Biologia plantarum, 1968 (vol. 10), issue 3

Article

Effect of nutrition on the distribution of potassium and phosphorus inCucurbita pepo L.

Olga Vaňousová

Biologia plantarum 10:157, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921033

In young pumpkin plants, the phosphorus was found not to be affected substantially by potassium deficiency whereas the deficiency of calcium has marked effects. Potassium distribution is not affected substantially by either phosphorus or calcium deficiency.
In short-term experiments, the presence of calcium affects markedly the total uptake of potassium but the potassium distribution remains unaltered. The stimulation of potassium uptake is far more pronounced in plants pre-cultivated in a complete nutrient solution than in those pre-cultivated in a calcium-deficient one; this is apparently due to profound metabolic changes taking place in plants...

Amino acids and growth substances in barley root excretions (Hordeum distichon L.) and their biological effect

J. Hofbauer, J. Minář

Biologia plantarum 10:166-176, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921034

The biological effect of barley root excretions was studied during a 4 to 10 days cultivation period. The effect of root excretions changes according to the cultivation period of barley. It was ascertained by means of a bioassay that growth was either conclusively stimulated or the root excretions did not affect growth of the roots and of the upper part ofNasturtium. No significant inhibitory effect was observed. The effect of the single amino acids and of their mixtures found in the root excretions of barley was quite different. The following amino acids were determined by paper chromatography in root excretions: alanine, asparagine, phenylalanine,...

Synchronization of the cultures ofScenedesmus quadricauda by optimalizing the length of the light period

J. Komárek, J. Růžička, J. Simmer

Biologia plantarum 10:177-189, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921035

Experiments revealed that the synchronized cultures ofScenedesmus quadricauda, strainGreifswald/15, must be kept under continuous illumination throughout the whole growth phase (from the release of daughter coenobia up to the moment when all cells are capable of further reproduction). The length of the light period is among others the function of the suspension density. With regard to these facts a method of synchronization was worked out on the basis of a rhythmical repetition of the calculated light regime, corresponding to the physiological parameters of the synchronized strain under given cultivation conditions. This method enables to maintain...

The influence of exogenous DNA of different origin on the mitosis and chromosomes of irradiated meristematic cells ofVicia faba

Jana Šlotová, Z. Karpfel

Biologia plantarum 10:190, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921036

In this paper we compare the influence of heterologous and isologous DNA on the radiation damage repair of primary root meristematic cells ofVicia faba. Roots, irradiated by exposure of 150 r were cultivated at different time intervals either in tap water, or in a solution of heterologous or isologous DNA. In comparing mitotic activity of meristematic cells it was found that both types of DNA studied enhance the recovery of irradiated cells. The frequency of postmetaphase chromosomal aberrations of irradiated cells was influenced also by post-irradiation action of exogenous DNA. While heterologous DNA exhibited synergical effect with radiation...

Cell division and chromosome numbers in the tissue culture ofNicotiana tabacum

H. Kallak

Biologia plantarum 10:199, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921037

The callus tissue derived from tobacco pith and subcultured for 5^1/2 years on a solid synthetic modium revealed considerable differences in cell division activity depending on the age of the subculture and diurnal rhythm. The callus cells exhibited different level of ploidy among which an aneuploid condition nearer to diploid (2n=30-50) predominated. Chromosomal bridges and other structural rearrangements (lagging chromosomes, fragments) were observed in ana-and telophase.

Isolation and some physiological properties of natural plant growth inhibitors

Rakhil Turetskaya, V. Kefeli, M. Kutáček, Květa Vacková, N. Tschumakovski, Taisia Krupnikova

Biologia plantarum 10:205-221, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921038

Using paper chromatography and conventional methods of isolation, natural growth inhibitors were isolated from green leaves of different plants (Brassica oleracea, Zea mays, Pisum sativum andSalix rubra). All isolated inhibitors were found to be phenolic compounds and the chemical structure of most of them was determined; only the final structure of theBrassica inhibitor has not yet been ascertained. 500 mg of natural inhibitor ofPisum sativum was isolated from 1500 g of leaves and was identified as quercetin-glucosil-p-coumarate (QGC), described earlier byFuruya, Galston andStowe (1961). The structure of the natural inhibitor...

Effect of different constant soil moisture levels on net assimilation rate, relative transpiration, osmotic pressure of cell sap and water saturation deficit of the leaves

J. Václavík

Biologia plantarum 10:222, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921039

A study was made of the effect of different constant soil moisture (90, 60 and 30 or 40% maximum capillary capacity) on the net assimilation rate (N.A.R.) in maize in relation to changes in relative transpiration (R.T.), water saturation deficit of the leaves (W.S.D.) and osmotic pressure of the cell sap (O.P.). The soil moisture was maintained constant either from the planting of the germinating grain, or from the phase of 4-6 leaves. An attempt was made to interpret the mechanism of action of water deficit on photosynthesis and at a rough differentiation between the indirect effect through changes in internal diffusive resistance to carbon dioxide...

Chemical composition, protein digestibility and heat of combustion of filamentous green algae

F. Hindák, S. Přibil

Biologia plantarum 10:234, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921040

The filamentous green algae investigated (Hormidium sp. strainHindák 1963/21,Ulothrix sp. strainHindák 1964/2,Uronema gigas Visch. strainVischer/Bloom. 174,Uronema sp. strainHindák 1963/25 andStigeoclonium sp. strainHindák 1964/1), contain similar amounts of proteins, lipids, cellulose and ash as the hitherto used production strains of the generaChlorella andScenedesmus. The digestibility of proteins in vitro is about one-third higher in the filamentous algae than in the employed referenceScenedesmus quadricauda strainGreifswald/15, used in Czechoslovakia as a model production strain. The heats...

Pectic enzyme production and morphogenesis in Helminthosporium atypicum

K. S. Deshpande, K. B. Deshpande

Biologia plantarum 10:245-250, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921041

The production of pectic enzymes byHelminthosporium atypicum and its morphogenesis on different media were studied. It was observed that the fungus produces pectic enzyme (macerating enzyme) adaptively. Increasing concentrations of glucose had an inhibitory effect on enzyme production. Glucose promotes profuse growth and early sporulation whereas presence of pectin slows down the growth and delays sporulation. Delay in sporulation is the effect of presence of pectin and not of the low pH of the medium. It is also suggested that in the case ofH. atypicum low pH of the medium does not allow the fungus to utilize a carbon source as efficiently...

Effects of temperature on infection of French bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by lucerne mosaic virus

J. Bodnár, B. A. Kvíčala

Biologia plantarum 10:251, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921042

The effect of temperature on the number of lesions and the time of their appearance was studied by inoculating French bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Perlička) with lucerne mosaic virus either 24 or 48 h before or, 24 or 48 h after they were exposed to various temperatures. The temperatures tested were 23, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 36° C.
Before and after such exposures the plants were kept in a constant temperature of 25° C. By increasing the temperature before inoculation the number of lesions increased in comparison with the control. The optimal temperature for the maximum number of lesions is between 27° and 30° C. There is no significant...

Dispersing of radioactive sodium and potassium preparations applied on the surface of plants, as a source of misinterpretations in biological experiments

R. Antoszewski, Elwira K. Lis

Biologia plantarum 10:257-258, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921043

Dispersing of splits of NaCl and KCl during the drying process has been found using labelled²⁴Na and⁴²K preparations. This bursting effect can cause some misinterpretations in biological experiments with plant material.

The effect of humus substances on the level of free amino acids in wheat plants

Helena Havlíčková

Biologia plantarum 10:259, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921044

The presence of potassium humate (commercial sample of Humussäure Riedel-de Haën A. G., Seelze-Hannover) in distilled water led to an increase in the content of alanine, aspartic and glutamic acid in the overground parts of wheat plants as compared with the content of these substances in control plants grown in distilled water. In plants cultivated on nutrient solutions a higher level of alanine and glutamic acid and a considerably lower level of amides was found than in plants grown in distilled water and in water with humate. Generally the content of amino acids was higher in the overground parts than in the roots after a cultivation period of one...

Test-tube fertilization in Nicotiana tabacum by means of an artificial pollen tube culture

Věra Balatková, J. Tupý

Biologia plantarum 10:266, 1968 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921045

Three techniques of the test-tube fertilization by means of an artificial pollen tube culture are described. The essentials for each individual method are:
1. Transfer of pollen tubes from the sugar solution onto the placentae in the test tube.
2. Placing the placentae with ovules onto pollen tube culture.
3. Precultivation of pollen tubes on small cellophane squares placed on the surface of a semi-liquid medium and transfer of cellophane squares along with the pollen culture to the solid medium, over which finally the placentae with ovules are placed.
By means of all the three techniques viable seeds were obtained in vitro. In an artificial...