Biologia plantarum, 1971 (vol. 13), issue 4

Article

A statistical study of the formation of lateral roots in Pisum sativum L. under constant conditions

Albína Klasová, J. Kolek, J. Klas

Biologia plantarum 13:209-215, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF03332292

The dynamics of the germination and formation of lateral roots under constant conditions were studied in pea Pisum sativum L., cv. Pyram. Various parameters of the above processes were evaluated statistically. The time at which the germination proceeds at the maximum rate was found to be 24.9 h from the start of the imbibition of seeds. The standard deviation of the germination time of an individual seed from the time corresponding to the maximum of germinated seeds was found to be 4.0 h. The formation of the lateral root primordia took place at 54.2 ± 2.9 h. At 73.5 ± 5.5 h from the beginning of the experiment, laterals on the...

Mutational efficiency of thermal neutrons in Lens esculenta (Moench)

J. Uhlík

Biologia plantarum 13:216-223, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF03332293

First findings on the mutation efficiency of thermal neutrons in lentil are presented.
1) The highest proportion of segregating progenies with chlorophyll mutants and chimeric plants reached 22% when doses of 1.6 × 10¹² n cm^-2 and 2 × 10¹² n cm^-2 were used.
2) After irradiation with doses in the range from 2 × 10¹² n cm^-2 to 2.6 × 10¹² n cm^-2 different chlorophyll mutants were produced at the same time in 2 to 4% of the offsprings.
3) The maximum proportion of the progenies in which only the viridis mutants were segregated was 18%, that with xanthoviridis...

A quantitative in vitro study of non-specific esterase in carrot taproot explants using a simultaneous azocoupling method

Ludmila Bedrníková, K. Beneš

Biologia plantarum 13:224-233, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF03332294

A simultaneous azocoupling reaction used for in situ localization of non-specific esterase may be applied even for quantitative in vitro measurements. The developed standard procedure was verified with regard to substrate concentration, inhibitory effect of diazonium salt, incubation time, stability of resulting dye, relation between the amount of dye and the amount of material. On HW medium, non-specific esterase activity increases considerably both in phloem and xylem explants from Daucus carota L. taproot. The increase of enzyme is higher and appears earlier than the increase of fresh weight and dry matter, especially in the...

Effect of the herbicides MCPA and simazine on the respiration rate and content of glycides and nitrogen in bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.)

Daniela Chodová, J. Zemánek

Biologia plantarum 13:234-242, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF03332295

The effect of the herbicides MCPA and simazine on some physiological processes in bindweed was studied. An enhanced respiration rate in roots was demonstrated when MCPA was added to the nutrient solution, and when the plants were later transferred to a solution without any herbicide. When overground parts of plants were treated with the herbicide their respiration rate was found to proceed at a higher rate than in controls. the opposite situation being found to prevail in roots. In this experimental variant the content of glycides and of nitrogen in the overground parts was found to be reduced. It seems probable that the glycides were consumed due...

Electrophoretic investigation of ribonuclease in roots and leaves ofVicia faba L.

J. Sahulka

Biologia plantarum 13:243-246, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02931016

Isozyme patterns and specific activity of ribonuclease (ribonucleate pyridinenucleotido-2'-transferase, E. C. 2.7.7.16) were followed in the extracts of segments from three growth zones of the root and in extracts of young and senescent leaves ofVicia faba L. Electrophoreograms of extracts from all three investigated root zones were identical, in the electrophoreograms of extracts from senescent leaves however one new ribonuclease occurred which could not be detected in the electrophoreograms of extracts from young leaves. Extracts from senescent leaves had higher specific activity of ribonuclease than extracts from young leaves. Extracts from...

Which water potential? Differences between isopiestic thermocouple psychrometer measurements of intact and excised plant materials

Man Singh Manohar

Biologia plantarum 13:247-256, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02931017

Water potentials of leaves from well-watered plants were measured. There were species-specific differences in both the total and the osmotic potentials of pea (Pisum sativum), tradescantia (Tradescantia versicolor), rose (Rosa hybrida), bitter lemon (Citrus aurantium) and olive (Olea europaea). With tradescantia the potential measured after the destruction of turgor by freezing was less negative than before, a result which suggests that the value obtained is not identical with the real osmotic potential of the leaf. detached leaves of all species showed less negative water potential readings, and those of pea even...

Specific conductivity of conducting and non-conducting tissues ofZea mays root

V. Kozinka, Mária Luxová

Biologia plantarum 13:257-266, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02931018

The structure of the maize root enables one to determine the experimental specific conductivity of conducting and non-conducting tissues for the longitudinal water transfer. Using the method of Farmer and Berger in Huber and Schmidt's modification, successive differences in orders of magnitude were revealed among the experimental specific conductivities of the tissues of pith, cortex, and those of the area with concentrated xylem. The highest values of specific conductivity (cm³ cm^-2 h^-1 at 400 mbar per 5 mm distance, at 20° C) were determined in the area with concentrated xylem (mean value 10 018 cm³ cm^-2...

Use of seedlings for predicting field resistance of wheat toErysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici

M. S. Ghemawat

Biologia plantarum 13:267-270, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02931019

Seedlings can be used to predict field resistance, if any, of wheat varieties and experimental lines to wheat powdery mildew fungus,Erysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici. First leaves of 8-day-old seedlings of a field-resistant wheat showed a greater frequency of primary infections in subsidiary cells of stomata than those in a susceptible wheat. This method of predicting field resistance of experimental lines from seedling studies should prove time-saving because crosses involving field-resistant experimental lines can be made in the same generation.

Effect of temperature on susceptibility of the primary leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. to red clover mottle virus

B. A. Kvíčala, J. Bodnár

Biologia plantarum 13:273-278, 1971 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02931020

Red clover mottle virus isolated in Czechoslovakia was studied in relation to its reaction to varying temperature on primary French bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on which it forms local necrotic lesions. The plants were kept 24 or 48 h before, or 24 or 48 h after inoculation at the temperatures 23, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 36° C. After such exposures the French beans were kept at a constant temperature of 25° C. The lesions were counted at various intervals. In the experiment the optimal temperature for the maximum number of lesions seems to be 36 °C 48 h before inoculation. The temperature above 25° C applied 24 h after inoculation seems to...