Editorial

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:1 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925782

Book Reviews

J. Pospíšilová, T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:30 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925786

Book Reviews

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:62 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925791

Book Review

J. SoláRová

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:84 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925795

Book Review

T. Gichner, J. Solárová

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:92 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925797

Book Review

J. Gloser, I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:108 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925800

Book Review

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:114 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925802

Book Review

E. Baroja

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:120 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925804

Book Reviews

L. Nátr

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:142 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925808

Effect of essential oils from some higher plants against fungi causing damping-off disease

V. N. Pandey, N. K. Dubey

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:143-147 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925809

A screening of leaves of 25 taxa of angiosperms was made for their volatile toxicity against damping-off fungi. The volatile substances fromHyptis suaveolens andOcimum canum were toxic againstPythium aphanidermatum, P. debaryanum andRhizoctonia solani. The fungitoxicity of the leaves persisted for 15 d of storage. The volatile substances from the leaves ofO. canum were thermostable, while those fromH. suaveolens were thermolabile. The essential oils exhibited strong potency against the pathogens tested, non-phytotoxic nature to the host plants and superiority over commonly used synthetic fungicidesAgrosan...

Book Reviews

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:148 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925810

Book reviews

M. Barták, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:158 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925813

Book Reviews

J. Solárová, L. Šindelář, R. Vaňková, L. Meravý, I. Tichá, P. Šiffel, J. Savinec, V. Novák

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:167-174 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925816

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration inPisum sativum L.

J. Stejskal, M. Griga

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:15-22 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925784

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in immature zygotic embryos of pea (Pisum sativum L.), synthetic auxins α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram, PIC) being used. Only one (line HM-6) of 46 genotypes tested exhibited good potential for somatic embryogenesis. 2,4-D was found as the best somatic embryo inductor. Three different ways of somatic embryo conversion have been described. Plantlets from individual somatic embryos were micropropagated as somaclones and subsequently rooted. A sterile morphological mutant has been found within a group of fertile plants...

Induction of adventitious buds on the cotyledons ofAbies concolor x Abies grandis hybrid seedlings

B. Vooková, A. Gajdošová

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:23-29 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925785

Possibilities of adventitious buds induction on the cotyledons obtained from sterile seedlings ofAbies concolor xAbies grandis hybrid were investigated. The following variables influencing bud induction and their further development were studied: the effect of expiant age, the effect of different growth regulators and their concentrations and duration of their application. The most suitable expiants proved to be the cotyledons of 7 d old seedlings. The most efficient cytokinin was benzylaminopurine (S mg l^-1) in combination with napthaleneacetic acid (0.01 mg l^-1). The most optimal duration of treatment was 17 to...

Effect of plant extracts on development ofCapsella embryos in ovules cultured invitro

M. Monnier, A. Clippe

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:31-38 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925787

When distantly related plants are crossed, embryos abort on the mother plant. One of the methods used to rescue the embryo is to cultivate the ovulein vitro. When the ovule is precociously detached from the mother plant, survival rate of the embryo is very low. To increase the chance of survival as well as the growth of the embryo, the medium was supplemented by different extracts of plants after either autoclaving or filtering. Autoclaved tomato extract seemed to have no simulating effect in spite of reports from different authors. Filtered coconut milk increased growth and filtered cucumber extract improved survival. Other new extracts had...

Effect of amino acids on rooting of apple dwarf rootstocksin vitro

T. Orlikowska

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:39 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925788

The effect of twelve amino acids and lactalbumin hydrolysate in concentration of 200 mg 1^-1 on rooting of the dwarf apple rootstocks P 2 and P 60 was testedin vitro. Arginine, omithine, glutamic acid and glycine enhanced root number of the P 60 rootstock; proline and lactalbumin hydrolysate were neutral; and asparagine, tyrosine, methionine, cysteine and glutamine lowered the root number. Tyrosine, methionine, cysteine and glutamine reduced almost completely rooting of P 60. In the recalcitrant P 2 rootstock aspartic acid, glutamic acid and omithine significantly enhanced the number of roots and rooted shoots, arginine and tryptophan...

Effects of mineral composition and acidity of media, saccharose level, brand and quantity of agar on rooting of fruit rootstocksin vitro

T. Orlikowska

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:45-52 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925789

The influence of the mineral composition and acidity of media, saccharose level, brand and quantity of agar onin vitro shoot rooting of P 60 and P 2 apple and quince S 1 root-stocks were compared. Among the tested salt compositions (full WMP and 1/2 WMP, full MS and 1/2 MS) the most suitable for rooting was composition of WMP. Further modifications in quantity of nitrogen, H₃BO₃ CaCl₂ and MgSO₄ of WMP medium did not have a positive effect on rooting. 30 g l^-1 saccharose gave better results than 20 g l^-1. Acidity of WMP medium tested in a pH range of 4.0 to 6.5 did not affect rooting...

Segregation in the progeny of transformed rapeseed (Brassica napus)

J. Dusbábková, J. Nečásek, M. Hrouda, J. Doležel, M. Hart

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:53-61 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925790

The primary transformant of spring rapeseed cv. HM-81 contained TL- and TR-DNA of agropine plasmid pRi ofAgrobacterium rhizogenes 15834. The presence of TL-DNA corresponds to visible transformed phenotype in its progeny; the leaves are wrinkled and the plants are shorter than normal plants. R₁ R₂ and R₃ generations have mostly transformed phenotype. The normal phenotype appears in a low frequency in F₁ generation. Autogamised F₁ plants segregate in F₂ transformed and normal phenotype in 3:1 ratio. It is possible to suppose that TL-DNA is present in two differentloci of...

Hormonal regulation of flowering and fruit development: Effect of gibberellic acid and ethrel on fruit setting and development ofMomordica charantia L.

S. Banerjee, P. S. Basu

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:63 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925792

Fruit setting and development in a monoecious cucurbit,Momordica charantia L. could be regulated by the external application of gibberellin (GA₃) and ethrel. Both GA₃ and ethrel in lower concentrations promoted female flower production as well as fruit setting and development. Both growth regulators improved the quality of theMomordica fruit by increasing length, breath and biomass of the fruits as well as by increasing the content of total sugar of the fruit.

The effect of methyl jasmonate on free fatty acids content in ripening tomato fruits

J. Czapski, M. Horbowicz, M. Saniewski

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:71 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925793

The effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me), applied to mature green tomato fruits cv. Modena, on the content of some fatty acids in ripe fruits was studied. Methyl jasmonate greatly increased content of linolenic acid and in the lesser degree decreased the amount of linoleic acid. The ratio of linolenic acid to linoleic acid content increased 4.5-7.7 times in methyl jasmonate treated samples in comparison to untreated-controls. JA-Me did not affect the contents of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic and oleic acids.

Comparative study of nitrogen and oxygen metabolism enzymes in Yugoslav cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

D. Štajner, M. Popovič, O. Gašič, B. Mišković

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:77-83 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925794

Four Yugoslav cultivars of alfalfa were investigated in order to determine nitrogen fixing (nitrogenase), nitrogen assimilation (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase) and antioxidant (Superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) enzymes activities. The level of lipid peroxidation and protein content were also investigated. On the basis of the results obtained a resistant cultivar with high nitrogen fixing and a cultivar with high nitrogen assimilation abilities were chosen. The cultivar with high nitrogen fixing ability had high activities of nitrogenase, Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and also a low level...

Effect of kinetin on water relations, photosynthesis, respiration and chlorophyll and nucleic acid contents of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under salinity

R. Taneja, S. K. Varma, J. Dayal, K. S. Datta

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:85-91 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925796

The effect of kinetin (10 g m^-3) presowing seed soaking treatment on water relations, chlorophyll (Chl) and nucleic acid contents, and photosynthetic and respiration rates in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a greenhouse under three salinity levels (i.e. 0,6 and 9 dS m^-1 ECe) was studied. Relative water content and osmotic potential showed a progressive decline with increase in the salinity but there was an increase in chlorophyll (a+b) content in the leaves. Salinity decreased RNA content and net photosynthetic and respiration rates. Seed soaking either in water or kinetin enhanced the relative water...

The temperature gradient as the driving force of water and solutions flow in the root

J. Michalov

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:93 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925798

The examination of thermoosmosis in the maize primary root tissue has shown that under the rising temperature gradient (gradT) all flows are declining, which continue also under the gradT levelling between compartments. The permeability coefficients are declining similarly as flows. The reflection coefficient during the rising gradT declines, but it rises during the gradT levelling between compartments. These phenomena depend on the plant age and concentration of the bathing solution.

Comparison of diurnal changes in nitrate and potassium contents in lucerne shoots

F. Plhák

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:101 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925799

During 195-min light exposure following 5 d in dark, nitrate content was studied in different organs of lucerne plants in early bud stage. Nitrate content varied considerably especially in stems. Rapid diurnal variations in nitrate content were found in lower and upper halves of stems, in petioles and in leaf blades. The results reflected discontinuous nitrate movement in lucerne shoots. The positive correlation between the diurnal course of the nitrate and potassium contents in different plant organs showed that the K⁺ transport followed the NO₃ ^- transport. Similar diurnal changes were found also in Na⁺...

Nitrate movement in xylem of lucerne plants

F. Plhák

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:109 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925801

Nitrate content in lucerne stems and leaf blades immersed by cut ends in distilled water or in KNO₃ solution increased with the increase in KNO₃ concentration and with the duration of exposure under irradiance of 100 or 230 W m^-2 PAR. The nitrate content increased from basal stem parts to apical stem parts and leaves. Nitrate was transported mainly with transpiration stream. Some flow variations occurred in stems causing time changes in nitrate content in different parts of stems.

Distribution of stomata on the second leaf ofZea mays following root hypoxia

O. Votrubová, J. Kadeřábek, J. Albrechtová

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:115-119 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925803

The changes in leaf dimensions, transverse and longitudinal gradients in stomatal density and the total number of stomata under the influence of root hypoxia were followed. In spite of considerably reduced leaf area following hypoxia the total number of stomata per leaf was not changed significantly. The resulting increase in stomatal density was not uniform being the most prominent in the basal part of the leaf where the distances between stomata and between rows of stomata became shorter.

Effect of external calcium on the control of stamen movement inBerberis vulgaris L.

Z. Lechowski, J. Białczyk

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:121 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925805

The mechanical stimulation of the sensitive internal lower part of Berberis vulgaris stamen resulted in its rapid bending. In the present study we have examined the influence of external Ca²⁺ concentration on stamen movement. The external Ca²⁺ reduced the extent of the response and the effect was dependent on Ca²⁺ concentration and duration of the treatment. Addition of calcium ionophore A 23187 to the medium reduced the response and the effect was dependent on the external Ca²⁺ concetration. This result might suggest an increase in Ca²⁺ level in cytosol. The inhibitory effect of higher Ca²⁺...

Plastochron index for detecting juvenility and deciding the components of maturity period in cowpea

B. M. Jamadagni, S. P. Birari

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:131 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925806

Growth of nine field grown cowpea genotypes was characterized using plastochron index. Attainment of the final plastochron index was considered as a point of completion of a vegetative phase. The population under study completed a vegetative phase within 50 d and exhibited flower initiation in 55 d. The gap between completion of the vegetative phase and flower initiation indicated the prevalence of juvenility in cowpea. The maturity period was found to be a sum of the periods for plastochron completion, lag I, pod development and lag II. Lag I and Lag-II periods existed due to variation in the relative sensitivity of successively formed leaves to the...

Karyological and cytophotometric study of expiant derived clones of non-polysomatic and polysomatic species ofKniphofia

S. Nayak, S. Sen

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:135-141 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925807

Cytological and cytophotometric analysis of root tips of regenerated plants, derived from rhizome expiant ofKniphofia nelsonii andKniphofia uvaria, revealed marked difference in behaviour of chromosomes and level of 4C nuclear DNA content. Karyotypic stability could be retained in all 52 regenerants of K. nelsonii whereas inK. uvaria out of 75 regenerants analysed, 12 plants were exclusively diploid and the rest 63 plants were predominantly diploid comprising variable amount of aneuploid and tetraploid cells. Cytological data was further confirmed by nuclear DNA content estimation. Alteration in the structure of chromosomes could...

Plant physiology, genetics, biotechnology and pathology in the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (1962-1992)

Z. Šesták, J. Krekule, J. Tupý, J. Vagera, Z. Polák

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:3-14 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925783

The main scientific results achieved in individual departments of the Institute of Experimental Botany during 30 years of its existence are briefly summarized. They include methods of studying photosynthesis, ontogenetic changes of photosynthetic characteristics, stress factors affecting photosynthetic activities, photosynthesis of transgenic plants and duringin vitro cultivation, roles of auxins and cytokinins in plant growth and development, development and testing of new plant growth regulators, models of organogenesisin vitro, metabolic and mutagenic activities of phenolic substances, hormonal regulation of flowering, activities of...

Amino acids response of glutamate dehydrogenase from light and dark treated roots and shoots of maize

R. S. Sengar, H. S. Srivastava

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:149 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925811

Thein vitro activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH), from dark-treated root segments of maize seedlings responded differently to amino acids threonine, glutamate and methionine than that from light-treated root segments, and to the amino acid methionine in dark- and light-treated shoot segments. In most cases amino acids inhibited GDH activity, the inhibition increased with amino acid concentration. However, methionine activated GDH from dark-treated roots and light-treated shoots, while aspartate had little effect on enzyme activity.

Seedling age and cytokinin effects on glutamate dehydrogenase activity and nitrogen assimilation in maize leaves

S. Garg, H. S. Srivastava

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:153 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925812

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, protein and total nitrogen contents in the secondary leaves of maize(Zea mays L. cv. Ganga Safed-2) seedlings increased during early seedling growth and then declined after reaching a peak level at either 10 d (GDH) or 12 d (metabolites). While the effect of kinetin on enzyme activity was statistically insignificant, benzyladenine supplied with nutrient solution increased GDH activity in secondary leaves of both 10-d as well as 14-d seedlings. However, both growth regulators increased the contents of total soluble proteins, total nitrogen, chlorophyll(a+b) and carotenoids in both 10 and 14-d old leaves.

Effect of nacl- salinity on metabolism of proline in salt- sensitive and salt- resistant cultivars of rice

D. Roy, A. Bhunia, N. Basu, S. K. Banerjee

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:159 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925814

The effect of NaCl at sublethal concentration was observed on germinating seeds of salt-sensitive and -resistant rice cultivars with respect to the level of proline regulatory enzymes and the growth of seedlings on different days of early germination period. The two enzymes of proline biosynthesis and catabolism, Δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and L-proline dehydrogenase, were taken into consideration to observe the effects of 100 mM NaCl on their activities in both rice cultivars. The activity of Δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase in salt-resistant cultivar was increased twice after 5 d in 100 mM NaCl. Simultaneously, the activity...

The effects of gibberellic acid on photosynthetic pigments and oxygen evolution inChlamydomonas andAnacystis

A. Kadioglu

Biologia plantarum 1992, 34:163-166 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925815

Gibberellic acid (GA₃) generally increased the contents of chlorophyll but not carotenoid in bothChlamydomonas reinhardii andAnacystis nidulans grown under continuous irradiation. The photosynthetic oxygen evolution of the algae was also affected by GA₃ except for the high (100 μM) concentration of GA₃.