High temperature - induced changes in germination, seedling vigour and the metabolic activities in rice seeds

Jayanti Mukherjee, S. Mukherji, S. M. Sircar

Biologia plantarum 15:65-71, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922343

The effects of temperature treatments on rice seeds in the early imbibitional phase were studied with respect to changes in germination percentage, seedling growth in terms of root and shoot lengths, water uptake, respiration and hydrolytic enzymes,viz. α-amylase, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and phytase. As compared with the control, the treatment for 30 min at 50 °C caused a variable degree of increase in all these characters and a positive correlation existed between seedling vigour and hydrolase activities. The treatment for 30 min at 60 °C, on the other hand, elicited a retarding influence on these characters. As regards the...

The influence of metabolic inhibitors and temperature on mutagenic activity during the storage of ethyl methanesulphonate-treated barley seeds

T. Gichner, J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 15:72-79, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922344

Anaerobic conditions, the inhibitor of aerobic respiration-sodium azide and the inhibitor of proteosynthesis-chloramphenicol did not influence the increase of toxic and mutagenic effects during the storage of ethyl methanesulphonate-treated barley seeds at 15 per cent water content.
The storage of ethyl methanesulphonate-treated seeds at - 20 °C or at 0 °C avoided all after-effects. With increasing storage temperature (5 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C) the increase of injury due to storage was more pronounced.

Directed Neoformation of Organ Fragments of Torenia fournieri (Lind.) Cultivated in vitro

H. Chlyah

Biologia plantarum 15:80-87, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922345

By modifying the auxine-cytokinine ratios and with or without the addition of sugar, it is possible to direct neoformation in stem and leaf fragments ofTorenia fournieri towards the production of roots only or buds only; the buds either remain vegetative or become floral according of the treatment.

The presence and distribution of α and β glucosidase in root tip

K. Beneš, Yordanka D. Georgieva, Dagmar Poláčková

Biologia plantarum 15:88-94, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922346

A comparison was made of post and simultaneous azocoupling procedures for β glucosidase localization on unfixed and fixed root tips ofZea mays. Using this object, more detailed studies of β glucosidase distribution were undertaken, concerning the time course of enzyme reaction, its pH dependence, the effect of various buffers, the comparison of several diazonium salts and the use of different naphtholic substrates. The indigogenic reaction was also applied. Attempts were made by means of azocoupling procedures to localize a and β glucosidase in root tips ofCucurbita pepo, Lupinus albus, Piswm sativum andVicia faba...

The investigation of the effect of pollination on ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA and DNA contents in styles ofNicotiana alata.

J. Tupý, N. S. Rangaswamy

Biologia plantarum 15:95-101, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922347

Using the phenol extraction method and MAK column chromatography the contents of nucleic acids in styles ofNicotiana alata were estimated before and up to 48 h after compatible pollination. As a result of pollination, high-molecular-weight rRNA and DNA registered a significant increase in their content approximating 30% and 16% respectively. The change in sRNA (4-S tRNA and 5-S rRNA) level was very slight and non-significant. In pollen grains there is an unusually high amount of rRNA with respect to the content of other nucleic acids and the rRNA/tRNA ratio approximates 14 : 1. On the other hand, in non-pollinated styles the content of rRNA...

The significance of the methods of stigmatal and placental pollinationin vitro inAntirrhinum majus L.; seed and callus formation on placentae

Věra Balatková, J. Tupý

Biologia plantarum 15:102-106, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922348

A study was made on certain problems connected with the application of methods of stigmatal and placental pollinationin vitro in the snapdragon.
Germinable pollen without microbial contamination could be obtained only from the flowers which were left, after surface sterilization, on the stem till the dehiscence of anthers. The germination of pollen, and especially the growth of pollen tubes was better in a 0.3 M lactose solution with 10^-3 per cent H₃BO₃ than in usual sucrose media.
The seedsin vitro could be obtained only after normal pollination and the successive artificial cultivation of the entire...

DNA synthesis during development of adventive embryos of wild carrot

Z. S. Wochok

Biologia plantarum 15:107-111, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922349

Embryo development in cultured wild carrot tissue was studied by considering the relationship between DNA biosynthesis and embryo morphogenesis. Autoradiographic data of^3H-thymirdine incorporation indicated a higherpercentage of cells undergoing DNA synthesis in adventive embryos than in proembryonic masses. A definite pattern of DNA synthesis was observed during the transition from a proembryonic mass to the torpedo stage of embryogenesis. In particular the labeling pattern for both the heart and torpedo stages was found to be coincident with specific morphogenetic events.

Book Reviews

Ingrid Tichä, J. Pospíšilová, M. Kamínek

Biologia plantarum 15:159-160, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922365

The relation between the electric impedance of apple-tree tissues and the proliferation disease

J. Dostálek

Biologia plantarum 15:112-115, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922350

Between the electric impedance of the roots of healthy apple-trees and that of apple-trees infected with the proliferation disease there were highly significant differences at the beginning of November. However, the results were not necessarily the same in all roots of the same plant, but varied according to the extent of infection.

Chlorflurenol: Its effect on photomorphogenesis in potato sprout growth

A. N. Purohit

Biologia plantarum 15:116-118, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922351

Two typical dark-responses namely the excessive elongation of sprouts and the formation of sprout hook, are adversely affected by chloroflurenol. It also affects the polarity of sprouts and the formation of roots on tubers, the effect varying with the concentration and the light condition. The significance of these effects of chloroflurenol used in potato production has been discussed.

Phosphorus-32 beta gauge for measuring the water relations of fleshy fruits

R. Antoszewski, Elwira K. Lis

Biologia plantarum 15:119-122, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922352

A technique for studying the water relations of fleshy fruits such as strawberry by measuring the beta ray penetration through the tissue is described. As a source of beta radiation, an active preparation of³²P melted into a capillary glass tube was used. The technique described permits a study of the changes in the water content of fruitsin vivo.

seed rot and root rot complex of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

V. K. Gupta, G. S. Saharan

Biologia plantarum 15:123-125, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922353

Fusarium solani (76%),Phyllosticta phaseolina (12%) andAspergillus flavus (10%) were isolated from bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds showing lesions. Out of these the first two caused 30 per cent and 20 per cent seed rotting respectively after artificial seed inoculations. When inoculum was added into the soil before sowing the seed, 35 per cent and 10 per cent pre-emergence rot ocurred and there was 35 per cent and 15 per cent post-emergence blight when soil with healthy seedlings was inoculated withF. solani andP. phaseolina respectively.F. solani caused similar lesions on bean seeds when inoculated after...

The effect of kinetin on the organogenesis in tobacco (Nicotiana glauca Grah.) callus cultures derived from healthy and mycoplasma-infected plants

Eva Petrů, Marie Ulrychová

Biologia plantarum 15:126-128, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922354

In contradiction to Paulet's (1965) data, we found that kinetin/IAA strongly affected organogenesis in callus tissue derived from the stem ofNicotiana glauca Grah. plants both in primary expiants and in subcultured calli. The effect of these substances was higher in the subcultured calli derived from mycoplasma-infected plants. Evidence of the absence of the infectious agent in de novo-formed plants in subcultured calli was given by grafting and by the electron micrograph.

The morphogenesis of green buds in γ - irradiated leaf and stem expiants of "aurea" chlorophyll mutantNicotiana tabacum L

Z. Opatrný, Z. Landa

Biologia plantarum 15:129-131, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922355

The formation of buds in leaf and stem expiants derived from "aurea" mutant regenerants ofNicotiana tabacum (cv. John Williams Broadleaf, mutation Sulfur) was inhibited by dosages of 1 to 5 krad of γ-irradiation. The extent of the inhibition was proportional to the dosage of irradiation. In some eases, the stem expiants formed buds even after the application of 10 krad. In addition to "aurea" buds, green buds were also formed in both explants after-the irradiation with the dosages of 1 to 2.5 krad which continued to grow even after the trans plantation into garden soil.

Evidence of Systemic Activity of Benomyl by Incorporation of the Fungicide Molecule in Lanoline Paste

P. Verdier

Biologia plantarum 15:132-134, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922356

A test in vivo has bean realized by the author to measure the systemic activity of a fungicide.

The spread of mycoplasma in tobacco (Nicotiana glauca GRAH.) -a symptomless carrier of potato witches' broom disease

J. Limberk, Marie Ulrychová

Biologia plantarum 15:135-136, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922357

The spread of mycoplasma causing potato witches' broom disease from infectious grafts of both tomato and tobacco plants intoNicotiana glauca Grah. plants is much slower than that into tomato plants. An earlier infection inN. glauca stock plants appears when infectiousN. glauca grafts are used. On the other hand, the process of infection proceeds very slowly when using infectious tomato grafts and in some cases the infection is not realized even after three months of graft symbiosis. The authors suppose that mycoplasma has a preference for tomato plants.

The Regulation of the Synthesis of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Excised Pea Roots by ExogenousL- aspartic andL- glutamic Acids

J. Sahulka

Biologia plantarum 15:137-139, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922358

Exogenous L-aspartic and L-glutamic acids enhance glutamate dehydrogenase activity in isolated pea roots. The results obtained indicate that both ammo acids induce increased GDH synthesis.

Respiration in barley seeds treated with mutagenic methyl methanesulphonate and stored at different water contents

Jiřina Švachulová, T. Gichner, J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 15:140-143, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922359

In water soaked barley seeds the respiration rate (QO₂) at 25 °C is about 100 times higher at 30% than at 20% water content. The treatment of seeds with mutagenic methyl methanesulphonate led to the depression of the respiration rate in dependence on the applied mutagenic dose. Seed storage at 30% water content resulted in a recovery from the inhibition of seed respiration caused by methyl methanesulphonate. In contrast, at 20% seed water content the respiration rate either slightly decreased or remained unchanged in the course of storage. The results are discussed in relation to the previously described changes in the yield of induced mutagenic...

Causes of Sterility inAllium sativum L.

O. Konvička

Biologia plantarum 15:144-149, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922360

A fully normal meiosis was found inAllium sativum L. by means of PMC analysis. Quadrivalents were formed only in several cultivars. The cultivation of inflorescence stem (after the exstirpation of bulblets) in a tetracycline solution of 900 i.u. induced a formation of fertile flowers. The first pollen mitosis was studied and the pollen parameters compared with those ofAllium cepa L. Evidence for the pollen sterility was given by crossings on sterile types. A microbiological factor was not isolated.

An acetylcholine-like substance inPorophyllum lanceolatum

E. W. Horton, G. M. Felippe

Biologia plantarum 15:150-151, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922361

Evidence for the occurrence of a substance closely resembling acetylcholine inPorophyllum lanceolatun DC is presented. Its concentration in terms of acetylcholine estimated by biological assay was 0.1 ± 0.02 μmol g^-1 fresh weight of leaf.

Retardation of inflorescence development inCalendula officinalis by a morphactin and its application

H. Y. Mohan Ram, Usha Mehta

Biologia plantarum 15:152-154, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922362

The morphactin - chlorflurenol at 1, 5, 25, 125 and 625 μg/plant either caused total damage of the shoot apices or allowed a few inflorescences to develop with few or no flowers. The inflorescences arising in the lateral branches showed suppressed bracts and modified flowers. With time the treated plants recovered and showed a significant increase in the growth of laterals and the number of inflorescences. Thus morphactin can be used for prolonging the growth period and for obtaining more wholesome plants.

The effect of morphactin on cauliflower curd-formation

M. Ilyas, Bhaskar Barma

Biologia plantarum 15:155-156, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922363

Cauliflower plants in the juvenile phase treated on the leaf surface and at the apex with Morphactin solution (100 mg 1^-1) and this concentration failed to develop a curd and also to come to flowering. Instead of a curd the axis formed a conical or dome-shaped structure bearing 'nodal' rings. The number of rings increased with growth of the axis which either formed or did not form a small curd-like structure, which generally dried without flower formation.

The reversal of cycocel induced inhibition of radicle growth byL-triethylammonium iodide

M. N. Tewari, K. L. Menabia, T. Fatima, S. Kathju

Biologia plantarum 15:157-159, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922364

The new growth promoter, N(2-acyl-l,3-indane dione) triethylammonium iodide (L-TEAI) enhanced the elongation of the seedlings of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub, belonging to familyPapilionaceae). When the two growth regulators, L-TEAI and cycocel were applied together, the cycocel induced inhibition of radicle elongation was reversed, but it failed to reverse the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation.