Utilization of metabolic energy under saline conditions: changes in properties of ATP dependent enzymes in plant cells grown under saline conditions

M. Reuveni

Biologia plantarum 34:181, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925865

The effect of growth in saline medium on the activity of two ATP utilizing enzymes was studied. Hexokinase in carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells grown in suspension culture either in the absence or presence of 150 ml NaCl, and tonoplast H⁺-ATPase in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) cells grown in suspension culture either in the absence of presence of 428 mM NaCl. There was no difference in the pH profiles, NaCl sensitivity and kinetic parameters towards glucose of hexokinase activities from carrot cells grown in the presence or the absence of NaCl, but the activity from cells grown in the presence of NaCl was more resistant...

Book review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 34:192, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925866

Cytological study on wheat (Triticum timopheevi Zhuk.) protoplasts

J. Jásik, I. N. Smolenskaya, S. E. Zorinyants, A. V. Nosov, O. I. Baulina, J. Krištín

Biologia plantarum 34:193-201, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925867

Protoplasts were obtained from tetraploid wheat (Triticum timopheevi Zhuk.) suspension culture by incubation in solution of 1 % pectinase 500, 1 % driselase and 1 % cellulase and cultivated in Schenk and Hildebrandt medium. Freshly isolated protoplasts contained dense cytoplasm and constricted organellae exhibited negative contrast of their membranes. Together with normal protoplasts huge multinucleate protoplasts were present in the population. 3 h after plating, the cytoplasm showed normal appearance, the negative contrast of membranes was not evident any longer. Cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were numerous. There were...

Book Review

J. Jirátko, N. Čeřovská

Biologia plantarum 34:202, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925868

Phenolic accumulation and peroxidase activity inin vitro selected alfalfa callus cultures resistant to filtrate ofFusarium spp.

M. Hrubcová, M. Cvikrová, L. Meravy, J. Eder, P. Binarova

Biologia plantarum 34:203, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925869

Changes in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, accumulation of phenolic acids and ionically-bound peroxidase activity in thein vitro selected embryogenic and nonembryogenicMedicago sativa callus cultures resistant to the filtrate ofFusarium spp. were found. The PAL activity in bothin vitro selected cultures during a 4-week cultivation on a medium with phytotoxins was higher than in the control calli grown on a medium without toxin. The filtrate fromFusarium spp. evoked an increase in the contents of all determined phenolic acids in the selected calli. They occurred predominantly bound as esters. The most...

Book review

P. Bartos

Biologia plantarum 34:212, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925870

Somatic embryogenesis in European black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.)

T. Salajová, J. Salaj

Biologia plantarum 34:213-218, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925871

Embryogenic callus was initiated from immature zygotic embryos of black pine on medium DCR supplemented with 2 mg 1^-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg 1^-1 BAP. The diploid number of chromosomes confirmed the origin of callus from zygotic embryos. The callus was white, glossy, mucilaginous and contained somatic embryos consisted of an embryonic region with densely cytoplasmic cells and suspensor region with long vacuolated cells. Although somatic embryos with green cotyledons were recognisable after ABA treatment and subsequent transfer to growth-regulator free media whole plants have not yet been obtained.

Der einfluss von stickstoff und saccharose auf die knollenbildungin vitro bei kartoffelpflanzen

H. von Meltzer

Biologia plantarum 34:219-222, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925872

The Effect of Nitrogen and Saccharose on Tuberizationin Vitro. The tuberization rate increased and tuber mass decreased to one half or one quarter in potato plantlets in a modified MS-medium with 3 % saccharose and decreased nitrogen content in comparison with normal MS-medium. Decreasing nitrogen content prolonged the time necessary for tuberization. The increase of sucrose concentration to 4 % decreased the inhibitory effect of higher contents of nitrogen on tuberization rate.

Diurnal fluctuations of endogenous IAA content in aralia leaves

M. Lopez-Carbonell, L. Alegre, E. Prinsen, H. van Onckelen

Biologia plantarum 34:223-227, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925873

Diurnal variations in endogenous IAA levels inFatsia japonica leaves, maintaining constant other external factors such as temperature and relative humidity, were studied. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber (20 °C, 75 % RH, 16 h photoperiod, 400 µmol m^-2 s^-1 PAR). IAA analyses were carried out by analytical IP-HPLC with on-line spectrofluorimetry. Rhythmic variation of endogenous IAA levels was found. At the onset of the light period the IAA concentration dropped very rapidly from 1070 pmol g^-1 (fr.m.) to 144 pmol g^-1 (fr.m.). This concentration was nearly constant throughout the entire...

Book Review

V. Novak, T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 34:228, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925874

The localization of nonspecific esterase and cholinesterase activity in germinating pollen and in pollen tube ofVicia faba L. The effect of actinomycin D and cycloheximide

E. Bednarska

Biologia plantarum 34:229, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925875

Two types of esterases, nonspecific esterase and cholin esterase have been distinguished in germinating pollen grains and in pollen tubes ofVicia faba using cytochemical methods. The localization of each of them was different. In the hydrated non-germinating pollen grain the nonspecific esterase was present in the cytoplasm and in the intine. The cholinesterase was localized mainly in the sexine and on the outside of the plasma membrane. A particularly large agglomeration of this enzyme was found in the aperture. During germination both types of extracellular esterases were released into the medium. In the pollen tube the activity of the enzymes...

Influence of reproductive organs on plant senescence in rice and wheat

R. I. Khan, M. A. Choudhuri

Biologia plantarum 34:241, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925876

The chlorophyll and protein contents of the flag, second and third leaves gradually decreased during the reproductive development of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Rasi) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sonalika) plants, whereas proline accumulation increased up to the grain maturation stage and slightly decreased thereafter. In rice plant, the rate of decrease in chlorophyll and protein and increase in proline level were higher in the flag leaf than in the second leaf. It was opposite in wheat plant. The export of [³²P]-phosphate from leaves to grains gradually increased reaching a maximal stage at the grain development stage,...

Book Review

M. OndŘEJ, T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 34:252, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925877

Inhibitory effects of some esters of 2- and 3-substituted alkoxyphenylcarbamic acids on photosynthetic characteristics

K. Kráľová, F. Šeršeň, J. Csöllei

Biologia plantarum 34:253, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925878

The inhibitory effect of 23N-alkyl-4-piperidylesters (alkyl = ethyl-butyl) (APEA) and 8N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethylesters (EPMEA) of 2- and 3-substituted alkoxyphenylcarbamic acids (alkoxy = butoxy-heptyloxy-) on photosynthetic Hill reaction activity of spinach chloroplasts and on chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis in green algaeChlorella vulgaris was investigated. Inhibitory activities of these compounds were strongly connected with the lipophilicity of the whole molecule. A lower inhibitory activity of 2-alkoxy-substituted derivatives in relation to the corresponding 3-substituted ones was confirmed. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra...

Stomatal responses to ABA and IAA in isolated epidermal strips ofVicia faba L.

M. Řičánek, M. Vicherková

Biologia plantarum 34:259, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925879

Epidermal strips from well-watered faba-bean plants were subjected to a range of abscisic acid (ABA) and indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations (10^-5 to 1 mM) in the presence or absence of CO₂ in light or dark. ABA had inhibitory effect on abaxial stomatal apertures in all the concentrations studied and retained them closed even after addition of KCl (SO and 100 mM) to the incubation medium. It also influenced stomatal responses to CO₂. In the presence of CO₂ apertures were greater than in its absence in light as well as in darkness. This relationship remained unchanged also after addition of KCl. The...

Book Review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 34:266, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925880

Assimilate partitioning in pigeonpea under two levels of drought and during recovery

A. S. Nandwal, S. Bharti, I. Singh

Biologia plantarum 34:267-273, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925881

The partitioning of¹⁴C-assimilates was studied in pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan L.) at vegetative and flowering stages (40 and 70 d after sowing, respectively) exposed to moderate and severe drought induced by withholding the irrigation. At vegetative stage, the ethanol soluble fraction in shoot decreased from 99 to 43.16 % between 0 and 120 h, whereas in underground part it increased from 1% to 56.84 % with maximum amount in nodules (35.51 %). Similar trend was observed in ethanol insoluble fraction. At moderate drought, a significant increase in soluble fraction (11.31 %) in nodules was observed. Stem showed significant reduction of assimilates...

Book Review

M. svobodovÁ, J. ŠantrůČek, J. PospíŠilová

Biologia plantarum 34:274, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925882

Growth and pigment content of wheat as influenced by the combined effects of salinity and growth regulators

H. S. Aldesuquy

Biologia plantarum 34:275-283, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925883

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of presoaking the wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) in different levels of salinity (33 or 66 mM) and in growth regulators (indolyl-3-acetic acid, IAA at SO g m^-3, gibberellic acid, GA₃ at 100 g m^-3, or kinetin at 100 g m_-3) on the shoot growth and pigment content of the developing wheat flag leaf. Salinity at 33 or 66 mM led to an insignificant increase in the fresh and dry masses as well as in the shoot diameter and shoot length, but it attenuated the flag leaf area. In the majority of cases, salinity increased the chlorophyll (Chla,...

Book Review

T. Gichner, J. JIRÁtko

Biologia plantarum 34:284, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925884

Competition of wild oat with wheat in comparison to the wheat itself

R. Gonzalez Ponce, M. L. Salas, A. Herce

Biologia plantarum 34:285, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925885

In a glasshouse experiment, an increase of the number of wheat plants per pot caused the plants to became taller, have more ears and a greater grain yield per pot, while the number of tillers decreased and the straw mass did not change. The N and P contents in straw and N in grain also trended to decrease, while the translocation of these nutrients to the grain increased.
The increase of wild oat plants (Avena sterilis spp.macrocarpa Mo.) per pot, produced a decrease of the growth attributes, grain yield and N accumulation in grain of wheat per pot. Wild oat competition with wheat was higher than the wheat competition with itself....

Stomatal resistance, leaf water potential and hydraulic resistance of sugar beet plants

J. Huzulák, F. Matejka

Biologia plantarum 34:291-296, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925886

Stomatal resistance (r_L) and leaf water potential (Υ_L), soil moisture and the course of meteorological factors were measured in irrigated and non-irrigated sugar beet canopies during three years. By means of the canopy water balance equation, theoretical analysis of observed dependencies of stomatal resistance upon leaf water potential was made. The changes of r_L were not induced by the change of (Υ_L) but by that of external and internal factors, (Υ_L) correlates with. Therefore the empirical dependence of stomatal resistance upon leaf water potential cannot be generalized.

Induction of N-malonyl-D-tryptophan by drought stress. Is D-tryptophan the only D-amino acid appeared in wilted leaves?

N. Rekoslavskaya, S. G. Shvetsov, T. Markova, K. Z. Gamburg

Biologia plantarum 34:297-304, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925887

D-amino acid were searched in wilted tomato leaves. D-Isomers of free amino acids were not revealed by the treatment with L- and D-amino acid oxidases. The noncationic fraction of the extract contained N-malonyl-D-tryptophan and no other N-acylated amino acids. A special search for endogenous N-malonyl-D-phenylalanine gave negative results. Exogenous¹⁴C-malonate was only incorporated in one Chromatographic zone corresponding to N-malonyl-D-tryptophan. It is concluded that drought stress does not induce the appearance of D-amino acids except for D-tryptophan which is accumulated in the malonylated form.

Effect of water deficit and sulphur dioxide on total soluble proteins, nitrate reductase activity and free proline content in sunflower leaves

K. Tankha, R. K. Gupta

Biologia plantarum 34:305, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925888

Sunflower (Helianthus annus L. cv. PSH-7) plants were subjected to different osmotic potentials, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000), after, prior to and during SO₂ fumigation. Total soluble proteins and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) decreased, and free proline content increased with the increasing water stress. These biochemical parameters were more adversely affected in fumigated plants than in non-fumigated ones, when mild water stress was provided prior to and during fumigation. When severe water stress was given prior to and during fumigation, total soluble proteins, NRA and free proline content were nearly the same...

Effect of salinity on Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^- content in different organs of chickpea and the basis of ion expression

S. K. Sharma, S. Kumar

Biologia plantarum 34:311-317, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925889

One-month-old plants of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars were exposed to salinity of 4 and 8 dS m ^-1 in pots in a greenhouse. The cultivar BG 312 performed better than Pusa 209 in terms of visible injury and dry mass accumulation. Tissue water content of the various plant organs was affected differently by salinity. Expression of Na⁺ and Cl ^- concentrations on a dry mass basis indicated retention of Na⁺ and Cl ^- by roots, thereby keeping the leaves free of ion accumulation, but their expression on a tissue water basis did not indicate Cl ^-...

Book Reviews

F. Pospíšil, G. Baab

Biologia plantarum 34:318, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925890

The development ofChlorella vulgaris cells exposed to cadmium at successive stages of their life cycle

U. Mazurek, A. Wilczok, D. Tyrawska, B. Swiderska

Biologia plantarum 34:319-323, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925891

The effect of CdCl₂ in a concentration range 0.01-10.0 g m^-3 on the growth ofChlorella vulgaris under synchronous cultivation conditions was determined. The general biological activity, the growth multiplication factor, the cell size and shape and intracellular arrangement showed disturbances of synchronization that depended on Cd²⁺ concentration. The highest inhibition of all mentioned parameters was observed when Cd²⁺ was administered after the second hour of synchronous cultivation, whereas the administration after 6 or 8 h did not induce any significant effect.

Book Reviews

J. Gloser

Biologia plantarum 34:324, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925892

Relationships between the blade and sheath growth in the same leaf and in successive leaves of winter barley

J. Tesařová, F. Seidlová, L. Nátr

Biologia plantarum 34:325-333, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925893

Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Efra) plants were grown till the stage of the fourth leaf under controlled conditions at constant temperatures 26.0 °C, 21.8 °C, 19.6 °C and 15.3 °C. The relationships between the sheath and blade growth was studied. The leaf sheath began to be discernible when it was 0.1 mm long and the blade length was 20 mm. In this stage a correlation (r = 0.812) was found between the length of blade and that of shearth. The sheath length in 20 mm long leaf increased in dependence on leaf insertion. At the time of the beginning of sheath discernibility the elongation growth of the subsequent leaf was initiated. In this...

Book Reviews

K. Sláma

Biologia plantarum 34:334, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925894

Nuclear DNA characterization of two species ofVicia:Vicia bithynica L. andVicia narbonensis L.

M. Frediani, O. Sassoli, R. Cremonini

Biologia plantarum 34:335, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925895

The speciesVicia bithynica andVicia narbonensis, from the same subgeneric section ofVicia faba, show variations in nuclear DNA content Nuclear DNAs, extracted from root tips of the twoVicia species, were characterized by thermal denaturation, analytical ultracentrifugation and reassociation kinetics. The thermal denaturations of DNA, the number of DNA components reassociating with second order kinetics, the proportion of repeated DNA sequences, the frequency of the repeated DNA classes are reported and compared to previous data onVicia faba DNA. Feulgen absorptions at different thresholds of optical density⁺...

Effect of cadmium and nickel on ethylene biosynthesis in soybean

S. Pennazio, P. Roggero

Biologia plantarum 34:345, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925896

Exogenously supplied cadmium and nickel considerably affected the ethylene biosynthesis in soybean cuttings. Cadmium stimulated ethylene production by increasing production of free ACC and stimulating EFE activity. Nickel inhibited ethylene production by depressing EFE activity, but stimulated the production of free ACC. Both heavy metals did not apparently affect cell membrane integrity.

Book Reviews

J. Gloser

Biologia plantarum 34:350, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925897

Effect of 3- allyl- 6- nitro- 2- benzothiazolinone on algae and higher plants

V. Blanáriková, K. Kráľová, L. Mitterhauszerová, E. Sidoóvá, P. Blanárik

Biologia plantarum 34:351, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925898

In concentration range of 10^-15 to 10^-5 3-allyl-6-nitro-2-benzothiazolinone (ANB) did not affect the algaChlorella vulgaris L. and intact dicotyledonous plantVicia saliva L. However, it stimulated growth and chlorophyll production inZea mays L., showing different effects on individual plant organs, and in the callus obtained from the root ofDaucus carota L. At high concentration (10^-4 M), ANB inhibited all the characteristics studied.

Microtubule- like structures in developing wheat-leaf chloroplasts

J. Kutík

Biologia plantarum 34:355-357, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925899

Microtubule-like structures were observed in mesophyll cell chloroplasts during the ontogeny of the second leaf of wheat cultured in full nutrient solution as well as under nitrogen deficiency.