Ex Vitro Phenotype Stability is Affected by In Vitro Cultivation

D. Haisel, P. Hofman, M. Vágner, H. Lipavská, I. Tichá, C. Schäfer, V. Čapková

Biologia plantarum 44:321-324, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012415004676

Plant phenotype stability during ex vitro growth, one of the main requirements of plant micropropagation, was tested on tobacco. Plants cultivated in vitro in the presence of 3 % sucrose under photon flux density (PFD) of 200 μmol m^-2 s^-1 (3 % HL plants) showed the best growth and photosynthetic parameters in the course of 7-day acclimation. However, significant change in phenotype of these plants appeared under a decrease in PFD to 50 μmol m^-2 s^-1 during further ex vitro growth (in the period of 7^th - 17^th day). Much higher internodia elongation was found...

Cytology of Potato Callus Cells in Relation to their Frost Hardiness

M.A. Anjum

Biologia plantarum 44:325-331, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012470021514

Structure of callus cells of frost-sensitive and frost-tolerant Solanum species and a frost-tolerant cell line (D20-1), selected from S. tuberosum cv. Desirée callus, was studied. Like frost-tolerant species S. commersonii, cells of the frost-tolerant cell line contained starch grains in their plastids. The cells of this frost-tolerant line also possessed an increased number of microbodies containing protein crystals which suggests the involvement of proteins in frost tolerance but the mechanism may differ from that in frost-tolerant species.

Barbour, M.G., Billings, W.D. (ed.): North American Terrestrial Vegetation

J. Jeník

Biologia plantarum 44:332, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012460608735

Shoot Regeneration from Immature Cotyledons of Cicer Arietinum

K. Srivastava, K.N. Tiwari, R. Singh, B.D. Singh, H.K. Jaiswal

Biologia plantarum 44:333-337, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012422222423

Shoot regeneration was achieved from immature cotyledons of five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes: C235, ICC4971, ICC11531, ICC12257 and ICC12873. The cotyledons cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 or 5 mg dm^-3 zeatin with or without 0.04 mg dm^-3 indole acetic acid (IAA) showed formation of cotyledon like structures (CLS) at their proximal ends. Subsequently, shoot regeneration took place in some of the CLS forming explants. CLS were also formed in cotyledons cultured on MS + 0.2 - 1 mg dm^-3 thidiazuron (TDZ); direct shoot regeneration was observed in cotyledons cultured on...

Thomas, P.: Trees: Their Natural History

J. Jeník

Biologia plantarum 44:338, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012412725574

Assessment of Age-Related Polyploidy in Quercus Robur L. Somatic Embryos and Regenerated Plants Using DNA Flow Cytometry

M. Endemann, K. Hristoforoglu, T. Stauber, E. Wilhelm

Biologia plantarum 44:339-345, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012426306493

Flow cytometric analysis with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was used to screen for chromosomal changes in Quercus robur during in vitro culture. The initiated cell lines (1992 until 1999) were maintained via secondary embryogenesis on P24 medium with 0.9 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in regular subculture intervals of 6 weeks. Regenerated plants established in the greenhouse and in vitro plantlets derived from encapsulated somatic embryos were screened. The embryogenic cell lines were characterized as individual clones by isoenzyme analysis. Flow cytometric relative DNA content analysis of the first screening period...

Campell, A., Anderson, W.W., Jones, E.W. (ed.): Annual Review of Genetics. Volume 34

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 44:346, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012464809644

Timing of Transposition of Ac Mobile Element in Potato

D. Pavingerová, J. Bříza, H. Niedermeierová

Biologia plantarum 44:347-353, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012478323331

The timing of excision of maize transposable element Ac was studied using visual histochemical assay based on Ac excision restoring activity of β-glucuronidase (GUS). The Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje was used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with pTT230 plasmid harbouring Ac-interrupted gus A gene and npt II gene as a selectable marker gene. Twenty-eight out of 72 kanamycin resistant calli did not express any GUS activity, 31 calli showed partial GUS expression and 13 out of assayed calli revealed strong expression of gus A gene. Plants were regenerated from calli without and/or...

Boland, G.J., Kuykendall, L.D. (ed.): Plant-Microbe Interaction and Biological Control

L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 44:354, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012416926482

Effects of Benzylaminopurine and Abscisic Acid on Distribution of rRNA in the Palisade Cells of Excised Cucurbita Pepo Cotyledons

E.Z. Stoynova-Bakalova, P.I. Petrov, E.N. Karanov

Biologia plantarum 44:355-360, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012430408310

rRNA was labelled with RNase-gold complexes applied to ultrathin Lowicryl sections of excised Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini) cotyledons grown in darkness. Benzylaminopurine-caused stimulation of cotyledon growth decreases the density of ribosomes in palisade cells despite stimulating rRNA synthesis. Abscisic acid inhibits RNA synthesis and transport, but does not visibly affect the number of pre-existing ribosomes in retarded growth cells. The amount of rRNA in the cells of 24 h treated cotyledons is rather consequence of the growth rate than its leading factor.

The Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors, Sugars and Fusicoccin on the Electrical Potential Difference Arising Across an Intact Chenopodium Rubrum L. Plant

B. Živanović, M. Vuletić, Z. Vučinić

Biologia plantarum 44:361-366, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012486509219

An analysis of the effect of metabolic inhibitors, sugars, and fusicoccin on the trans-plant electrical potential difference arising across one-week-old green or herbicide-treated Chenopodium rubrum L. plants was performed. The substances were applied either to the solution bathing the root or in the form of drops to the stem. The respiratory inhibitors (KCN and salicylhydroxamic acid), sulfhydryl agents (N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid) and proton ionophore (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone) affected the electrical potential, the kinetics of the induced changes varying with different inhibitors...

Influence of Temperature and Methyl Jasmonate on Scenedesmus Incrassulatus

C. Christov, I. Pouneva, M. Bozhkova, T. Toncheva, S. Fournadzieva, T. Zafirova

Biologia plantarum 44:367-371, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012490610127

The effect of the methyl ester of jasmonic acid (MeJA) in 10 μM concentration was studied on the development of the bacterial contaminants and on the content of some metabolites in Scenedesmus incrassulatus cultivated at temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, and 36 °C. The number of bacteria on algae cells increased with the rise in temperature. Application of MeJA into nutrient medium inhibited the development of bacterial pathogens more than 3 times at 20 °C, 2.3 times at 30 °C, and 2.6 times at 36 °C without changing the species composition. MeJA caused an increase of the protein content in algae cells. The contents of palmitic and linoleic acids...

Pinton, R., Varanini, Z., Nannipieri, P. (ed.): The Rhizosphere. Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface

V. Čatská

Biologia plantarum 44:372, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012468910553

Responses of Penultimate and Flag Leaves of Wheat to Different Nitrogen Supply

V. Jain, S.K. Guru, Y.P. Abrol

Biologia plantarum 44:373-378, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012494726966

Uniculm wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown to maturity at four concentrations of nitrogen corresponding to 3 (N1), 6 (N2), 9 (N3) and 12 (N4) g m^-2. Penultimate and flag leaves were examined throughout the ontogeny. Sub-optimal concentrations of N resulted in sharp decline in both area and dry mass of the leaves. Decline in leaf area was due to fewer mesophyll cells. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) increased up to full expansion, remained constant for about a week and then declined. P_N, nitrogen, ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) amount and activity, chlorophyll and soluble protein contents...

Mulberry Leaf Metabolism under High Temperature Stress

K.V. Chaitanya, D. Sundar, A. Ramachandra Reddy

Biologia plantarum 44:379-384, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012446811036

Effects of high temperature on the activity of photosynthetic enzymes and leaf proteins were studied in mulberry (Morus alba L. cv. BC2-59). A series of experiments were conducted at regular intervals (120, 240 and 360 min) to characterize changes in activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), photosystem 2 (PS 2) activity, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car), starch, sucrose (Suc), amino acid, free proline, protein and nucleic acid contents in leaves under high temperature (40 °C) treatments. High temperature markedly reduced the activities of RuBPC and SPS in leaf extracts. Chl content...

Decreased Ultraviolet-B Radiation Alters the Vertical Biomass Distribution in Cocksfoot

E. Cayenberghs, G. Deckmyn, R. Ceulemans

Biologia plantarum 44:385-389, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012498811945

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate whether small differences in UV-B irradiance would lead to changes in competition between cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Athos) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Mervi). Plants were grown in greenhouses covered with different thicknesses of UV-transmittant plexi (3 and 5 mm) resulting in 82 % and 88 % of ambient UV-B radiation. Aboveground biomass was harvested at 4-week intervals and the vertical distribution of biomass, leaf thickness and specific leaf area were determined. Tillering, stubble and root biomass and crop height were also measured. There was only one significant...

Brown, T.A.: Genomes

I. Babůrek

Biologia plantarum 44:390, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012421027391

Establishment of Salt Stress Tolerant Rice Plants Through Step Up NaCl Treatment In Vitro

Y. Miki, M. Hashiba, S. Hisajima

Biologia plantarum 44:391-395, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012403128783

Establishment of salt tolerant rice plants was examined by single step or step up NaCl treatments of shoot bud clumps in vitro, and variation among in vitro salt tolerant plants were examined by rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Shoot bud clumps were necrotic, stubbed or dead when subjected to single step treatment with 1.5 or 2.0 % NaCl. Conversely all the clumps could grow vigorously when subjected to step up salt treatment with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % NaCl at 3 week intervals and 2 % NaCl tolerant plants were established. RAPD revealed shoot bud clumps with and without different NaCl treatments, seedlings from field and grown...

Jones, R.L., Bohnert, H.J., Walbot, V. (ed.): Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular, Biology. Vol. 50, 1999

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 44:396, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012473011461

Effects of Water Deficit during Germination of Wheat Seeds

A. Miazek, J. Bogdan, B. Zagdańska

Biologia plantarum 44:397-403, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012455112853

Germinating seeds of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were tolerant to dehydration up to the 4^th day following imbibition and from the 5^th day the seedling survival decreased. Dehydration also inhibited the rate of seed dry mass depletion and seedling dry matter accumulation and increased the content of soluble sugars both in grain and seedlings. Glucose supplied either to dry seeds or to 4-d-old seedlings increased survival of dehydrated seedlings. In contrast, exogenously supplied non-readily metabolizable sorbose and mannose suppressed seedling survival.

Tepfer, M., Balázs, E. (ed.): Virus-Resistant Transgenic Plants: Potential Ecological Impact

L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 44:404, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012425112370

Different Effect of Humidity on Growth and Salt Tolerance of Two Soybean Cultivars

P. An, S. Inanaga, U. Kafkafi, A. Lux, Y. Sugimoto

Biologia plantarum 44:405-410, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012407213762

Two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, Tachiyutaka and Dare, were grown in pots at 30 and 70 % relative humidity (RH) and treated with 0 (control), 40 (moderate), 80 and 120 (severe) mM NaCl for 3 weeks. Increasing RH enhanced growth of salt sensitive cultivar, Tachiyutaka, but had no effect on salt tolerant cultivar, Dare, under control and moderate saline conditions. Both cultivars benefited from elevated humidity under severe saline conditions. Cultivar Tachiyutaka had poorer ability for controlling translocation of Na⁺ to the leaves, lower Na⁺ exclusion ability in the roots, and lower root activity under NaCl...

Physiological Responses of Chrysanthemum Petals during Senescence

R. Elanchezhian, G.C. Srivastava

Biologia plantarum 44:411-415, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012411330600

Flower senescence was studied in three cultivars of Chrysanthemum coronarium L.: Snowball White, Yellow Chandrama (standard type flowers) and Spray Button (spray type flowers). Spray button flowers exhibited least respiration rate, less efflux of ions, minimum protease activity and less decline in fresh mass, relative water content and total soluble protein content with the progression of senescence. The Snowball White flowers showed highest respiration rate, great efflux of ions, maximum protease activity, high activity of hydrolytic as well as proteolytic enzymes, and high decline in fresh mass, relative water content, and total soluble protein...

An Antifungal Protein Purified from Pearl Millet Seeds Shows Sequence Homology to Lipid Transfer Proteins

R. Velazhahan, R. Radhajeyalakshmi, R. Thangavelu, S. Muthukrishnan

Biologia plantarum 44:417-421, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012463315579

In the course of a search for antifungal proteins from plant seeds, we observed inhibition of mycelial growth of Trichoderma viride with extracts of pearl millet. We have identified several proteins with antifungal properties in the seeds of pearl millet. One of these proteins has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. The purified protein has a molecular mass of 25 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the protein (25 residues) shows homology to non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) of cotton, wheat and barley. The purified LTP inhibited mycelial growth of T. viride and the rice sheath blight fungus, Rhizoctonia solani in...

Chlorophyll Content in Some Cultivated and Wild Species of the Family Lamiaceae

M. Castrillo, D. Vizcaino, E. Moreno, Z. Latorraca

Biologia plantarum 44:423-425, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012419532417

Chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and (a+b) contents were measured in eleven cultivated and wild species of Lamiaceae collected from different environments. In nine of these eleven species, belonging to the subfamily Nepetoidea, the Chl a/b ratio was low. This suggests a prevailing shade aspect, regardless of collection sites and cultivated or wild origin.

Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Content and Activity in Wheat, Rye and Triticale

B. Singh, B.K. Singh

Biologia plantarum 44:427-430, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012471516488

Photosynthetic parameters were measured in triticale and its parents wheat and rye. Soluble protein content in leaves, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content per fresh mass, total chlorophyll content, biomass yield, leaf area, leaf mass and specific leaf mass were higher but Rubisco content expressed as percentage of soluble protein, carboxylase activity, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were significantly lower in rye than in wheat. Native-PAGE of Rubisco revealed that rye carboxylase was different from that of wheat. The difference was not related to either the small or large subunit of Rubisco but, may be,...

Factors Affecting In Vitro Multiplication of Date Palm

H.S. Taha, S.A. Bekheet, M.M. Saker

Biologia plantarum 44:431-433, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012423601467

Rapid method of in vitro multiplication of date palm was developed. Shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg dm^-3 dimethylaminopurine (2iP) + 1 mg dm^-3 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot buds were proliferated from white nodular cultures on hormone free medium. Shoot bud proliferation strongly enhanced when cultured on MS-medium contained 3 mg dm^-3 2iP + 0.5 mg dm^-3 NAA. Culturing on full-strength MS medium showed higher multiplication rate compared with half-strength MS medium. Among four concentrations of sucrose used, 30 g dm^-3 speeded up the...

Hydraulic Properties of a Mangrove Avicennia Germinans as Affected by NaCl

M.A. Sobrado

Biologia plantarum 44:435-438, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012479718305

Water transport was assessed in seedlings of the mangrove Avicennia germinans L. grown at 171 and 684 mol m^-3 NaCl. Leaf specific conductivity declined by 25 % at high salinity. This was related to low specific conductivity, because Huber values remained similar. Leaves of A. germinans featured low internal conductance to water transport. This was lowered further under high salinity. Water transport constrains imposed by whole shoot and leaf blade at high salinity were balanced by stomatal regulation of water loss, which possibly maintain stem water potentials above embolisms levels.

The Relationships between Fertility and Contents of Gibberellic Acid, Sugars and Dry Mass in Apical Parts of Chara Vulgaris Thalli

A. Kaźmierczak

Biologia plantarum 44:439-441, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012431819213

The contents of endogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃), sugars, and dry mass in apical parts of fertile and sterile thalli of Chara vulgaris were estimated. The GA₃ concentration in the first node of fertile thallus, determined by capillary electrophoresis, was about 70.0 mg kg^-1 of fresh mass (f.m.). Pisum sativum-bioassay showed GA₃ concentration of 80.0 mg kg^-1 (f.m.) which was about 3 times higher than in the first node of sterile thallus. The higher amount of GA₃, glucose, and the lower starch content and dry mass in fertile plants than in sterile ones suggest the interdependence...

Relations between Photosynthetic Pigment Accumulation and Microsporogenesis in Secale, Triticale, and Secalotriticum

V.E. Shymko, L.N. Kalituho, S.N. Kabanova, L.F. Kabashnikova, I.A. Gordeï

Biologia plantarum 44:443-445, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012436004192

The accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in underflag and flag leaves as well as the process of microsporogenesis in lines of tetraploid Secale, hexaploid Triticale, and hexaploid Secalotriticum were studied. Significant positive correlations were found between the amounts of chlorophyll a (Chl a), carotenoids (Car), Chl a/b ratio, and the normal proceeding of meiosis. High probability of paternal type of inheritance of specifities of meiosis of pollen mother cells and variation in photosynthetic pigments during plant transition from the stalk-shooting to heading stage were demonstrated.

Activities of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, and Oxygen Evolution in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

J. Květoň

Biologia plantarum 44:447-450, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012492105101

Three clones of tobacco transformed with the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid A4b cultivated in vitro on a solid agar medium neither showed pronounced morphological diversity nor significantly differed in chlorophyll (Chl) contents from control plants. However, the transformation caused a 27 to 83 % decay in leaf oxygen evolution and in both ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activities. Therefore, the transformation brought about a reduction of active PEPC as well as activable RuBPC amounts in plant tissues. Individual clones did not mutually differ. In tobacco...

Growth and Endogenous Cytokinins in Tobacco Callus as Affected by N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea

L. Atanasova, L. Iliev

Biologia plantarum 44:451-453, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012496221939

The effect of N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (4PU-30) on the growth and content of endogenous cytokinins of adenine type in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) callus was investigated. Biomass accumulation in calli grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 4PU-30 was higher than that on MS medium with kinetin. The obvious presence of isopentenyladenine type cytokinins and traces of zeatin type cytokinins supposes modification in the endogenous cytokinin metabolism of the tobacco callus grown on 4PU-30.

Low Genetic Polymorphism in Natural Populations of Crotalaria Longipes

M. Jayanthi, P.K. Mandal

Biologia plantarum 44:455-457, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012448306010

Natural genetic variation present in two populations of the critically endangered legume C. longipes was revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Out of the 30 primers used to test the intra-specific genetic polymorphism (between individuals from isolated populations) only 21 gave amplification. Eight primers produced monomorphic bands and 13 primers produced polymorphism. But the range of percent polymorphism was only 0 to 33 %. There was close similarity between individuals within and between populations. Cluster analysis based on Nei's indices did not reveal any population differentiation and individuals of both populations...

Influence of Nitrogen Supply and Water Stress on Growth and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Calcium Contents in Pearl Millet

M. Ashraf, M. Shabaz, M.Y. Ashraf

Biologia plantarum 44:459-462, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012400422848

Influence of supra-optimal concentrations of N on growth and accumulation of N, K, P and Ca in the shoots and roots in Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. under water stress was assessed in a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. Thirty four-day-old plants of two lines, ICMV94133 and WCA-78, were subjected to 224, 336, or 448 mg(N) kg^-1(soil) and soil moisture 100 or 30 % of field capacity for 30 d. Increasing soil N supply decreased growth of both lines under water deficit. Nitrogen content in the shoots of both lines was not affected by supra-optimal levels of N or different watering regimes, but in contrast, the root N content...

Salt Tolerance of In Vitro Established Salt-Tolerant Rice Plants during Further Growth in Soil

Y. Miki, M. Katoh, S. Hisajima

Biologia plantarum 44:463-466, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012452406918

In vitro salt tolerant rice plants established by step up treatment with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % NaCl at 3-week intervals were examined to determine whether they could grow in potted paddy soil containing 0, 0.55 or 0.75 % NaCl till harvesting. All the control plants were necrotic by the 4^th week in the culture. At the 10^th week of culture, 100 % of the salt-tolerant plants subjected to 0 or 0.55 % NaCl survived, and 78 % of the plants at 0.75 % NaCl. The Na⁺ and Cl^- contents in the leaves of salt-tolerant plants grown at 0.55 and 0.75 % NaCl were about 4 times of those without NaCl. The ion contents...

Influence of UV-B Supplemental Radiation on Growth and Pigment Content in Suaeda Maritima L.

K.C. Ravindran, N. Mahesh Kumar, V. Amirthalingam, R. Ranganathan, K.P. Chellappan, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 44:467-469, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012404523757

In a field experiment with a mangrove species Suaeda maritima L. grown under ambient and supplementary UV-B radiation corresponding to 20 % ozone depletion, changes in growth and contents of photosynthetic and UV-absorbing pigments were determined. Supplemental UV-B irradiation for 9 d significantly reduced the growth and concentration of photosynthetic pigments. However, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were significantly increased in UV-treated plants and which could be reduce the UV-B penetration and damage to the underlying tissues.

Phytotoxic Effects of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe on Sinapis Alba L. Seedlings and their Accumulation in Roots and Shoots

A. Fargašová

Biologia plantarum 44:471-473, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012456507827

The inhibitory effects of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Fe on root elongation, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and metal accumulation in the roots and shoots of Sinapis alba were assessed. On the basis of growth inhibition metals can be arranged in a order Cu > Cd > Fe = Zn > Pb. All the metals, except Fe, were accumulated in significantly higher amount in the roots than in the shoots. Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb reduced chlorophyll a, and especially chlorophyll b content, and Zn and Pb reduced the carotenoid content, but less than that of chlorophyll a+b. The plants contained the highest concentration of Cd, and the lowest...

Effect of Growth Regulators on Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Related Parameters in Water Stressed Cotton

B. Kumar, D.M. Pandey, C.L. Goswami, S. Jain

Biologia plantarum 44:475-478, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1012408624665

Gas exchange in Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. H-777 as affected by water deficit and growth regulators (IAA, GA₃, BAP, ABA, ethrel) was examined. Sixty days after sowing, growth regulators in concentration 50 µM were applied as foliar spray and irrigation was withheld to get desired (moderate and severe) water deficit. All the parameters were measured on the third leaf from the top between 10:00 and 11:00. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g_s), carboxylation efficiency (CE), and water potential (ψ_w) decreased significantly with the increasing water stress,...