higher rate of net photosynthetic rate at the later stages of plant development.

Galbraith, D.W., Bourque, D.P., Bohnert, J.J. (ed.): Methods in Plant Cell Biology

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:440 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001081621408

Nitrogen and Azotobacter chroococcum enhance oxidative stress tolerance in sugar beet

D. Štajner, S. Kevrešan, O. Gašić, N. Mimica-Dukić, H. Zongli

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:441 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001000830977

After treatment with increased quantities of nitrogen and Azotobacter strains, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, soluble proteins and dry matter in leaves of sugar beet increased.

Combined effects of aflatoxin B1 and citrinin on maize seedlings

G. Prasad

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:441-447 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001182401477

Effect of two important mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and citrinin (concentration 2 g m-3) at various combinations (i.e., 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1, v/v) on seed germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, starch, sugar, protein and nucleic acid contents, α-amylase activity, and respiration quotient was studied in maize cv. Suwan composite. The maximum and minimum inhibitions were recorded in most of the above parameters (except starch) at 3:1 and 1:3 combination ratios of these toxins, respectively. However, the inhibition rates varied with the treatments.

Bajaj, Y.P.S. (ed.): Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VI

M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:446 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001033805478

Ammonium accumulation in relation to growth of rice cell suspension under phosphate deprivation

C.-Y. Shih, C.H. Kao

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:447-451 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001052915047

Suspension-cultured rice cells growth was markedly inhibited and ammonium content increased when rice cells were deprived of phosphate. When rice cells were cultured at increasing concentrations of ammonium chloride, ammonium content increased, however, no significant inhibition of cell growth was observed. Addition of D-arginine, an inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis, resulted in a complete recovery of growth in rice cells under phosphate deprivation, but did not decrease the content of ammonium. Our results indicate that the growth inhibition induced by phosphate deprivation is not associated with ammonium accumulation.

Lichtenthaler, H.K. (ed.): Vegetation Stress

H. Synková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:448 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001107206929

Distribution of Cu2+-diamine oxidase during ontogeny of seedlings of Vigna radiata cultivars

A. Choudhary, R.P. Singh

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:449-452 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001134518316

Activity of Cu2+-diamine oxidase (DAO; E.C.1.4.3.6.) was measured in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cultivars K851, MH8320 and Pusa Baisakhi in light and in dark during ontogeny of seedlings. DAO activity was always the highest in cv. K851. In both light and dark grown seedlings maximum DAO activity was detected on day 2 after germination. Thereafter, in light grown seedlings it declined consistently upto non-detectable levels. In dark, DAO activity was higher than in light and it had the second maximum on day 7 following a similar declining pattern as observed for the light grown seedlings. The DAO activity was higher in a shoot apex alongwith leaves...

Maliga, P., Kiessing, D.F., Cashmore, A.R., Gruissem, W., Varner, J.E. (eds.): Methods in Plant Molecular Biology

M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:452 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001085822316

Role of abscisic acid in regulation of wheat seedling growth under salinity stress

S.S.M. Naqvi, S. Mumtaz, A. Shereen, M.A. Khan, A.H. Khan

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:453-456 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001005031886

Growth of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mehran-89), in hydroponic culture, was affected by abscisic acid (ABA). Using salinity stress and exogenous ABA application (10-6 M) to enhance endogenous ABA level, the growth of roots was more suppressed than the growth of shoots. On the other hand, norflurazon, which inhibits ABA biosynthesis, reduced only the growth of shoots.

Effect of salinity on chlorophyll and proline contents in three aquatic macrophytes

N.P. Rout, S.B. Tripathi, B.P. Shaw

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:453-458 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001186502386

The role of proline in imparting tolerance to salinity was investigated in Hydrilla verticillata, Najas indica and Najas gramenia. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl and artificial sea water (SWS) separately. The chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio decreased significantly in all the three plant species in both NaCl and SWS treatments, comparatively more in former than the latter. NaCl resulted in drastic decrease in this ratio in salt sensitive H. verticillata and N. indica, but in somewhat lesser decrease in salt resistant N. gramenia. Proline content increased at both NaCl and SWS treatments, especially at the latter. However, in...

Influence of peroxides, ascorbate and glutathione on germination and growth in Lupinus albus L.

A. Cano, F. Artes, M.B. Arnao, J. Sanchez-Bravo, M. Acosta

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:457-461 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001057015956

Lupinus albus L. seeds were treated with different concentrations (from 10 µM to 50 mM) of H2O2, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH). The efficiency as inhibitors on germination and on the subsequent growth of the hypocotyl was mCPBA > GSH > ASC = H2O2, which suggest that inhibitory efficiency was dependent on the compound per se rather than on its redox nature.

Biochemical changes induced by accelerated ageing in Bambusa bambos seeds

R. Ravikumar, G. Ananthakrishnan, A. Ganapathi, T. Appasamy

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:459-464 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001138619224

Decrease in seed viability and germination rate may be caused by biochemical changes associated with seed ageing. Different biochemical assays were conducted to investigate the changes occurring at the ageing of Bambusa bambos seeds. A reduction in the total content of food reserves such as sugars, proteins and lipids were recorded. Decreased activity of peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase were also noticed during accelerated ageing. A substantial increase in total free amino acids and the activity of amylases confirms the degradation of stored biomolecules in seeds during ageing.

Groves, R.H. (ed.): Australian Vegetation

J. Jeník

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:462 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001037906386

Silicon and copper interaction in the growth of spring wheat seedlings

W. Nowakowski, J. Nowakowska

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:463-466 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001009100026

Shoot and root fresh and dry matters and their Cu content were determined in 7-d-old seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alkora treated with Cu (10,20, 40 µg cm-3) and Si (500 µg cm-3). Si significantly reduced the toxic effect of Cu on fresh and dry matter production of wheat seedlings. Moreover, plants treated with Cu and Si absorbed less Cu from the solution and had higher water content in shoots and roots than that treated with Cu only.

Micropropagation of a medicinal plant, Plantago major L.

S. Mederos, C. Martin, E. Navarro, M.J. Ayuso

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:465-468 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001190603295

An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for an important medicinal plant, Plantago major L. For this purpose, it is recommended to culture shoot-tips on modified MS medium [412.5 mg dm-3 NH4NO3 and 340 mg dm-3 KH2PO4] supplemented with 50 g dm-3 glucose and 0.5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Maximum rooting frequency was obtained at 1 μM naphthaleneacetic acid.

Immunohistochemical localization of the stress-related anionic peroxidase in germinating cucumber seeds

V. Repka, I. Fischerová, G. Vanek

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:467-472 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001061116864

The distribution of the stress-related anionic peroxidase in the course of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed germination was determined by tissue printing and immunoblotting. Of the three molecular forms of cucumber stress-related anionic peroxidase, the form PRX 1 was temporally accumulated in developing seedlings. Up to 6 d of germination PRX 1 was localized mainly in roots. As germination progressed, the immunoreactive PRX 1 signal was found in the transition zone between roots and stem, as well as in the lower epidermis of expanding cotyledons at the midrib.

Hexokinases of tobacco leaves: influence of plant age on particulate and soluble isozyme composition

L. Šindelář, M. Šindelářová, L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:469-474 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001142720133

Changes in hexokinase particulate and soluble isozyme composition and activities in leaves of 65- and 115-d-old tobacco plants were determined by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. During plant ageing, the activities of glucose and of fructose phosphorylating isozymes of particulate hexokinase decreased to 9.9 and 9.2 % of initial value, respectively. The activity of soluble hexokinase decreased to a lesser extent: that of glucose phosphorylating isozyme to 49.8 % and of fructose phosphorylating isozyme to 37.8 %. The activity of soluble fructokinase isozyme dropped to 34.8 %. Thus also the ratio of particulate and soluble isozymes was...

The double staining of plant peroxidase and other proteins in the same polyacrylamide gel

V. Repka, I. Fischerová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:473-478 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001013200935

We present a simple and rapid technique for the double staining of plant peroxidase and other proteins in the same polyacrylamide gel using the principle of iodide oxidation followed by Coomassie Blue counterstain. The colored bands of peroxidase isozymes and proteins are easily distinguishable. An additional benefit of the method is the use of the low cost chemicals, as well as it eliminates the need for a potentially hazardous reagents frequently used in the detection of peroxidase isozymes.

A simple procedure for the detection of plant extracellular proteolytic enzymes

J. Stano, P. Kovács, I. Šafařík, D. Kákoniová, M. Šafaříková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:475-477 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001194704203

A simple procedure for the detection of extracellular plant proteolytic enzymes using insoluble dye stained gelatin substrates incorporated into an appropriate culture medium is described. Extracellular proteinases produced by the tested plant cells (callus culture and cell suspension) hydrolyzed the substrates and dyed peptide fragments were released. Dyed zones around and under the proteinase-producing callus cultures were formed on the agar medium. Similarly, coloration of the culture media using proteinase-producing cell suspensions was observed.

Foyer, C.H., Quick, W.P.: A Molecular Approach to Primary Metabolism in Higher Plants

H. Synková

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:478 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001159223767

Slavik B. (ed.): [Flora of the Czech Republic, Vol. 4]

V. Zelený

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:479-480 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001089923225

Procházka, S., Šebánek, J. et al.: Regulátory rostlinného růstu

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:479 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001111307838

Grillo, S., Leone, A, (ed.): Physical Stresses in Plants. Genes and Their Products for Tolerance

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1997, 39:480 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001042007295