Biologia plantarum, 1971 (vol. 13), issue 5-6

Article

Effect of Temperature on Susceptibility of the Primary Leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. to Red Clover Mottle Virus

B. A. Kvíčala, J. Bodnár

Biologia plantarum 13:273-278, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930913

Red clover mottle virus isolated in Czechoslovakia was studied in relation to its reaction to varying temperature on primary French bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on which it forms local necrotic lesions. The plants were kept 24 or 48 h before, or 24 or 48 h after inoculation at the temperatures 23, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 36°C. After such exposures the French beans were kept at a constant temperature of 25°C. The lesions were counted at various intervals. In the experiment the optimal temperature for the maximum number of lesions seems to be 36°C 48 h before inoculation. The temperature above 25°C applied 24 h after inoculation seems to have...

Changes in the variability of quantitative characters in M₂ induced in einkorn wheat by N-nitroso-N-methylurea and X-rays

J. Vagera

Biologia plantarum 13:279-289, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930914

Changes in the variability of quantitative characters (number of fertile stems, length of the stem and of the spike, number of spikelets in the spike, number of seeds in the spike and in the spikelet) in M₂ induced with 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.3 mM N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNH) and with 5000r and 10 000 r of X-rays inTriticum monococcum L. var.sofianumKörn. were evaluated. The mean of the populations remained practically unchanged by the mutagens whereas the variability increased considerably with increasing concentration or dose. Changes in the variability were more pronounced in the values for the first stem than in the...

Significance of various nitrogen sources for calcium deficient seedlings ofCucurbita pepo L.

M. Dvořák

Biologia plantarum 13:290-294, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930915

The aim of the present investigation was to examine whether some of the growth defects of calcium-deficient pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seedlings are due to an incapability of the plants to assimilate nitrate nitrogen, such being the mechanism by which according to some of the previous authors growth defects in calcium deficient plants may be produced. The results of the present study, however, demonstrate that the accessibility of various possible products of nitrate reduction is not the limiting factor responsible for growth symptoms of calcium deficiency.

The effect of maleic hydrazide and exogenous DNA on chromosomes ofVicia faba

Jana Šlotová, Z. Karpfel, Dagmar Kubíčková

Biologia plantarum 13:295-304, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930916

The mitotic activity of merstematic cells ofVicia faba, the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and their interchromosomal distribution are evaluated in dependence on the concentration of maleic hydrazide (MH) and on the recovery period. The influence of exogenous DNA of different genetic origin on the course of repair of primary root cells damaged by MH was also studied. Isologous DNA which exhibited a strong repair effect in authors' previous experiments was quite ineffective in the case of maleic hydrazide. Heterologous DNA, on the other hand, had to some extent a parallel effect with MH in breaking down the structural integrity of chromosomes...

5-Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibition of photoperiodically induced flowering inChenopodium rubrum L.

J. Ullmann, Frideta Seidlová, J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 13:305-312, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930917

Flowering in the short day plantChenopodium rubrum was inhibited by 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine (FDU) at a concentration of 4×10^-6 M and higher when applied during photoperiodic induction or immediately afterwards. This inhibition is always accompanied by a general reduction of growth (e.g. a decrease in the first leaf length). The mitotic activity within the shoot apex is completely blocked by FDU application during the photoperiodic treatment. The floral induction (evocationsensu Evans) was not cancelled in this situation as was revealed when reversing the FDU effect by thymidine application. One day after the end of the...

Experimental modifications of the vascular arrangement during the initial development of roots on poplar shoot cuttings

A. Lux

Biologia plantarum 13:313-319, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930918

In rooting poplar shoot cuttings of identical morphogenetic characteristics at the same time, the author succeeded to evoke differences in the radial arrangement of the vascular system by different environment influences. More favourable rooting conditions in the green-house, when comparing with the less favourable field conditions, caused root formation with a higher number of alternating xylem and phloem poles. The representants observed (I 214,Populus deltoides var.monilifera, P. pyramidalis) did not react in the same way on the different onvironment. The hybrid I 214 was the most sensible.
It was also possible to induce differences...

Effect of 4-phenethylpyridine on lipid metabolism of mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.)

Olga Makovcová, L. Šindelář

Biologia plantarum 13:320-324, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930919

Kind of substrate utilized by the respiration of mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba L.) was determined on the basis of found RQ values of control plants. This led to the study of the effect of 4-phenethylpyridine on relationships between lipase, lipoxidase, glycerolkinase and O₂ consumption: Enzyme activities and O₂ consumption rose from the second to the fifth day. According to these results, 4-phenethylpyridine increases degradation of storage fats in the beginning phase of fat catabolism, bringing about advantageous conditions for their metabolic utilization in plant, like in the case of saccharide metabolism.

Cytological studies of radiation induced mutants ofBrassica oleracea var.capitata

O. Konvička, W. Gottschalk

Biologia plantarum 13:325-332, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930920

The meiosis of two mutants ofBrassica oleracea var.capitata was analysed which have been isolated after gamma irradiation and hybridization.
1. Univalents appear in different frequencies in the pollen mother cells of both these mutants attributed to a genetically conditioned reduction of the chiasmata frequency resulting in manifold irregularities in the later stages of microsporogenesis. The number of microspores per PMC varies between 1 and 8, the chromosome number of the microspores between 6 and 12. As a consequence of these meiotic disturbances a strong reduction of the fertility of male and female germ cells occurs.
2. In...

Influence of gibberellic acid and 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on estrogen content of beans

J. Kopcewicz

Biologia plantarum 13:333-337, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930921

The influence of GA and CCC on endogenous estrogens content in beans was investigated. The experiments were conducted in two variants analysing the amounts of estrogens 12, 24, 48, 96 h after application, and in the specific stages of plant development. The lack of influence of GA and the lowering of estrogens content under the influence of CCC was observed.

Responses of cell populations of three chlorococcal algae to the action of streptomycin

J. Nečas

Biologia plantarum 13:338-348, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930922

Time doses of a single concentration of streptomycin and its concentration doses acting for the same time period in a liquid medium had different effects on three strains of chlorococcal algae. This concerned both the physiological responses and permanent changes in the characteristics of cell colonies growing from treated cells. Significant differences were recorded in: the number of autospores produced during the first division of the treated cells on the surface of a solid medium, the length of the lag phase, the growth rate of the diameter of cell colonies, and the survival of the treated cells. The permanent changes in the characteristics of the...

A comparison of some procedures of salt extraction of nucleic acids from pollen. Elimination of interfering substances from extracts

J. Süss

Biologia plantarum 13:349-355, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930923

Some methods were studied which use hot 10% NaCl solution for the extraction of both RNA and DNA from pollen. The raw salt extracts were precipitated with perchloric acid, trichloroacetic acid or ethanol and purified according to the described methods. The nucleic acid hydrolysates were obtained in several ways. In all the samples spectra in the UV-region were measured and the nucleic acid contents were determined according to the absorbance at 260 nm. In order to ascertain the extent of contaminants, the contents of phosphorus, saccharides and proteins were determined. It was found that by the methods studied it is possible to remove some impurities...

Interaction of gibberellic acid and photoperiod in the development of epiphyllous buds inBryophyllum tubiflorum

A. N. Purohit, K. K. Nanda

Biologia plantarum 13:356-360, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930924

The effect of GA₃ on the initiation and the development of epiphyllous buds inBryophyllum tubiflorum exposed to different photoperiods was studied. It was observed that although the bud primordia were initiated under both photoperiods, they developed as epiphyllous buds only under theLD condition. GA₃ did not affect the magnitude of bud development underSD and inhibited it under theLD condition.

The role of growth regulators in the differentiation of walnut buds (Juglans regia L.)

Vladimíra Langrová, Z. Sladký

Biologia plantarum 13:361-367, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930925

The character of endogenous regulators in walnut buds was followed by means of bioassays in the course of vegetation. It was ascertained that a rise in the level of gibberellin-like substances precedes the sprouting of buds. The origination of new buds in the axil of young leaves is accompanied by a fall in the level of auxins, by a low gibberellin content and by the presence of inhibitors. In this situation the primordia of staminate catkins are diferentiated in the basal buds. The vegetative buds which are formed in the axils of further leaves, stop developing because of the accumulating inhibitors. Towards the close of vegetation the primordia of...

Factors influencing the extraction and determination of nucleic acids in plant material: Length of homogenization and precipitation from sodium chloride extracts

J. Süss

Biologia plantarum 13:368-374, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930926

When studying the determination of nucleic acids in pollen based on extraction with hot 10% NaCl, further factors influencing the results were observed. Prolongation of the homogenization from 3 to 5 or 7 min caused considerable loss of DNA in extracts. On using trichloracetic acid to precipitate nucleic acids from the NaCl extracts, higher final values for the sum of nucleic acids were obtained than by precipitating with perchloric acid.

Induction of precedence between cotyledon buds by mechanical stimulation in Bidens pilosus L.

Marie Odile Desbiez

Biologia plantarum 13:375-382, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930927

Pricking one of the cotyledons of aBidens pilosus L. (var.radiatus) seedling decapitated just above the cotyledons four times in succession induces after one minute the dominance of buds on the unaffected side.

Storage of ethyl methanesulphonate-treated barley seeds with low moisture contents

T. Gichner, T. Omura

Biologia plantarum 13:383-390, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930928

Barley seeds were treated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) for 3 h at 25° C, washed with tap water for 24 h at 25° C, redried at 40° C to different moisture contents below 15% and stored at 25° C in desiccators or in sealed plastic bags. The criteria used for expressing the effect of storage were the M₁ seedling height and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. With 14.9% seed moisture a strong increase of biological injury occurred in the course of a 2-week storage, while storage of seeds having an initial moisture content of 11.7% led to a significant increase of injury only after 6 weeks. Superdry EMS-treated seeds with 5% or less...

Growth and infectivity of callus cultures of tomato plants infected with a mycoplasma disease - Potato witches' broom

Eva Petrů, J. Limberk, Marie Ulrychová, J. Brčák

Biologia plantarum 13:391-395, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930929

Callus tissues were derived from the stem of healthy tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentumMill. ev. Průhonické) and of plants infected with potato witches' broom-a disease caused by mycoplasma. Callus cultures were established on modified fully synthetic media described byMorel (1948) and byMurashige andSkoog (1962). Callus cultures obtained from diseased plants were grown and subcultured on both media, growth in primary isolates from healthy plants took place on the Murashige and Skoog medium only. Growth of callus tissue derived from diseased plants was more vigorous even after several subcultivations in comparison with callus tissues isolated...

Contribution to the physiology ofTrigonella infected withPeronospora trifoliorum

S. Gopal, K. K. Maggon, T. A. Venkitasubramanian, K. G. Mukerji

Biologia plantarum 13:396-401, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930930

Some biochemical properties ofTrigonella foenum-groecum infected withPeronospora trifoliorum have been investigated. Qualitative changes were observed in lipids, coumarins, amino acids and indole compounds only. A quantitative study of the phosphate content was also carried out. Neutral lipids did not show any significant changes. In addition to the fourteen phospholipid bands, the infected leaves contained a new band corresponding in R_f to phosphatidic acid or polyglycerophosphate. Seven coumarins were present in both the extracts. In addition 3-hydroxy coumarin, 5-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin were...

Brief Communications

Daily course of some ecophysiological factors in the halophyteKrascheninnikovia in Dasht-i-Nawor (Central Arghanistan) during a radiation day

S. W. Breckle, M. Reshad

Biologia plantarum 13:402-404, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930931

From the very continental high mountain basin Dasht-i-Nawor in Central Afghanistan an example of the daily course of some important ecological factors is given (irradiance, air, leaf and soil temperatures, water vapour saturation pressure deficit, evaporation rate, wind velocity) and some ecological characteristics (osmotic potential, refractive index and chloride content of the cell sap) of two species one of them being a facultative halophyte

Gametogenesis of tobacco in vitro

J. Bobek

Biologia plantarum 13:405-407, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930932

Excised anthers ofNicotiana tabacum L. were culturedin vitro at the stage of pollen tetrads, which proved in our experiments to be the most suitable initial stage for cultivation, up to the stage of mature pollen grains, using Ito and Stern's nutrient medium, or this medium supplemented with uracil. Germinating capacity of the pollen grains formed and the lengths of pollen tubes were quantitatively evaluated.

Absorption and translocation of lipidic substances by plants

S. Prát, S. A. Ahmed

Biologia plantarum 13:408-410, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930933

Young seedlings ofZea mays L. andCucurbita pepo L. were grown in water culture with a layer of oil (linum or olive oil) or liquid paraffin. The seedlings transport oil and parafin into the top and in the young root.Cucurbita seedlings proved to be very sensitive and died within few days.Zea proved to be resistant. InZea this transport of oil was found to be related to the age of the seedlings and the zone of the root in contact with oil. The oil was localised in the cell walls of different tissues of root and top, in the intercellular spaces of cortex and pith and in the xylem vessels.