Peroxidase isoenzymes in normal and habituated calli of sugar beet during transfer from light to darkness

M.A. Bernal, B. Bisbis, M.A. Pedreño, C. Kevers, C. Penel, T. Gaspar

Biologia plantarum 39:161-168, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000338515027

Habituated sugar beet calli have been characterized as having a deficiency in some tetrapyrrole containing compounds. However, peroxidases might be dissociated from the other tetrapyrrole containing compounds. When light-cultured normal and habituated calli were transferred to darkness their peroxidase activity reduced and increased, respectively, indicating that habituation could not strictly be characterized by a deficiency in peroxidase content but rather by a different regulation of its activity. This regulation could be mediated through soluble effectors which act as potential peroxidase inhibitors and/or by a differential expression of the peroxidase...

Activity of α-galactosidase in immobilized cells of Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt

J. Poór

Biologia plantarum 39:161-167, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001060100143

Cell suspension culture Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. were permeabilized by Tween 80 and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. The highest α-galactosidase activity was at pH 5.3 and temperature 70 °C. The hydrolysis of substrate was linear for 3 h reaching 70 - 75 % conversion. The cells characterized by high enzyme activity and stability in long-term storage showed convenient physico-mechanical properties (physical protection from shear forces and easy separation of product from biocatalysts).

Kozlowski, T.T., Pallardy, S.G.: Physiology of Woody Plants

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 39:168, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001045426068

Stimulation of H+transport activity of vacuolar H+ATPase by activation of H+PPase in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana

E. Fischer-Schliebs, J.-B. Mariaux, U. Lüttge

Biologia plantarum 39:169-177, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000372315936

In Kalanchoë blossfeldiana cv. Tom Thumb the initial rate of ATP-dependent H+-transport into tonoplast vesicles was stimulated up to three times if the H+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) was energized a few minutes after pre-energization of the H+-PPase (EC 3.6.1.1). H+-PPase-activated ATP-dependent H+-transport was observed in plants of K. blossfeldiana cultivated in short day (SD) or long day (LD) conditions expressing different degrees of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). However, based on the higher activity and protein amount of H+-PPase and H+-ATPase present in the vacuolar membrane of SD plants the maximum H+-transport activity in the stimulated mode...

Distribution of loosely-bound calcium in the vegetative and generative cells of the pollen grain in Chlorophytum elatum

A. Górska-Brylass, R. Butowt, M.I. Rodriguez-Garcia

Biologia plantarum 39:169-181, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001004216982

We used chlorotetracycline fluorescence, alizarin staining and potassium pyroantimonate methods, as well as X-ray microanalysis, to demonstrate the differential localization of Ca2+ during pollen maturation. Level of loosely-bound Ca2+ ions was higher in the generative cell than in the vegetative cell of the mature pollen grain which is one of the symptoms of metabolic differentiation of the two sister cells.

Gunning, B.E.S., Steer, M.W.: Bidatlas zur Biologie der Pflanzenzelle. Struktur und Funktion

I Tichá

Biologia plantarum 39:178, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000644413994

Micropropagation of Calathea ornata Koern.

M. Podwyszyńska

Biologia plantarum 39:179-186, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000376400006

In vitro cultures of Calathea ornata Koern. cv. Sanderiana shoots were maintained on modified medium of Murashige and Skoog. With the aim to find effective micropropagation method the effects of cytokinins, paclobutrazol, saccharose, mineral salts and shoot-tip damage on the shoot growth and quality were studied. The highest number of shoots was obtained on a medium containing 2.5 mg dm-3 benzylaminopurine, 2.5 mg dm-3 kinetin, 4.5 % saccharose and raised concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn. Shoot branching was markedly stimulated by the shoot-tip damage.

Gardiner, W.P.: Statistics for the Biosciences. Data Analysis Using Minitab Software

L. Nátr

Biologia plantarum 39:182, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001097410138

RAPD fingerprinting of diploid Lolium perenne × hexaploid Festuca arundinacea hybrid genomes

G. Šiffelová, M. Pavelková, A. Klabouchová, I. Wiesner, V. Našinec, I. Našinec

Biologia plantarum 39:183-192, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001056201052

We tested the application of RAPD technology for identification of hybrid genomes originated from a maternal clone of Lolium perenne L. (2n = 2x = 14) bearing cytoplasmic male sterility, which was pollinated separately by five clones of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Barocco (2n = 6x = 42). Six classes of RAPD markers were recognized, specific to: 1) Festuca genome and inherited into F1 hybrid genomes, 2) Lolium genome inherited into F1 hybrid genomes, 3) Lolium-specific bands not found in F1 progeny, 4) Festuca-specific bands not found in F1 progeny, 5) new bands found only in F1 hybrid profiles, 6) bands common to all parental and F1 hybrid genotypes....

Diverse transporters for neutral amino acids in Ricinus communis L. seedlings

C. Schobert, N. Mitsusada, H. Aoshima

Biologia plantarum 39:187, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000328500915

Uptake mechanisms for neutral amino acids were investigated by expression of mRNA isolated from seedlings of Ricinus communis L. in Xenopus laevis oocytes. After injection of mRNA from root, hypocotyl and cotyledon currents elicited by saccharose and neutral amino acids ranged from 0.3 nA up to 2 nA depending on the respective substrate and the source of mRNA. These currents were due to expression of low affinity uptake mechanisms and the KM values found for amino acid induced charge flow range from 1 to 2 mM. The abundance and/or the specificity of the expressed mechanisms differ in the various tissues. Currents of similar magnitude were recorded...

The development of female gametophyte and antipodal embryo formation in Sedum fabaria

M.K. Wojciechowicz, M. Samardakiewicz

Biologia plantarum 39:193-202, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001008317890

In Sedum fabaria, the ovule is anantropus, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The development of the nucellus conforms to the Sedum type. The development of the embryo sac is of the Allium type. The antipodal cells in unfertilized embryo sac occasionally divide and one of them forms four-celled structures resembling embryos and remaining once elongate in the form of haustoria. The entry of the pollen tube is porogamous. After division the primary endosperm nucleus forms two cells: the apical one develops into cellular endosperm according to the Acre type and the basal one acts as the endosperm haustorium of the Sempervivum type. The embryogeny corresponds...

Influence of ethylene on apex development and mobilization of soluble saccharides in the corm of Liatris

S. Bañón, A. Ortuño, J.A. Del Río

Biologia plantarum 39:197-206, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000332617753

We studied the influence of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) on the first stages of development of the main apex of Liatris spicata cv. Callilepis and its relation to the mobilization of soluble saccharides in the corm. Ethephon enhanced cell expansion during the first weeks of cultivation but did not affect the timing of flower initiation. Soluble saccharide concentration in the corm reached a maximum after sprouting, probably due to rapid growth of the shoot. There was no change in the concentrations of soluble saccharides immediately prior to flower initiation, which suggested that quantitative changes in these saccharides were not responsible...

Longitudinal component of trans-root electrical potential difference: evidence from application of metabolic inhibitors to the cut end of excised maize roots

M. Vuletić, Z. Vučinić

Biologia plantarum 39:203-209, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001060301961

Changes in trans-root electrical potential induced by application of metabolic inhibitors (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, vanadate, diethylstilbestrol, N-ethyl maleimide, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid, KCN, salicylhydroxamic acid) and electron acceptors (hexachloroiridate IV and hexacyanoferrate III) to the cut end of excised roots of maize demonstrated existence of a longitudinal component of trans-root electrical potential. It was probably associated with redox plasma membrane bound system(s) and coupled to the cyanide sensitive and alternative respiration pathways.

Does cholinesterase participate in the intercellular interactions in pollen-pistil system?

L.V. Kovaleva, V.V. Roshchina

Biologia plantarum 39:207-213, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000384618661

Hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine has been observed in aqueous extracts from petunia pollen and pistils. The reproductive organs of self-compatible clone showed a higher rate of choline ester hydrolysis than those of self-incompatible clone. The highest rate of acetylthiocholine hydrolysis blocked by the cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine and neostigmine) was characteristic for the pollen of self-compatible clone. The incomplete (25 - 40 %) inhibition of hydrolysis in pistil extracts of self-compatible clone suggests the presence of unspecific esterases. The eight-fold lower hydrolysis was observed in the pistils of self-incompatible...

Influence of irradiation quality on photosynthetic pigments, saccharides, nitrate reductase activity, thylakoid organization and growth of Ulva pertusa

B. Muthuvelan, K. Fujimori, C. Murugan, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 39:211-218, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001012418799

A floating green alga Ulva pertusa Kjallman was grown in the laboratory under various irradiations: "white light" (as reference, broad spectral band, WLC), red radiation (600-700 nm, RRC) and blue radiation (400-500 nm, BRC). During 15 d of culture, the specific growth rate of WLC varied highly when compared to BRC and RRC. The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and proteins, and the nitrate reductase (NR) activity were significantly higher in BRC than in RRC while the content of saccharides was slightly higher in RRC than BRC. U. pertusa in WLC had the highest contents of saccharides, proteins, and Chl, and the highest NR activity. In the WLC, closely...

Larcher, W.: Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen. Leben, Leistung und Stressbewältigung der Pflanzen in ihrer Umwelt

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 39:214, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000656730832

Oxidative stress injury in tomato plants induced by supplemental UV-B radiation

T. Balakumar, B. Gayathri, P.R. Anbudurai

Biologia plantarum 39:215-221, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000388719570

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM 1) plants growing under field conditions were exposed for 15 d to solar radiation with UV-B component (280 - 320 nm) enhanced to 6.3 kJ m-2 d-1. This simulated a 15% stratospheric ozone depletion over Madurai (9° 50' N latitude). Lipid peroxidation in the leaves of UV-B treated plants was 32% higher compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities registered parallel promotion by 126 and 50 %, respectively, in the UV-B treated plants. Further, the contents of total phenols and anthocyanins in the leaves have also been enhanced by 40 and 156%, respectively. On the contrary, polyphenol...

Age-specific changes of acidity, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, abscisic acid and leaf water potential in Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum

M.I. Elamry, A.K. Hegazy

Biologia plantarum 39:219-228, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001064502869

Age-induced changes in 1) nocturnal and diurnal acidity fluctuations that coincide with the ongoing environmental conditions, 2) the build up of abscisic acid (ABA) in plant roots and leaves during sunrise, midday, and sunset in all growing stages, 3) the changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) activities as key enzymes of the photosynthetic pathways of C3 and CAM, 4) leaf water potential (ψ1), and 5) Km and Vmax for PEPC to express its activity and affinity, were studied in Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum during transition from C3 to CAM mode of CO2 fixation. The acidity during...

Schmauder, H.-P.(ed.): Methoden der Biotechnologie

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 39:222, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000608814903

Source-sink relationship in Abelmoschus esculentum L.

R.M. Bhatt, N.K. Srinivasa Rao

Biologia plantarum 39:223, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000392803640

The ontogenetic changes in source-sink relation associated with the manipulation of reproductive sink at different positions on the plant in two okra cultivars (Arka Anamika and Pusa Makhamali) with distinct branching habit (cv. Arka Anamika tends to branch at the middle nodes unlike cv. Pusa Makhamali) were analysed. The cultivar differences for extension growth were nonsignificant except at treatment where all flowers and flower buds upto 8th mode were removed. The reproductive sink reductions resulted in a decrease of total dry matter accumulation per plant to an extent of 13 to 46% in Arka Anamika and 18 to 34 % in Pusa Makhamali. Fruits on the...

Influence of altered irradiance on fruits and leaves of mature pear trees

P.I. Garriz, H.L. Alvarez, A.J. Alvarez

Biologia plantarum 39:229-234, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000344920479

The response of pear fruit and leaf parameters to shade imposed during development was studied. Whole branches of mature trees of Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett growing in the High Valley area of Argentina were covered with a shade cloth (80 % reduction in irradiance) from 6 to 18 weeks after full bloom (WAFB) during the 1995-96 growing season. Fruit diameter was measured at two-weekly intervals; flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, and leaf area were determined 18 WAFB. Prolonged shading significantly reduced fruiting spur specific leaf mass and consequently resulted in 20.79 % less final fruit fresh mass. However, flesh firmness was 8.07...

Effects of water stress on leaf growth and photosynthetic and transpiration rates of Tectona grandis

G. Rajendrudu, C.V. Naidu

Biologia plantarum 39:229-234, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001016619707

Plants of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) growing after transplantation to fertile soil for 5 - 6 months were subjected to water stress by withholding watering continuously for 3 weeks. The growth rates of both plants in height and developing leaves in length were unaffected during the first week after withholding watering, but they were decreased by about 50 % during the second week and became negligible during the third week of water stress treatment. The rate of leaf production and internodal elongation were also decreased in plants experienced 2 weeks of water stress. However, after rewatering, these plants regained growth potential and exhibited high...

Effect of ouabain on stomatal movements and transpiration rate of Secale cereale

A. Morant-Avice, P. Jurvilliers, G. Tremblin, A. Coudret

Biologia plantarum 39:235-242, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000396921387

Young rye seedlings (Secale cereale cv. Petkus) were grown for 12 or 18 din aerated nutrient solution. CO2-free air in light or in darkness induced stomatal opening. When light and CO2-free air were applied together, maximum stomatal opening was observed. Na+ channel inhibitor [3H]ouabain was taken up from nutrient medium and translocated into the leaves via the xylem sap. The presence of 10-5 M ouabain in the root medium for 20 h increased stomatal opening and transpiration rate. On the other hand, stomatal closing was not affected by the presence of ouabain. These results suggested that Na+ might play a role in stomatal movements.

Growth and photosynthesis of Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) plants as affected by nitrogen deficiency

L. Guidi, G. Lorefice, A. Pardossi, F. Malorgio, F. Tognoni, G.F. Soldatini

Biologia plantarum 39:235-244, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001068603778

Fully expanded leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) growing with either complete or nitrogen-deficient nutrient solution were analysed for leaf water status, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence during the vegetative and reproductive phases. N-deficiency did not affect leaf water relations but did decrease light saturated photosynthetic rate as well as stomatal conductance in the vegetative stage. A lower variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) was found in N-limited plants which also showed an increase in leaf starch content and in starch to sucrose ratio. The inhibition of photosynthesis and the alteration of photosynthates partitioning...

Transpiration decline curves and stomatal characteristics of faba bean genotypes

D.S. Darwish, G.M. Fahmy

Biologia plantarum 39:243-249, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000301205458

Nine F1 crosses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and their parental genotypes were evaluated for transpiration decline curves (TDC) and stomatal characteristics. The most common type of TDC had one inflexion. One parent and three crosses were characterized by TDC of two inflexions, while one cross had TDC without inflexion. The genotypes which exhibited TDC with 2inflexions showed later time to stomatal closure (SC). Also stomatal and cuticular transpiration rates differ significantly among studied genotypes. A model for selecting genotypes with effective water retaining features was suggested. This model includes relative water content (RWC) at SC, stomatal...

Biochemical changes in sugar beet lines in dependence on soil moisture

S. Kevrešan, B. Krstić, M. Popović, L. Kovačev, S. Pajević, J. Kandrač, Đ. Malenčić

Biologia plantarum 39:245-250, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001020720616

Nine sugar beet lines were grown in a glasshouse on chernozem soil watered to 35, 50 and 65 % of maximal soil water capacity. After 12 d, plant water potential, net photosynthetic rate, contents of soluble proteins, DNA and RNA, proportion of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO) protein, and carbonic anhydrase activity were measured. As soil moisture decreased, the leaf water potential and net photosynthetic rate decreased. DNA and RNA content and carbonic anhydrase activity decreased under moderate drought, and increased with severe drought. RUBISCO protein proportion did not change significantly under decreased soil moisture,...

Phillips, R.L., Vasil, I.K. (ed.): DNA-Based Markers in Plants

J. Bříza

Biologia plantarum 39:250, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000660831741

Low irradiance stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

M.M. Viji, M. Thangaraj, M. Jayapragasam

Biologia plantarum 39:251-256, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000353206366

The effect of low irradiance on three rice cultivars (shade tolerant cvs. Swarnaprabha and CO 43 and shade susceptible cv. IR 20) was studied. The large subunit (LSU) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with molecular mass of 55 kDa was reduced in cv. IR 20 grown under low irradiance (LI). Native protein profile studied showed, under LI, reduction in the contents of proteins with RF values 0.03, 0.11 and 0.37. Analysis of chloroplast polypeptides revealed an induction of light-harvesting chlorphyll-protein 2 (LHCP2) under shade. The induction was more expressed in cv. CO 43 than in cv. IR 20. Under LI, in vivo labelled protein bands...

Responses of alfalfa to potassium, calcium, and nitrogen under stress induced by sodium chloride

M.G. Khan, M. Silberbush, S.H. Lips

Biologia plantarum 39:251-259, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001072704686

The physiological responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gilboa) to salinity (100 mM NaCl) and some inorganic nutrients (K+, Ca2+ and N as NO3-) were investigated. Salinity caused a substantial reduction in biomass, carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, leaf area, relative growth rate, NO3- content and nitrate reductase activity, whereas, transpiration rate was slightly affected. Inclusion of K+, Ca2+ and N as NO3- in plant nutrient medium in combination or alone brought about a marked stimulation in control plants and moderated the salinity caused reductions in NaCl treated plants. In addition, plants also exhibited...

Sodium chloride induced changes in leaf growth, and pigment and protein contents in two rice cultivars

A.N. Misra, S.M. Sahu, M. Misra, P. Singh, I. Meera, N. Das, M. Kar, P. Sahu

Biologia plantarum 39:257-262, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000357323205

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were grown under NaCl stress. The leaf growth of resistant cv. Damodar was less affected than that of the susceptible cv. Jaya. The leaf protein content showed no distinct cultivar or age dependent differences under NaCl salinity. There was a significant increase in chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents of 25-d-oldseedlings of both cv. Jaya and cv. Damodar. However, Chl and Car content of 15-d-old seedlings of cv. Jaya decreased and that of cv. Damodar increased, under NaCl stress.

Tolerance of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to NaCl

H. Padhi, B. Rath, S.P. Adhikary

Biologia plantarum 39:261-268, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001024821525

Eleven species of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria belonging to six genera (Cylindrospermum, Anabaena, Nostoc, Calothrix, Scytonema, and Westiellopsis) tolerate different concentrations of NaCl (from 0.05 to 0.35 M). Wide variation in the chlorophyll (Chl) a content of the species of the same genus and between genera in presence of NaCl was observed. The least tolerant (Cylindrospermum sp., Cy 6), the maximum tolerant (Westiellopsis sp., We 1), and the intermediate tolerant (Westiellopsis sp., We 6) species of cyanobacteria were selected, and their response to various concentrations of NaCl (growth, nitrogen-fixing capacity, and production of extracellular...

Salt tolerance of soybean cultivars

H.M. Abd El-Samad, M.A.K. Shaddad

Biologia plantarum 39:263-269, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000309407275

Soybean (Glycine max) cv. Clark tolerated NaCl salinity up to osmotic potential in soil -1800 kPa, cv. Forest to -1500 kPa and cv. Kint to -1200 kPa. The tolerance of cvs. Clark and Forest was found to be related to the accumulation of soluble proteins, amino acids, proline, K and Ca. The sensitivity of cv. Kint was found to be associated with decrease in water, saccharide, protein, K and Ca contents. The leaf osmotic potential decreased in cvs. Clark and Forest while remained unchanged in cv. Kint.

Alleviation of salt stress by plant growth regulators in Triticum aestivum L.

K.S. Datta, S.K. Varma, R. Angrish, B. Kumar, P. Kumari

Biologia plantarum 39:269-275, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001076805595

Seedlings of the salt sensitive wheat cultivar C-306 evolved more ethylene than the salt tolerant cultivar Kharchia-65 under different levels of both chloride- and sulphate-dominated types of salinity. Pre-sowing seed soaking treatments with kinetin, gibberellic acid and to a lesser extent indole-3-acetic acid alleviated salt stress effects as apparent from seedling dry mass. Treated seedlings also evolved more ethylene both under saline and non-saline conditions. Ethrel did not affect seedling growth as well as ethylene production. Abscisic acid inhibited seedling growth and ethylene production under both types of salinity.

G.M. Rothe: Electrophoresis of Enzymes. Laboratory Methods

N. čeřovská

Biologia plantarum 39:270, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000612915811

Anatomical and morphological parameters of leaves and leaf petioles of Actinidia deliciosa

R. Oláh, E. Masarovičová, J. šamaj, M. Ovečka, M. Bobák, J. Krištín, V. Egedová

Biologia plantarum 39:271-280, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000361408183

Differences in anatomy and morphology of the kiwifruit leaves and leaf petioles might play a considerable role in the sex-determination. Three months after bud break (June), the kiwifruit leaves of both male and female plants, grown on the vegetative and generative shoots showed different leaf area (128.6 ± 13.45 cm2 in male and 104.5 ± 4.02 cm2 in female plants) and shape. The most frequently leaf shape was determined as "folium cordatum" and "folium rotundato-cordatum". Higher values of total leaf thickness of the female leaves (190 ± 3.84 µm) in comparison to male leaves (174 ± 3.52 µm) were estimated, resulting...

Effect of Azotobacter strains on sugar beet callus proliferation and nitrogen metabolism enzymes

S. Mezei, M. Popović, L. Kovačev, N. Mrkovački, N. Nagl, D. Malenčić

Biologia plantarum 39:277-283, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001028922433

The effect of five Azotobacter chroococcum strains and nitrogen content in nutrient media on callus growth of two Beta vulgaris L. cultivars were investigated, as well as the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in inoculated callus tissue. On medium with full nitrogen content (1 N) the inoculation with A. chroococcum strain A2 resulted in the highest calli mass, while strains A8 and A14 maximally increased NR activity. On media with 1/8 N the highest effect on calli growth, GS and GDH activity had the strain A8. The strain A2/1 significantly increased callus proliferation on medium without...

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza of Calamagrostis villosa supplied with organic and inorganic phosphorus

M. Baláž, M. Vosátka

Biologia plantarum 39:281, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000365525022

Plants of Calamagrostis villosa were cultivated in nutrient solution alone or in association with a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus etunicatum. They were supplied with two levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi; 0.1 or 1 mM) and with or without organic phosphate (dinatriumphenylphosphate, Po; 1 mM). Depression of growth and enhancement of root respiration of mycorrhizal plants in comparison with non-mycorrhizal plants were observed after 12 weeks of cultivation in a growth cabinet. Root colonization was not influenced by the higher phosphorus availability in contrast to the extraradical mycelium (ERM). The lengths of ERM hyphae both...

Nutrient-encapsulation of potato nodal segments for germplasm exchange and distribution

D. Sarkar, P.S. Naik

Biologia plantarum 39:285-290, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001080906504

Nutrient-encapsulation technique using in vitro grown nodal segments was developed as an alternative method for distribution of potato germplasm. The nodal cuttings of two potato genotypes, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Lauvkar, were encapsulated in calcium-free Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing either 2 or 3 % sodium alginate and 0, 1, 2 or 3 % saccharose. The encapsulated segments were stored in tubes with or without semisolid MS medium, and incubated in the dark at 25 ± °C for 3 to 6 weeks. Presence of saccharose in the beads was found detrimental for regrowth of new shoots. In absence of saccharose, about 82 % and 53 % encapsulated segments...

Influence of temperature increase on evaportranspiration rate and cytokinin content in wheat seedlings

R.G. Farkhutdinov, S.U. Veselov, G.R. Kudoyarova, R. Valcke

Biologia plantarum 39:289-291, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000627916005

The content of cytokinins especially zeatin nucleotide decreased in shoots as a result of temperature increase. Simultaneously the cytokinins accumulated in roots. The changes in cytokinins distribution were followed by a decline of evapotranspiration after its initial temperature-induced uprising.

Contents of abscisic acid and cytokinins in shoots during dehydration of wheat seedlings

A. Mustafina, S. Veselov, R. Valcke, G. Kudoyarova

Biologia plantarum 39:291-293, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001033023342

Accumulation of ABA in shoots during 30-min dehydration of wheat seedlings was accompanied by the decline in the content of zeatin nucleotide and the accumulation of zeatin 9-N-glucoside. The total content of zeatin derivatives as well as the content of free base of zeatin remained almost constant.

Loeppert, R.H., Schwab, A.P., Goldberg, S. (ed.): Chemical Equilibrium and Reaction Models

J. Janáček

Biologia plantarum 39:292, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000664932650

Water relations of Capsicum genotypes under water stress

M.R. Ismail, W.J. Davies

Biologia plantarum 39:293-297, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000684016914

Pepper species and cultivars, Capsicum annuum cv. Bell Boy, C. annuum cv. Kulai and C. frutescens cv. Padi, differing in drought tolerance were investigated for their water relations, stomatal responses and abscisic acid (ABA) content during water stress. C. frutescens cv. Padi exhibited a greater osmotic adjustment than C. annuum cultivars. Stomatal conductance of cv. Bell Boy was more sensitive to water stress than that of cvs. Kulai and Padi. In all pepper genotypes, stomatal closure was triggered in the absence of a large decrease in leaf water status. ABA content in xylem sap and leaf was higher in C. annum cultivars compared to C. frutescens cv. Padi.

Tolerance of rice to nickel in nutrient solution

S. Samantaray, G.R. Rout, P. Das

Biologia plantarum 39:295-298, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001085007412

For screening tolerance of six cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa) to different concentrations of nickel (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 μg dm3), growth parameters (root and shoot length, root and shoot dry matter production) and root and shoot tolerance indexes were tested after 7, 10 and 13 d of treatment. In presence of nickel in nutrient solution, root growth of cv. Nilgiri was enhanced, while in cvs. Subhadra, Khandagiri, Rudra, Sankar and Annapurna it decreased. The root tolerance index (RTI) and shoot tolerance index (STI) in cv. Nilgiri were high; cvs. Sankar and Khandagiri, however, showed a low RTI. Based on the standard growth parameters, six cultivars...

J.A. Nicoloff (ed.): Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol 55: Plant Cell Electroporation and Electrofusion Protocols

K. Angelis

Biologia plantarum 39:298, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000617016720

Improved method of total histone isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana

M.R. Przewloka, A. Jerzmanowski

Biologia plantarum 39:299-302, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000688117822

Standard methods of isolation of chromatin histones from Arabidopsis thaliana yield strongly degraded proteins when applied to plants grown from seeds in axenic liquid media. For isolation of undegraded histones from Arabidopsis grown in liquid media we used extraction with guanidine hydrochloride followed by selective binding of histones on BioRex 70 resin in the batch system. The quality of obtained proteins is confirmed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Electrolyte leakage differences between poikilohydrous and homoiohydrous species of Gesneriaceae

B. Stevanović, J. Šinzčar, O. Glišić

Biologia plantarum 39:299-303, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001037124251

Comparative analysis of the electrolyte efflux, as a screening test of the membrane tolerance to water stress, was carried out in poikilohydric plants Ramonda serbica Panč. and Ramonda nathaliae Panč. & Petrov. and homoiohydric plant Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. from the same family Gesneriaceae. Water stress was induced by PEG 600. The high degree of solute leakage in the East-African drought-intolerant Saintpaulia ionantha points to the loss of membrane integrity. In contrast, Balkan endemites Ramonda serbica and R. nathaliae show high resistance to water stress due to the specific constitutional drought tolerance mechanisms.

Shoot regeneration and protein synthesis in tomato tissue cultures

A.E. El-Enany

Biologia plantarum 39:303-308, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000692218731

Shoot regenerations from hypocotyls and cotyledons of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was inhibited by NaCl (100 and 150 mM).Shoot fresh and dry masses were also reduced. Addition of proline (100 mgdm-3) counteracted the inhibitory effect of NaCl. SDS-PAGE analyses of extracted proteins, revealed that in cultures grown in medium with 25 mM NaCl plus proline, extra polypeptides of Mr 190, 58, 45 and 26 kDa accumulated. As NaCl was increased in the medium a new protein of Mr 67 kDa also accumulated.

Particle mediated DNA delivery and transient expression of GUS gene in plated cells of rice

R. Sathishkumar, S. Agrawal, K. Manoharan

Biologia plantarum 39:305-309, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001044008321

Culture conditions for a fine dispersion of plated cells of Oryza sativa L. cv. IR 20, have been worked out. These plated cells developed microcalli containing large number of somatic embryos and subsequently plantlets. By using single cells and clusters of 2 - 4 cells, an efficient DNA-delivery by microprojectile bombardment into cells and its transient expression were assessed by employing a plasmid construct containing β-glucuronidase gene.

Regeneration of plants from callus tissue of Desmodium affine and Desmodium uncinatum

H.Y. Rey, L.A. Mroginski

Biologia plantarum 39:309-313, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000696319639

Plants were in vitro regenerated from leaf callus of Desmodium affine and D. uncinatum. Leaf explants were induced to form callus when aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 6 mg dm-3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in combination with 1 mg dm-3 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Regeneration of shoots was induced when callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6 mg dm-3 BAP and 0.01 mg dm-3 NAA. Roots regenerated in high frequency when differentiated shoots were subcultured on MS medium supplemented only with 0.01 mg dm-3 NAA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully grown in pots. Calli from D. incanum failed to...

Non-destructive stereological method for estimating the length of rigid root systems

J. Albrechtová, L. Kubínová, O. Votrubová, K. Eliášová

Biologia plantarum 39:311-316, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001063725159

A non-destructive method of total vertical projections for estimating the length of rigid root systems, not introduced yet in plant sciences, is described. It is demonstrated on measuring less and more dense root systems of seedlings of Zea mays grown at hypoxic or control conditions. Photographs of six vertical projections (30° apart) of each root system were taken and evaluated. The method being based on proved mathematical formula offers unbiased estimation of the length of a rigid root system, curved in three-dimensional space, by non-destructive means. Thus, it is applicable during ongoing experimentation on plants grown in a solution culture....

Mathis, P. (ed.): Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. Vol 2.

N. Wilhemová

Biologia plantarum 39:314, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000669000790

Effects of copper, lead and zinc on phytoplankton growth

K.S. Bilgrami, S. Kumar

Biologia plantarum 39:315-317, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1000600503710

Impact of Cu, Pb and Zn on the growth of Closterium acerosum, Pediastrum simplex, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda was studied in vitro. At concentration 0.1 g m-3 these metals were not toxic, however, at concentration 10.0 g m-3 the growth of phytoplankton was inhibited. Cu was the most toxic followed by Pb and Zn. S. quadricauda expressed highest tolerance to these metals, and least tolerance was exhibited by C. acerosum.

Tobacco polyamines as affected by stresses induced by different pathogens

A. Edreva

Biologia plantarum 39:317-320, 1997 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001093209229

A decrease of the polyamine content of tobacco leaves inoculated with fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens differing in symptom severity (mosaic, chlorosis, necrosis) was observed. The extent of the decrease was not related to the type of pathogens but to the severity of damage symptoms; hence, the polyamine decline may be regarded as a common response of tobacco to damage produced by pathogens.