The effect of surface-active agents on the quantum requirement of photosynthesis determined by the thermodynamic method

V. P. Batyuk

Biologia plantarum 15:161-165, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922388

The application of surface-active agents (SAA) - acrylate latexes (PVAE), synthetic fatty acids (SFA) and fatty alcohols (SFS), urea-formaldehyde resins (UF) and silicones (HS) - on leaves or into soil, induced an increase in photosynthetic rate, in the ratio of rates of photosynthesis and transpiration and in yields, with a simultaneous decrease in respiration rate. Energy dissipation into heat was minimal in treated plants.

The mechanical transmission of euonymus mosaic virus, maple leaf perforation by leaf extract or leaf nucleic acid to herbaceous plants

Valéria Šubíková

Biologia plantarum 15:166-170, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922389

Conditions for the mechanical transmission of some woody viruses to herbaceous hosts were studied. Viruses from naturally-infected spindle tree (Euonymus europaea) and maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) leaves were mechanically transmitted by the homogenate prepared by using charcoal and celite to beans (Phaseolus vulqaris cv. Kocovska and Perlicka). The transmission of Euonymus mosaic virus and maple leaf perforation by nucleic acids prepared from naturally infected woody plants was also successful.

A new method of sap flow rate determination in trees

J. Čermák, M. Deml, M. Penka

Biologia plantarum 15:171-178, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922390

A new method of sap flow rate determination in stems of adult trees is described in which mass flow (the transpiration flux in the present case) is estimated from a heat-transfer measurement. The device used includes a couple of thermometers in a differential connection and plate electrodes, through which a controlled heat input flows into a denned studied segment of the xylem. The present method was tested first with a laboratory simulating system, then with the stem of a living adult treePrunus avium L. The data are registered continually and automatically; continuous measurement of sap flow rate of long duration with a greater number of trees...

Effect of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane upon the growth of tissue cultures ofNicotiana tabacum L.

Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 15:179-188, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922391

N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane at concentrations of 0.1 mM to 1 mM inhibited the growth of tissue cultures ofNicotiana tabacum L. The inhibitory effect was proportional to the mutagen concentration applied. The primary expiants (pith slices) and a 3-year tissue culture strain exhibited a different sensitivity to the same mutagen concentrations. The variability in sensitivity of tissue culture inocula to mutagen effects was reduced by previous fractionation of the culture and by standardization of the age and size of inocula. The changes investigated in the ratio of relative growth rates between the controls and treated...

Morphological observations on she conditions of resumption of activity of Carex pachystylis J. GAY after drought period

C. Hitbac, P. Chottard

Biologia plantarum 15:189-193, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922392

Garex packystylis, native of Israël, has been compared in arid zones of Israël and in France under phytotronie conditions. Especially its drought resistance has been studied. Once root formation has stopped through drought action, the shoot apices situated on the rhizomes which are well protected by layers of dry scales, become active and form leaves above the ground when the plants are once again in favorable growth conditions. There is also reumption of the basal growth of leaves incompletely dessicated from the top.

Plant nitrogen metabolism and calcium or potassium Deficiency

Svatava Fialová, I. Pichl

Biologia plantarum 15:194-201, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922393

The content and distribution of nitrogen substances in wheat, pumpkin and pea seedlings in complete (NS) or deficient ( - Ca²⁺ or - K⁺) nutrient solutions were studied with the aim of establishing whether impairments in the synthesis of nitrogen substances in vegetative tissues due to the deficiencies may be compensated for by storage nitrogenous substances. Pumpkin and pea seedlings were found to accumulate nitrogen mainly from depots of the seed stores. Both the accumulation and the synthesis of nitrogen substances were inhibited by the cation deficiencies, especially by that of calcium. Concomitant morphological deformations...

Photosynthesis and distribution of photosynthates in apple shoots treated by pinching and bark ringing

A. Mika, R. Antoszewski

Biologia plantarum 15:202-207, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922394

Individual leaves on apple shoots treated by pinching and/or ringing were supplied with¹⁴CC₂ and the rate of photosynthesis and the pattern of photosynthate distribution was studied. The ringing of the shoots as well as the ringing and pinching done together reduces the rate of photosynthesis almost by half. Pinching itself had no effect on the rate of photosynthesis. Removing the main sink - the growing shoot apex - by pinching leads to the accumulation of photosynthates in the shoot, mainly in the first internode below the pinching point. Accumulated assimilates were soon used up by the axillary meristems which were stimulated...

Effect of acute gamma irradiation on initiation and maturation of vascular tissues in stems of capsicum annuum L.

J. Iqbal

Biologia plantarum 15:208-216, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922395

The effect of acute gamma rays (⁶⁰Co; 1 to 10 kR) on the vascular differentiation in stems of seedlings of Capsicum annuum L. long fruited cultivar at 8-loaf stage of development. Prooambium, phloem and xylem of irradiated seedlings showed an early initiation and maturation in terms of distance from the tip. Magnitude of these differences increased with the increasing exposures and time following irradiation. In irradiated seedlings there is a ohange in the developmental sequence of metaphloem and metaxylem when they first appear (in terms of number of leaf primordia). There is also a general increase in the number of procambial cells, sieve...

Effect of gibberellin on the production of ethylene and on respiration rate in yellow transparent apples

J. Becka

Biologia plantarum 15:217-222, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922396

The dependence of ethylene production and respiration rate on the concentration of gibberellin (GA) applied in water emulsion of lanoline to young fruits was studied in Yellow transparent apples. Ethylene production and respiration rate were slightly increased by GA treatment. The increased level was maintained throughout the entire ripening period, which was also apparent from the total amount of both released gases. A gas-chromatographic method, using a flame ionization detector for simultaneous determination of ethylene and CO₂ in the atmosphere of experimental biological containers, is described in this paper. CO₂ is hydrogenated...

Effects of ccc and b-995 on growth and pigmentation of tobacco tissue in a suspension culture

J. Hradilík, K. Z. Gamburg, G. D. Nazareva

Biologia plantarum 15:223-228, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922397

The growth of tobacco tissue on the medium with α-naphtylacetic acid (NAA) is accomplished as an increase in cell number and on medium without NAA as an increase in cell size. CCC and B-995 at concentrations from 50 to 500 mg 1^-1 inhibited tissue growth on both media. Growth inhibition on NAA-medium was caused by the suppression of cell multiplication and it was accompanied by a 2.5-fold increase in the cell size at the 250 mg 1^-1 concentration of retardants. Growth inhibition on the medium without NAA resulted from the suppression of cell enlargement and, to a lesser extent, from the suppression of remained cell divisions....

Book review

Jan Krekule, Jan Krekule

Biologia plantarum 15:240, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922401

Distribution of copper and iron in heterotrophic phase of development and growth of vicia faba L.

I. Pichl

Biologia plantarum 15:229-232, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922398

Distribution of Cu and Fe from the cotyledons to the root and the epicotyl of Vicia faba L. was studied during the heterotrophic phase of development and growth in dark. During this phase there was no significant difference in the distribution of the quantity of Cu in the root and in the epicotyl. When the plants had changed to the autotrophic phase, the distribution of Fe was significantly higher in the epicotyl than in the root.
In roots both Cu and Fe were localized in the zone of root differentiation. The quantities of these elements in meristematic and elongation zones were about 15% and 25%, respectively. In regions of cell division and cell...

Effect of different leaf age on the relationship between the CO₂ uptake and water vapour efflux in tobacco plants

J. Václavík

Biologia plantarum 15:233-236, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922399

CO₂ absorption (PAT) and transpiration (E) rates, and leaf diffusion resistance (r_i) were individually studied in all leaves of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) before flowering. Differences between old, middle age and young leaves were in all characteristics studied and found statistically significant. In all three leaf age groups E was closely correlated to r_i. No similar correlation was discovered between P_N and r_i. The highest ratiosP _N /E in young and middle age leaves indicate that the increase of the internal resistance to photosynthesis with...

Changes in minimal diffusive resistances of leaf epidermes during ageing of primary leaves of phaseolus vulgaris L.

Jarmila SolÁrovÁ

Biologia plantarum 15:237-240, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922400

Minimal diffusive resistances of both leaf epidermes increased during normal and retarded ageing (moving secondary leaves aside, plant decapitation). The retarded ageing of primary leaves slowed down increase in epidermal resistance (r_ep), and was also reflected in the prolongation of their growth, increase of leaf area, size of epidermal and guard cells and stomatal pores. Decrease of stomata density was to some extent balanced by an increase in the pore size; the later rapid rise in diffusion resistance was induced by the loss of stomata ability to open fully.