The electronmicroscopical study of the division of highly vacuolised grapevine callus cells

J. Jásik, J. Hudák

Biologia plantarum 31:321-326, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876345

The ultrastructural aspects of the cell division in the grapevine(Vitis riparia × V.labrusca) calli were studied. A large central vacuole plays a noticeable part in this process. Before its division the nucleus with some encircling cytosol moves into the central vacuole where the small, round-shaped portion of cytosol (phragmosome) originates. In this central mass of cytosol connected with the peripheral one by thin cytosolic strands karyokinesis is carried out and the cell plate formation starts. Before karyokinesis the phragmosome, however, does not exhibit the form of the cytosolic layer completely traversing the cell. No preprophase...

The comparison between membrane and transorgan electric potentials inChenopodium rubrum: The methods

L. Adamec

Biologia plantarum 31:327-335, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876346

A new method of simultaneous measurement of membrane (E_m) and transorgan (E_tr)electric potential in intactChenopodium rubrum plants and changes in E_m and E_tr under various experimental conditions are described. E_m was measured in mesophyll leaf cells, and E_tr in the same plant as a potential difference between a first pair leaf, tip and roots. The two potentials differed distinctly, E_m averaging-156mV and E_tr -5mV. But the,-changes in E_m and E_tr had approximately the same magnitude and time-course after changing light and darkness or...

Changes in membrane potential inChenopodium rubrum during the course of photoperiodic flower induction

L. Adamec, J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 31:336-343, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876347

Electrophysiological processes were investigated in the reception organ of photoperiodism, cotyledons and first leaves, in a model short-day plantChenopodium rubrum L. (selection 374) within the dark inductive cycle for flowering. Membrane potential (E_m) was measured in cotyledon and first leaf mesophyll of intact plants. The E_m time-course was fairly similar during inductive dark or postinductive light period or in non-inductive continuous light and had a character of irregular oscillations. The most distinct oscillations were found during the postinductive light period. Changes in light régime at the beginning (light...

Book review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 31:343, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876348

Changes in transorgan electric potential inChenopodium rubrum during the course of photoperiodic flower induction

L. Adamec, J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 31:344-353, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876349

Electrophysiological processes were investigated in reception organs of photoperiodism in a model short-day plant,Chenopodium rubrum L. (selection 374), within the inductive cycle for flowering. Transorgan (surface) electric potential (E_tr) was measured as a potential difference between the first leaf surface and the roots of an intact plant, and between the surface of an excised leaf and the petiole base. The time-course of E_tr in intact plants showed irregular, or partially regular, oscillations within both phases of the inductive cycle and under continuous light. The highest amplitudes were during the postinductive light...

Book review

JArmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 31:353, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876350

Effects of phytohormones on some drought stressed crop plants: Plant-Water relations and mineral composition

M. A. Shaddad, A. F. Radi, A. M. Ahmed, M. A. El-Tayeb

Biologia plantarum 31:354-362, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876351

The interactive effects of certain phytohormones (GA₃, IAA or kinetin) and drought on plant-water relations and mineral accumulation of the three crop plants; maize, cowpea and broad bean, were studied. Phytohormone applications were capable of counteracting to some extent, the adverse effects of drought on transpiration, stomatal frequency, and leaf area.

Book review

Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 31:362, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876352

Studies with phorate, an organophosphate insecticide, on some enzymes of nitrogen metabolism inVigna mungo (L.) Hepper

S. N. Mathur, V. K. Singh, Malvika Mathur, R. C. Srivastava

Biologia plantarum 31:363-369, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876353

Effects of phorate (Thimet-10 G) on the activities of enzymes of nitrogen metabolism,viz., glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in the primary leaves, nitrogenase (N₂-ase) in detached root nodules, and protein concentration in the primary leaves ofVigna mungo (L.) Hepper have been studied. Phorate stimulated the activities of these enzymes and protein concentration in primary leaves at lower concentrations (50 to 200 mg per pot), but inhibited at higher concentrations (400 to 600 mg per pot). Although, the V_max for each enzyme with different treatments varied, the...

Book review

Ivana Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 31:369, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876354

Anatomy ofZea mays andGlycine max seedlings treated with triazole plant growth regulators

A. M. Barnes, R. H. Walser, T. D. Davis

Biologia plantarum 31:370-375, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876355

Soil drenches containing 250 μg of paclobutrazol or uniconazol (50 ml of a 17 μM solution) reduced the height of both corn (Zea mays L. cv. How.Sweet It Is) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. A2) seedlings. With corn, uniconazol was considerably more active than paclobutrazol in reducing height whereas with soybean both compounds had similar dwarfing effects. The compounds increased foliar chlorophyll content and leaf thickness in soybean but had no effect on these parameters in corn. The increase in leaf thickness with soybean was due primarily to an increase in the thickness of the palisade cell layer. Chloroplast size and ultrastructure...

Localization of axillary meristems of short day plantChenopodium rubrum L.

Zofia Michno-Zatorska, Jana Opatrná, J. Krekule, M. Michniewicz, Teresa Szcesniak

Biologia plantarum 31:376-380, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876356

Axillary meristems of short day plantChenopodium rubrum are localized as caulinar, foliar or axillar. The localization of axillary meristems and axillary buds of 14 day old plants varied in similar pattern as in other plant species so far investigated: after several nodes with foliar axillary meristems the caulinar ones were produced. However, unlike in other species, in C.rubrum a very high percentage of caulinar meristem is produced also on the first node. In this case, like in the case of its later differentiation at higher nodes, the formation of caulinar meristem is confined also to the vegetative state. It was found that the caulinary...

Book review

Ingrid Tichá

Biologia plantarum 31:380, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876357

Light conditions of photoperiodic induction of flowering inChenopodium murale L. ecotype 197 - Early flowering long-day plant

LibuŠe Pavlová, J. Ullmann, Dagmar Součková

Biologia plantarum 31:381-385, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876358

A method of cultivation and effectiveness of different light sources and light regimes in photoperiodic induction of flowering in non-rosette long-day plantChenopodium murale L. ecotype 197 are described. Under the described conditions of cultivation 5 days, of continuous light produced by incandescent bulbs (TESLA 74 3x40 W, red 4.9 μWcm-²nn-¹, far-red 7.4 μWcn-2nm-¹, blue 0.25 μW cm-²nn-¹) induced flowering in the majority of plants.

The transition to reproductive phase inchenopodium murale L. ecotype 197 - Early flowering long-day plant

Libuše Pavlová, Dagmar Součková, J. Ullmann, J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 31:386-391, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876359

Five days of suitable continuous light induced flowering in the majority ofChenopodium murale L. ecotype 197 plants as early as at the phase of the first pair of leaves. At the time of initiation of the 2nd to 4th pairs of leaves the capacity of plants to flower was reduced, the number of flowering plants being significantly lower under the same inductive light treatment. The capacity to flower increased again at the phase of the 5th and the 6th pairs of leaves. Inductive light treatment brought about a marked growth activation of organs present before induction, shoot apex elongation, precocious formation of new leaves and activation of axillary...

Book review

Jarmila SolÁrovÁ

Biologia plantarum 31:391, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876360

The effect of humic acids, fractionated according to molecular mass, on the formation and mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea

T. Gichner, S. A. Badaev, F. Pospíšil, J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 31:392-399, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876361

Fractions of humic acids (HA-K⁺) of molecular mass between 500 and 300 000 and exceeding 300 000 showed a very high nitrite depleting ability, whereas the fraction of HA-K⁺ with molecular mass lower than 500 had little or no such effect. Autoclaving HA-K⁺ (121 °C, 20 min) decreased the nitrite-depleting ability to about a half. This observation correlates with the results of mutagenic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating the inhibitory effect of HA-K⁺ and its fractions on the formation of mutagenic N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) from the nitrosation mixture of N-methylurea and nitrite. Nonfractionated...

Book review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 31:399, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876362

Micropropagation ofLarix decidua Mill. andpinus sylvestris L.

V. Chalupa

Biologia plantarum 31:400-407, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876363

Shoot multiplication of Larixdecidua was achieved using axillary and adventitious buds. The formation of axillary buds was stimulated on shoot tips soaked in a cytokinin solution (BAP 10-50 mg 1^-1 for 2-4 h. Adventitious buds were induced on cotyledons, needles and vegetative buds cultured on WPM or QL medium supplemented with cytokinin (BAP 1-3 mg 1^-1). The shoot formation from induced axillary and adventitious buds was promoted on WPM or QL medium containing a low concentration of auxin (IBA 0.1 mg 1^-1). Shoot multiplication of Pinussylvestris was stimulated on WPM, MS, and QL media supplemented with...

Book review

Ingrtd Tichá

Biologia plantarum 31:407, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876364

Book reviews

J. Čermák, J. Velemínský, Ingrid Tichá

Biologia plantarum 31:415-416, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876367

The effect of cadmium on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) shoot culture growth

Eva Domažlická, Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 31:408-412, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876365

The uptake of cadmium and its effect on the growth of potato shoot tips grownin vitro were followed in dependence on cadmium concentration in nutrient medium.
Concentration of 10^-6M Cd²⁺did not substantially affect potato plantlet growth dynamics; but the concentration of 10^-3 M Cd²⁺ showed a strong growth inhibitory effect accompanied with increased cadmium accumulation in both root and shoot tissues.

Photosynthesis and photorespiration in two cultivars of cotton under salt stress

H. H. Mert

Biologia plantarum 31:413-414, 1989 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02876366

Different NaCl concentrations in a nutrient medium ofGossypium hirsutum L. induced a different decrease in the rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration in two cultivars.