PCR derived molecular markers and phylogenetic relationships in theSecale genus

J. C. Del Pozo, A. M. Figueiras, C. Benito, A. De La Peña

Biologia plantarum 37:481-489, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908823

DNA from 22 different species, accessions, cultivars and lines included in theSecale genus were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using as primers five pairs of oligonucleotides derived from specific sequences. A total of 42 amplified bands were considered, and some of them appeared to be potentially useful as molecular markers for some of the analyzed groups. These amplified bands were used to generate molecular phenograms inside theSecale genus.

Effects of therolABC, rolAB, and CaMV 35S-rolC genes on growth and nitrogen fixation inLotus corniculatus L.

D. Požárková, G. Šiffelová, V. Našinec, I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 37:491, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908825

Lotus corniculatus has been transformed byAgrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring therolABC, rolAB, and 35S-rolC constructs. Growth, shoot and root morphology, cytokinin and auxin concentrations in the shoots, chlorophyll content in the leaves, nodulation and nodule nitrogenase activity of clonal progenies of selected transformants, in which the transferredrol sequences were proved, were compared with control plants.
The most striking alterations were observed in the 35S-rolC transformants (dwarfism, shoot and root branching, shorter internodes, delayed nodule formation, decreased nitrogenase activity, reduced...

The influence of elicitation on the subcellular localization and content of sanguinarine in callus cells ofPapaver somniferum L.

M. Bobák, M. Nádaská, J. Šamaj, A. Blehová, K. Erdelský, M. Ovečka, J. Krištín

Biologia plantarum 37:501, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908827

The fungal elicitor prepared fromBotrytis cinerea affected sanguinarine alkaloid formation and accumulation in callus cells ofPapaver somniferum L. Ultrastructural changes have been observed in association with the accumulation and secretion of sanguinarine in elicitor-treated cells. Alkaloid content in elicited cells was showed as a electrondense material (osmiophilic aggregations), which occurred on the tonoplast and in freely floating bodies in the vacuole. A 30-times increasing of sanguinarine content was observed in elicitor-treated cultures.

Changes of nicotinamide coenzymes and adenylate energy charge in leaves of hybrid and parental tomato forms in anin vitro culture

V. V. Titok, O. V. Rusinova, L. V. Khotyleva

Biologia plantarum 37:507, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908828

Interrelation between dry matter in leaves and catabolic and anabolic activity in parental forms and F₁-hybrids ofLycopersicon esculentum Mill was investigated underin vitro culture. Heterosis in dry matter was observed in hybrids and similar values of adenylate energy charge (AEC) and the redox charge (RC), displaying balance between the systems generating energy and the processes associated with its consumption, were revealed. A higher recovery degree of NADP-NADPH system in comparison with NAD-NADH one, showing inutilization of recovery equivalents in the NADPH form in biosynthetic processes, was detected in the initial...

Relationship between peroxidase activity and flower localization alongVanilla planifolia vines

J. -G. Fouché, M. P. Coumans

Biologia plantarum 37:515, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908830

Decapitated pending vines are the most responsive parts of vanilla plants. Inflorescence localization along training vines showed a decreasing gradient from the decapitated end to the base in sun locality and was irregular and showed opposite gradient in shade locality. Soluble and ionic peroxidase activities, determined in the leaves and in the internodes, showed a marked peak during the end of June and a gradient along training vines which was inverse to the gradient of inflorescence localization and opposite between sun or shade conditions, supporting the utility of peroxidases as spatial and temporal biochemical markers of flowering processes.

Organ-specific expression of the stress-related anionic peroxidases in cucumber flowers

V. Repka, M. Jung

Biologia plantarum 37:523, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908832

The study revealed a marked qualitative and quantitative differences in the pattern of expression of three stress-related cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Laura) isoperoxidases. Activity staining, as well as the protein gel blot (Western blotting) confirmed that the proteins studied are differentially expressed in both male and female sepals, in male but not in female pedicels and in, pistil. By using antibodies specific to three stress-related peroxidases, one serologically related pistil-specific anionic peroxidase was detected. This specific band had never been observed in other flower organs. Differential appearance of the stress-related...

Effect of ammonium salt on enzymes of ammonium assimilation in maize seedlings

R. S. Sengar, H. S. Srivastava

Biologia plantarum 37:533, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908834

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH E.C. 1.4.1.2.4), glutamine synthetase (GS E.C. 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase, GOGAT E.C. 2.6.1.53) activities, protein and organic nitrogen contents and growth of roots and shoots of maize seedlings raised in dark at 25±2°C in half strength Hoagland's solution containing different ammonium salts as source of nitrogen, were determined to assess the contribution of alternate pathways in ammonium assimilation. Ammonium nitrate or in some cases ammonium chloride appeared to be the best source for both root and shoot growth and for increase in protein, total nitrogen and the...

The effects of lead and kinetin on greening barley leaves

A. Woźny, J. Schneider, E. A. Gwóźdź

Biologia plantarum 37:541, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908836

The content of lead in greening etiolated barley leaves remained the same, regardless the time of incubation of excised leaves in the presence of lead ions (8-24 h). The lead deposits have not been detected within mesophyll cells, but were found in intercellular spaces of mesophyll, in guard cells and in cuticle covering stomata. This suggests that lead may be transported in the leavesvia transpiration stream. Lead reduced the content of chlorophyll, especially chlorophyllb content and the average number of grana, whereas in the presence of kinetin the content of chlorophyll increased. In the combined treatment (lead + kinetin) kinetin...

Phytohormones and structure of cells ofAcer saccharinum seed embryo

L. I. Musatenko, V. A. Berestetsky, N. P. Vedenicheva, V. N. Generalova, G. I. Martyn, K. M. Sytnik

Biologia plantarum 37:553, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908837

Endogenous phytohormone levels and cell structure ofAcer saccharinum embryos were studied during seed development. Mature seeds had high water content (50%) and were able to germinate immediately after fruit abscission. The submicroscopic cell structure was similar to the structure of functionally active cells. Free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin content and gibberellin-like substances (GLS) activity were determined during embryo maturation. Decrease in ABA, free IAA and cytokinin levels was observed at the end of maturation. Mature seeds contained considerable amounts of conjugated...

Changes in lipid composition of winter wheat leaves under low temperature stress: effect of molybdenum supply

I. A. Yaneva, R. V. Vunkova-Radeva, K. L. Stefanov, A. S. Tsenov, T. P. Petrova, G. O. Petkov

Biologia plantarum 37:561, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908839

Molybdenum appliedin vivo to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Sadovo 1) grown on acid soil had cryoprotective effect. In Mo-treated plants the amount of digalactosyl diacylglycerol in the leaves increased during cold acclimation and that of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol remained relatively unchanged. An opposite tendency was observed in untreated plants. The most pronounced effect of freezing temperature on lipid changes was observed with respect to the different rate of phospholipid degradation in both kinds of plants. The amount of phospholipids at -5°C in Mo-treated plants increased while in untreated ones it significantly decreased....

Responses of four arid zone grass species from varying habitats to drought stress

M. Ashraf, N. Yasmin

Biologia plantarum 37:567, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908840

The effects of 4 or 8 drought cycles on four grass species,Cenchrus pennisetiformis, Leptochloa fusca, Panicum turgidum, andPennisetum divisum were assessed in a pot experiment. There were significant differences between the species in biomass production under water stress.C. pennisetiformis andP. turgidum produced significantly greater fresh and dry matter thanP. divisum and especially thanL. fusca. L. fusca had the lowest andP. divisum highest osmotic potentials compared with the other species after the completion of 4 or 8 drought cycles. Osmotic adjustment (difference between osmotic potential of...

Peroxidase activities of two rice cultivars differing in salinity tolerance as affected by proline and NaCl

S. Lutts, G. Guerrier

Biologia plantarum 37:577, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908842

Proline content, ion accumulation, cell wall and soluble peroxidase activities were determined in control and salt-treated calli (150 nM NaCl) and whole plants (30 mM NaCl) of two rice cultivars (salt sensitive cv. IKP and salt tolerant cv. Aiwu). Under salinity, the highest accumulation of Na⁺, Cl^- and proline occurred in calli, roots and younger leaves of cv. IKP, coupled with the highest decrease in K⁺ content; accumulations of Na⁺ and Cl^- were restricted to older leaves in cv. Aiwu. Relative growth rates of calli and roots or shoots from both cultivars were not linked to peroxidase activities....

Effects of mercury and cadmium on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the seedlings ofPhaseolus aureus

B. P. Shaw

Biologia plantarum 37:587, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908843

Phaseolus aureus Roxb. was exposed to HgCl₂ and Cd(NO₃)₂ either at the germination stage in concentration 0.5, 5 and 25 μM for 48 and 96 h, or at the seedling stage (5^th day of germination) in concentration 0.5, 5 and 20 μM for 6, 24 and 48 h. The germination and the growth of roots (germination stage treatment) were less in Hg than in Cd treatment. The seedlings (seedling stage treatment) were, however, more susceptible to Cd than Hg. Both root and leaf tissues of the plant treated at the germination stage showed enhanced lipid peroxidation and activities of the antioxidative enzymes (catalase,...

NaCl and wounding induced changes in NAD reductase in hypocotyls and root tips ofPhaseolus vulgaris L.

P. Poupard, M. C. Morere-Le Paven, D. Laval-Martin, R. Jalouzot

Biologia plantarum 37:597, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908844

The effect of 300 mM NaCl and wounding on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase, revealed by the guanosine triphosphate-dependent NAD reductase activity, was studied in two differently resistant bean cultivars using densitometric analysis of electrophoretic gels. In the presence of NaCl the total activity of NAD reductase was increased, in hypocotyls and root tips of resistant cultivar. The contribution of each of NAD reductase isoforms to the total activity was not significantly different between cultivars. Conversely, after wounding the hypocotyl, an increase could be observed in both cultivars and differences were demonstrated in the...

Hormones-induced modifications in the response of wheat flag leaf to NaCl

H. S. Aldesuquy

Biologia plantarum 37:605, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908845

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of presoaking the wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) in 33 or 66 mM NaCl and indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA at 50 g m^-3), gibberellic acid (GA₃ at 100 g m^-3) or kinetin (100 g m^-3) on some tolerance criteria in wheat flag leaf at different stages of development. At various stages of flag leaf development pretreatment with 33 or 66 mM NaCl decreased degree of succulence (particularly 66 mM), relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, relative water content, K⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and at the same time induced...

Effect of water stress on functioning and structure ofCicer arietinum L. nodules

K. Swaraj, A. S. Nandwal, S. Babber, S. Ahlawat, H. S. Nainawati

Biologia plantarum 37:613, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908847

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. 235) plants were grown in sand culture at moisture equal to 45-50% of sand saturation capacity under greenhouse conditions. 60 d after sowing, pots were divided into four lots, leaving one as control and sand moisture content of others was brought to 25-30% (S₁), 12-15% (S₂) and 5-6% (S₃) of sand saturation capacity, by withholding the water supply and then maintaining the required levels gravimetrically till the harvest. Relative water content of leaves and nodule water content were measured as indices of water stress. With increase in the severity and duration of water stress...

Involvement of phenolic acids in disease resistance of potato tubers from CEPA-treated plants

M. Cvikrová, J. Eder, L. S. Sukhova, N. P. Korableva

Biologia plantarum 37:621, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908848

Treatment of vegetative parts of potato plants two weeks before the harvest with 0.2% 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) delayed the sprouting of tubers and increased the resistance of tubers to infections caused byPhytophthora infestans, Erwinia carotovora andFusarium spp. during the storage period. Levels of free, soluble ester- and glycoside-bound phenolic acids and cell wall-bound phenolics were determined in cortical parenchyma of tubers (periderm). The enhancement of phenolic acids in tubers from treated plants was caused primarily by the increase in the contents of free vanillic, caffeic andp-hydroxybenzoic acids and cell...

Jennings, D.H.:The physiology of fungal nutrition

J. Černohorská

Biologia plantarum 37:490, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908824

IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Volume 62. Wood dust and formaldehyde

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 37:500, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908826

Kjellsson, G., Simonsen, V.:Methods for risks assessment of transgenic plants. I. Competition, establishment and ecosystem effects

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 37:514, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908829

Genetická diversita šlechtění a semenářství. [Genetic Diversity,Plant Breeding and Seed Technology.]

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 37:522, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908831

Hejný, S., Slavík, B. (ed.): Květena České Republiky [Flora of the Czech Republic]. Vol. 3

V. Zelený

Biologia plantarum 37:532, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908833

Meyerowitz E.M., C.R. Somerville (ed.): Arabidopsis

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 37:540, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908835

Schulze, E.-D., Caldwell, M.M. (ed.):Ecophysiology of photosynthesis

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 37:560, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908838

Pospíšil, F., Hrachová, B.: Užitkové rostliny jižních zemí. [Useful plants of southern countries.]

J. Zichová

Biologia plantarum 37:576, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908841

Wilkinson, R.E. (ed.):Plant-environment interactions (books in soils, plants, and the environment)

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 37:612, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908846

Spectroscopic study of phycocyanobilin from the cyanobacteriumSpirulina platensis

A. M. Abo-Shady

Biologia plantarum 37:631-633, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908849

Spectroscopic characterization of phycobiliprotein (PBP) isolated fromSpirulina platensis indicated that it had a molecular formula of C₃₃H₄₀N₄O₆ with molecular ion peak at m/e 586. The PBP was rich in aliphatic and acidic amino acid residues. The specific ultra-violet absorbance, infrared transmittance, specific absorbance coefficient, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral analysis revealed thatS. platensis PBP was composed mainly of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.

Application of gibberellin toPogostemon cablin plants: growth, photosynthetic pigment content and oil yield

M. Misra

Biologia plantarum 37:635, 1995 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02908850

Foliar application of gibberellin (GA₃) to patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) increased the plant height, number of nodes per plant, leaf fresh mass and photosynthetic pigment contents. The content of chlorophyll (Chl)b increased faster than that of carotenoids (Car), Chl (a+b) and Chla. This was reflected in a decline in Chla/b and Chl (a+b)/Car ratios. There was a GA₃ concentration dependent variation in the number of branches, leaves, total leaf area, and leaf area index. These growth parameters decreased over control values up to 250 g(GA₃) m^-3 and increased...